Sustainability and Resilience in Action in Community-based Tourism Development - Learning from Dabang

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1 The Role of Academia in Driving Sustainability Sustainability and Resilience in Action in Community-based Tourism Development - Learning from Dabang Tsung-chiung (Emily) Wu, Professor Department of Tourism, Recreation, and Leisure Studies National Dong-Hwa University Taiwan The 11thUNWTO/PATA Forum Tourism Trends and Outlook Guilin, China, October 2017

2 YOUR SITE HERE Sustainable Development Using resources to meet the needs of contemporary society while ensuring their availability to meet the needs of future generations. (Brundtland Report 1987) Goals For 2030 (adopted Sept 2015)

3 YOUR SITE HERE Sustainable Tourism Sustainability Community Destination Environment & Resources Sustainable Tourism Tourists Resource Tourism supply Community (Social, Culture) Balance Environment, Economy, & Social

4 YOUR SITE HERE Challenging Questions Sustainable Tourism: It is for real Community-based - Resources - People - Social network HOW TO Make local people economically benefit under the sustainable progress? Develop tourism programs/products meets the needs of tourist market and requires of resource quality? Promote the concepts of environmental/ cultural education under the tourism development. Minimize negative impacts induced by the tourism development?

5 Sustainability and Resilience in Action in Indigenous Tourism Development - Learning from Dabang Wu, Tsung-chiung and Wall, Geoffrey Learning from Dabang: Sustainability and Resilience in Action in Indigenous Tourism Development. In Joseph Cheer and A.A. Lew, eds., Understanding Tourism Resilience: Adapting to Social, Political and Economic Change, pp , London: Routledge.

6 YOUR SITE HERE Research Objectives To initiate and addresses aspects of the sustainable development of communitybased tourism in an indigenous community. To documents the tourism initiatives taken and to extract lessons that underpin those challenges community collaborative, community-based, tourism development To provide research concerns on taking action research approach.

7 A Story of Dabang Issues and Responses DabangCaseOut_wuP.ppt

8 Aborigines in Taiwan

9 YOUR SITE HERE Introduction to Dabang Dabang Village is situated at the tail end of Alishan Mountain Range in Alishan Township, Chiayi County. It lies along the upper part of the Zengwen River at an elevation ranging between 800 to 1,500 meters above sea level. The population of the village is about 650, with Tsou aboriginals making up 95% of the total.

10 Forests of broad-leaf trees YOUR SITE HERE

11 YOUR SITE HERE

12 Dabang is viewed as the traditional center of Tsou s traditional tribes. Kuba traditional meeting pavilion. Here, most traditional festivals and Tsou s norms are still reserved. Homeyaya (harvest festival ) in July and Mayasvi festival (war festival ) in Feb.. Part of tribe people remain traditional hunting practices to their ancestor s hunting territory. YOUR SITE HERE

13 Livelihood YOUR SITE HERE

14 Action Research Action research...aims to contribute both to the practical concerns of people in an immediate problematic situation and to further the goals of social science simultaneously. Thus, there is a dual commitment in action research to study a system and concurrently to collaborate with members of the system in moving it toward a desirable direction. Diagnosing Action Planning Taking Action Evaluation Specifying Learning

15 YOUR SITE HERE The Action Study P1_Action Research.pptx The frame of time period Pre-study Ecotourism Project Post project Extended researches : 1 year : 4 years : 2.5 years

16 The 4 year project required tasks Develop Dabang Ecotourism Development Plans Design mechanisms and implementation plan Survey resource and build up resource data-base for ecotourism development Monitor resource quality & investigate impact perceptions Develop rules for local businesses, residents and visitors. Program and help to run trial ecotourism tours Develop business and marketing plans

17 Approaching Sustainable Development Adaptive Impact Control Program Ecology & resource Quality program Resource Mgnt High quality of tourism supply sys Communitybased Ecotourism Travel Business Mgnt Vision/leadership for sustainable welfare Organization Practices & Co-op Community Mgnt Market value of local resources Regular empowerment program LOOK * * ISSUE * * THINK * * RESPONSE * * ACT * * CHANGE

18 YOUR SITE HERE Actions Towards Environmental Sustainability Profiling and monitoring resources Environmental friendly skills & knowledge Actions 02Resource.ppt - Local understanding and appreciation Cultural presentation and identity Economically affordable Community based (involved)

19 Economically affordable Community-based Monitoring Mechanism 1. Joint work of resource investigation by experienced exports and local interpreters 2. Simplify the process and monitor form 3. Hire local people to implement resource monthly monitoring task. (by project or tribe tourism development fund at the beginning) 4. Report of Resource Profiles 5. Data analysis is supported by Wu s office. 6. Annually examine the monitoring results.

20 Cultural presentation and identity - hunting knowledge vs. conservation

21 YOUR SITE HERE Actions Towards Economic Sustainability Gains and distribution Job opportunities Tourism supply Commercialization and authenticity Actions 03Travel.ppt Production and marketing Community-based and external assists Supply as a system

22 Alternative commodification 1. Training: 資源商品化的觀摩 資源商品化的講習課程 2. R&D workshop: 全自然手工藝商品設計大賽 3. External assistance ( 意象設計與包裝元素 ) 部落文化元素商品化現勘 部落生態旅遊意象設計與商品化的講習課程 部落生態旅遊意象設計的討論與確認

23 alternative standardization & job creations 材料 - 孟宗竹石篙竹 切割 切割後半成品 打磨 打磨完成 組合 組合完成 烙印圖騰 包裝設計 包裝 改良 創新 研發

24 United as a system - ONE Center Supply System Packaging Recreation activities Dining Lodging Interpretation 資訊調查 修正 服務 Quality & efficiency Visitor Service Provision Professionalism Conservation Local benefits distribution

25 YOUR SITE HERE Actions Towards Community Sustainability Power and social relations, organizing Community empowerment & capital Actions 01Community.ppt - Current issues & long-term welfare of community Internal forces and external forces Level of participation and awareness Ways of learning and understanding Operations by community

26 Current issues of community Volunteer Patrol Team

27 Community Issues long-term welfare Build Traditional Pavilion Elder & youth

28 External & Internal Ways of understanding External Groups Meeting workshop Consulting Edu. & training Tasks Field trips Tribe

29 Discussions 7 Conclusions

30 Sustainable Tourism Development (1) The quality of jobs created, the retention and distribution of economic gains, and local meanings should receive serious consideration during the process of commodification for tourists consumption; products. (2) Tourism Supply System - A center is needed to facilitate cooperation among various small operators or and interested individuals to assure the quality and stability of service delivery, especially in a small, remote community; (3) Environmental actions should involve local people and incorporate their traditional knowledge; (4) Resource assessment and monitoring can be accomplished through involving external experts with local involvement but protocols required modification in recognition of local conditions and abilities; (5) Scope of (tourism) development should not be confined to tourism but should incorporate residents needs and the long-term well-being of community. In addition, a network of external aids should be established to augment local abilities and assistant the community when requested; (6) Integrated process: The quality and quantity of programs should be congruent with the multi-pronged nature of development and accommodate local learning habits, such as learning by doing. YOUR SITE HERE

31 YOUR SITE HERE Community-based approach Trust Partnership and collaboration Long-term commitment Capacity building learning by doing Multi-pronged development

32 YOUR SITE HERE Reflection Action Research Humanity value Partnership and collaboration Systematic inquiry Theoretical & practical knowledge Time, complexity, uncertainty, loose control

33 The Role of Academia in Driving Sustainability Sustainability Tourism Development Sustainable Tourism Theory Scientific Inquiry Academia Issues Theory Scientific Inquiry Actions Community development Tourism development Tourism Impacts Action research Tourists Market Serious leisure Survey Programming Creative Tourism Experiment Delivery Tourist Experience Means-end Chain Resilience Sustainability & Resilience Case Studies * *

34 YOUR SITE HERE The 11thUNWTO/PATA Forum on Tourism Trends and Outlook in Guilin, China from 10-12October 2017 Thank you! Sustainable Development: Community-Based Tourism as Action Research