Table 3: The Global Competitiveness Index rankings and comparisons

Transcription

1 .: The Global Competitiveness Index Table 3: The Global Competitiveness Index rankings and comparisons Country/Economy Rank (out of 44) GCI Score ( 7) Rank among economies* GCI rank (out of 48) Switzerland 5.70 Singapore United States Finland Germany Japan Hong Kong SAR Netherlands United Kingdom Sweden Norway 5.35 United Arab Emirates Denmark Taiwan, China Canada Qatar New Zealand Belgium Luxembourg Malaysia Austria Australia France Saudi Arabia Ireland Korea, Rep Israel China Estonia Iceland Thailand Puerto Rico Chile Indonesia Spain Portugal Czech Republic Azerbaijan Mauritius Kuwait Lithuania Latvia Poland Bahrain Turkey Oman Malta Panama Italy Kazakhstan Costa Rica Philippines Russian Federation Bulgaria Barbados South Africa Brazil Cyprus Romania Hungary Mexico Rwanda Macedonia, FYR Jordan Peru Colombia Montenegro Vietnam Georgia Slovenia India Morocco Country/Economy Rank (out of 44) GCI Score ( 7) Rank among economies* GCI rank (out of 48) Sri Lanka Botswana Slovak Republic Ukraine Croatia Guatemala Algeria Uruguay Greece Moldova Iran, Islamic Rep El Salvador Armenia Jamaica Tunisia Namibia Trinidad and Tobago Kenya Tajikistan n/a n/a Seychelles Lao PDR Serbia Cambodia Zambia Albania Mongolia Nicaragua Honduras Dominican Republic Nepal Bhutan Argentina Bolivia Gabon Lesotho Kyrgyz Republic Bangladesh Suriname Ghana Senegal Lebanon Cape Verde Côte d'ivoire Cameroon Guyana Ethiopia Egypt Paraguay Tanzania Uganda Swaziland Zimbabwe Gambia, The Libya Nigeria Mali Pakistan Madagascar Venezuela Malawi Mozambique Myanmar Burkina Faso Timor-Leste Haiti Sierra Leone Burundi Angola Mauritania Yemen Chad Guinea * This column ranks all those economies for that have been covered both in the and editions, hence a constant sample of 43 economies. Tajikistan was not included in the analysis last year, and therefore appears as n/a. The edition of the Global Competitiveness Report covered 48 economies. The Global Competitiveness Report

2 .: The Global Competitiveness Index Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index SUBINDEX OVERALL INDEX Basic requirements Efficiency enhancers and sophistication factors Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Switzerland Singapore United States Finland Germany Japan Hong Kong SAR Netherlands United Kingdom Sweden Norway United Arab Emirates Denmark Taiwan, China Canada Qatar New Zealand Belgium Luxembourg Malaysia Austria Australia France Saudi Arabia Ireland Korea, Rep Israel China Estonia Iceland Thailand Puerto Rico Chile Indonesia Spain Portugal Czech Republic Azerbaijan Mauritius Kuwait Lithuania Latvia Poland Bahrain Turkey Oman Malta Panama Italy Kazakhstan Costa Rica Philippines Russian Federation Bulgaria Barbados South Africa Brazil Cyprus Romania Hungary Mexico Rwanda Macedonia, FYR Jordan Peru Colombia Montenegro Vietnam Georgia Slovenia India Morocco (Cont d.) 4 The Global Competitiveness Report

3 .: The Global Competitiveness Index Table 4: The Global Competitiveness Index (cont d.) SUBINDEX OVERALL INDEX Basic requirements Efficiency enhancers and sophistication factors Country/Economy Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Sri Lanka Botswana Slovak Republic Ukraine Croatia Guatemala Algeria Uruguay Greece Moldova Iran, Islamic Rep El Salvador Armenia Jamaica Tunisia Namibia Trinidad and Tobago Kenya Tajikistan Seychelles Lao PDR Serbia Cambodia Zambia Albania Mongolia Nicaragua Honduras Dominican Republic Nepal Bhutan Argentina Bolivia Gabon Lesotho Kyrgyz Republic Bangladesh Suriname Ghana Senegal Lebanon Cape Verde Côte d'ivoire Cameroon Guyana Ethiopia Egypt Paraguay Tanzania Uganda Swaziland Zimbabwe Gambia, The Libya Nigeria Mali Pakistan Madagascar Venezuela Malawi Mozambique Myanmar Burkina Faso Timor-Leste Haiti Sierra Leone Burundi Angola Mauritania Yemen Chad Guinea Note: Ranks out of 44 economies and scores measured on a -to-7 scale. The Global Competitiveness Report

4 2.: Country/Economy Profiles Cambodia Key indicators, 203 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...,06 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total GDP (PPP) per capita (int l $), ,000 Cambodia 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000, Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 44) ( 7) GCI GCI (out of 48) GCI (out of 44) GCI (out of 42) Basic requirements (60.0%) Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers (35.0%) Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size and sophistication factors (5.0%) Business sophistication Stage of development Factor Business sophistication Market size Technological readiness Financial market development 2 2 Cambodia Efficiency Institutions Labor market efficiency Infrastructure Goods market efficiency Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption Access to financing Inefficient government bureaucracy...4 Inadequately educated workforce Inadequate supply of infrastructure Policy instability Government instability/coups Restrictive labor regulations Tax regulations Foreign currency regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force...3. Crime and theft Insufficient capacity to innovate Tax rates Poor public health...2. Inflation Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings. 42 The Global Competitiveness Report

5 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail VALUE RANK/44 st pillar: Institutions.0 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust in politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 0 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.0 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat km/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Mobile telephone subscriptions/00 pop.* Fixed telephone lines/00 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.0 Government budget balance, % GDP* Gross national savings, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* General government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, 0 00 (best)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.0 Malaria cases/00,000 pop.*..., Business impact of malaria Tuberculosis cases/00,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS Infant mortality, deaths/,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.0 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the education system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.0 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Effect of taxation on incentives to invest Total tax rate, % profits* : Country/Economy Profiles Cambodia VALUE RANK/44 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont d.) 6.06 No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Imports as a percentage of GDP* Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.0 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* Effect of taxation on incentives to work Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Country capacity to retain talent Country capacity to attract talent Women in labor force, ratio to men* th pillar: Financial market development 8.0 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 0 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.0 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Individuals using Internet, %* Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/00 pop.* Int l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* Mobile broadband subscriptions/00 pop.* th pillar: Market size 0.0 Domestic market size index, 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 7 (best)* GDP (PPP$ billions)* Exports as a percentage of GDP* th pillar: Business sophistication.0 Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: 2.0 Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers PCT patents, applications/million pop.* Notes: Values are on a -to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 0. The Global Competitiveness Report

6 2.: Country/Economy Profiles Indonesia Key indicators, 203 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)... 3,50 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total GDP (PPP) per capita (int l $), ,000 Indonesia 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000, Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 44) ( 7) GCI GCI (out of 48) GCI (out of 44) GCI (out of 42) Basic requirements (40.0%) Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers (50.0%) Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size and sophistication factors (0.0%) Business sophistication Stage of development Factor Business sophistication Market size Technological readiness Financial market development 2 2 Indonesia Efficiency Institutions Labor market efficiency Infrastructure Goods market efficiency Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption Access to financing Inflation Inefficient government bureaucracy Inadequate supply of infrastructure Policy instability Foreign currency regulations Poor work ethic in national labor force Tax rates Government instability/coups Restrictive labor regulations Crime and theft Inadequately educated workforce...4. Tax regulations Poor public health Insufficient capacity to innovate Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings. 24 The Global Competitiveness Report

7 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail VALUE RANK/44 st pillar: Institutions.0 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust in politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 0 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.0 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat km/week, millions*... 2, Quality of electricity supply Mobile telephone subscriptions/00 pop.* Fixed telephone lines/00 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.0 Government budget balance, % GDP* Gross national savings, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* General government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, 0 00 (best)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.0 Malaria cases/00,000 pop.*... 2, Business impact of malaria Tuberculosis cases/00,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS Infant mortality, deaths/,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.0 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the education system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.0 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Effect of taxation on incentives to invest Total tax rate, % profits* : Country/Economy Profiles Indonesia VALUE RANK/44 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont d.) 6.06 No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Imports as a percentage of GDP* Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.0 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* Effect of taxation on incentives to work Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Country capacity to retain talent Country capacity to attract talent Women in labor force, ratio to men* th pillar: Financial market development 8.0 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 0 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.0 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Individuals using Internet, %* Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/00 pop.* Int l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* Mobile broadband subscriptions/00 pop.* th pillar: Market size 0.0 Domestic market size index, 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 7 (best)* GDP (PPP$ billions)*..., Exports as a percentage of GDP* th pillar: Business sophistication.0 Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: 2.0 Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers PCT patents, applications/million pop.* Notes: Values are on a -to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 0. The Global Competitiveness Report

8 2.: Country/Economy Profiles Lao PDR Key indicators, 203 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)...,477 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total GDP (PPP) per capita (int l $), ,000 Lao PDR 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000, Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 44) ( 7) GCI GCI (out of 48) GCI (out of 44)... n/a...n/a GCI (out of 42)... n/a...n/a Basic requirements (60.0%) Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers (35.0%) Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size and sophistication factors (5.0%) Business sophistication Stage of development Factor Business sophistication Market size Technological readiness Financial market development 2 2 Lao PDR Efficiency Institutions Labor market efficiency Infrastructure Goods market efficiency Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training The most problematic factors for doing business Inadequately educated workforce Access to financing Inadequate supply of infrastructure Corruption Poor work ethic in national labor force Inefficient government bureaucracy Tax regulations Tax rates Insufficient capacity to innovate Foreign currency regulations Inflation Policy instability Poor public health...7 Crime and theft...6 Restrictive labor regulations...6 Government instability/coups Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings. 240 The Global Competitiveness Report

9 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail VALUE RANK/44 st pillar: Institutions.0 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust in politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 0 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.0 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure... N/Appl....n/a 2.04 Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat km/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Mobile telephone subscriptions/00 pop.* Fixed telephone lines/00 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.0 Government budget balance, % GDP* Gross national savings, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* General government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, 0 00 (best)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.0 Malaria cases/00,000 pop.*..., Business impact of malaria Tuberculosis cases/00,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS Infant mortality, deaths/,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.0 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the education system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.0 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Effect of taxation on incentives to invest Total tax rate, % profits* : Country/Economy Profiles Lao PDR VALUE RANK/44 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont d.) 6.06 No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Imports as a percentage of GDP* Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.0 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* Effect of taxation on incentives to work Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Country capacity to retain talent Country capacity to attract talent Women in labor force, ratio to men* th pillar: Financial market development 8.0 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 0 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.0 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Individuals using Internet, %* Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/00 pop.* Int l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* Mobile broadband subscriptions/00 pop.* th pillar: Market size 0.0 Domestic market size index, 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 7 (best)* GDP (PPP$ billions)* Exports as a percentage of GDP* th pillar: Business sophistication.0 Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: 2.0 Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers PCT patents, applications/million pop.* Notes: Values are on a -to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 0. The Global Competitiveness Report

10 2.: Country/Economy Profiles Malaysia Key indicators, 203 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$)... 0,548 GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total GDP (PPP) per capita (int l $), ,000 Malaysia 5,000 0,000 5, Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 44) ( 7) GCI GCI (out of 48) GCI (out of 44) GCI (out of 42) Basic requirements (36.%) Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers (50.0%) Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size and sophistication factors (3.9%) Business sophistication Stage of development Factor Business sophistication Market size Technological readiness Financial market development 2 2 Malaysia Efficiency Institutions Labor market efficiency Infrastructure Goods market efficiency Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training The most problematic factors for doing business Corruption Access to financing Crime and theft Inefficient government bureaucracy Tax rates Inflation Policy instability Poor work ethic in national labor force Government instability/coups Insufficient capacity to innovate...5. Inadequate supply of infrastructure Tax regulations Inadequately educated workforce Restrictive labor regulations Foreign currency regulations Poor public health Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings. 260 The Global Competitiveness Report

11 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail VALUE RANK/44 st pillar: Institutions.0 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust in politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 0 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.0 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat km/week, millions*..., Quality of electricity supply Mobile telephone subscriptions/00 pop.* Fixed telephone lines/00 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.0 Government budget balance, % GDP* Gross national savings, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* General government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, 0 00 (best)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.0 Malaria cases/00,000 pop.* Business impact of malaria Tuberculosis cases/00,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS Infant mortality, deaths/,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.0 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the education system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.0 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Effect of taxation on incentives to invest Total tax rate, % profits* : Country/Economy Profiles Malaysia VALUE RANK/44 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont d.) 6.06 No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Imports as a percentage of GDP* Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.0 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* Effect of taxation on incentives to work Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Country capacity to retain talent Country capacity to attract talent Women in labor force, ratio to men* th pillar: Financial market development 8.0 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 0 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.0 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Individuals using Internet, %* Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/00 pop.* Int l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* Mobile broadband subscriptions/00 pop.* th pillar: Market size 0.0 Domestic market size index, 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 7 (best)* GDP (PPP$ billions)* Exports as a percentage of GDP* th pillar: Business sophistication.0 Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: 2.0 Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers PCT patents, applications/million pop.* Notes: Values are on a -to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 0. The Global Competitiveness Report

12 2.: Country/Economy Profiles Myanmar Key indicators, 203 Population (millions) GDP (US$ billions) GDP per capita (US$) GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total GDP (PPP) per capita (int l $), ,000 Myanmar 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000, Global Competitiveness Index Rank Score (out of 44) ( 7) GCI GCI (out of 48) GCI (out of 44)... n/a...n/a GCI (out of 42)... n/a...n/a Basic requirements (60.0%) Institutions Infrastructure Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Efficiency enhancers (35.0%) Higher education and training Goods market efficiency Labor market efficiency Financial market development Technological readiness Market size and sophistication factors (5.0%) Business sophistication Stage of development Factor Business sophistication Market size Technological readiness Financial market development 2 2 Myanmar Efficiency Institutions Labor market efficiency Infrastructure Goods market efficiency Macroeconomic environment Health and primary education Higher education and training The most problematic factors for doing business Access to financing Corruption Inefficient government bureaucracy Inadequately educated workforce Policy instability Inadequate supply of infrastructure...7. Foreign currency regulations Tax regulations Inflation Government instability/coups Poor work ethic in national labor force Restrictive labor regulations Tax rates Insufficient capacity to innovate...2. Crime and theft...6 Poor public health Percent of responses Note: From the list of factors above, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between (most problematic) and 5. The bars in the figure show the responses weighted according to their rankings. 282 The Global Competitiveness Report

13 The Global Competitiveness Index in detail VALUE RANK/44 st pillar: Institutions.0 Property rights Intellectual property protection Diversion of public funds Public trust in politicians Irregular payments and bribes Judicial independence Favoritism in decisions of government officials Wastefulness of government spending Burden of government regulation Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs Transparency of government policymaking Business costs of terrorism Business costs of crime and violence Organized crime Reliability of police services Ethical behavior of firms Strength of auditing and reporting standards Efficacy of corporate boards Protection of minority shareholders interests Strength of investor protection, 0 0 (best)* nd pillar: Infrastructure 2.0 Quality of overall infrastructure Quality of roads Quality of railroad infrastructure Quality of port infrastructure Quality of air transport infrastructure Available airline seat km/week, millions* Quality of electricity supply Mobile telephone subscriptions/00 pop.* Fixed telephone lines/00 pop.* rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment 3.0 Government budget balance, % GDP* Gross national savings, % GDP* Inflation, annual % change* General government debt, % GDP* Country credit rating, 0 00 (best)* th pillar: Health and primary education 4.0 Malaria cases/00,000 pop.*... 2, Business impact of malaria Tuberculosis cases/00,000 pop.* Business impact of tuberculosis HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* Business impact of HIV/AIDS Infant mortality, deaths/,000 live births* Life expectancy, years* Quality of primary education Primary education enrollment, net %* th pillar: Higher education and training 5.0 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* Tertiary education enrollment, gross %* Quality of the education system Quality of math and science education Quality of management schools Internet access in schools Availability of research and training services Extent of staff training th pillar: Goods market efficiency 6.0 Intensity of local competition Extent of market dominance Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy Effect of taxation on incentives to invest Total tax rate, % profits* : Country/Economy Profiles Myanmar VALUE RANK/44 6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont d.) 6.06 No. procedures to start a business* No. days to start a business* Agricultural policy costs Prevalence of trade barriers Trade tariffs, % duty* Prevalence of foreign ownership Business impact of rules on FDI Burden of customs procedures Imports as a percentage of GDP* Degree of customer orientation Buyer sophistication th pillar: Labor market efficiency 7.0 Cooperation in labor-employer relations Flexibility of wage determination Hiring and firing practices Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* Effect of taxation on incentives to work Pay and productivity Reliance on professional management Country capacity to retain talent Country capacity to attract talent Women in labor force, ratio to men* th pillar: Financial market development 8.0 Availability of financial services Affordability of financial services Financing through local equity market Ease of access to loans Venture capital availability Soundness of banks Regulation of securities exchanges Legal rights index, 0 0 (best)* th pillar: Technological readiness 9.0 Availability of latest technologies Firm-level technology absorption FDI and technology transfer Individuals using Internet, %* Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions/00 pop.* Int l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* Mobile broadband subscriptions/00 pop.* th pillar: Market size 0.0 Domestic market size index, 7 (best)* Foreign market size index, 7 (best)* GDP (PPP$ billions)* Exports as a percentage of GDP* th pillar: Business sophistication.0 Local supplier quantity Local supplier quality State of cluster development Nature of competitive advantage Value chain breadth Control of international distribution Production process sophistication Extent of marketing Willingness to delegate authority th pillar: 2.0 Capacity for innovation Quality of scientific research institutions Company spending on R&D University-industry collaboration in R&D Gov t procurement of advanced tech products Availability of scientists and engineers PCT patents, applications/million pop.* Notes: Values are on a -to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles on page 0. The Global Competitiveness Report