Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
|
|
- Peter Short
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Maryam Jafari Jebeli 1 and Akbar Etebarian 2 1, 2.Department of Public Administration, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran (Received Feb & Published online April issue) Abstract This study has attempted to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Regarding the research objectives and nature, this study was of applied and descriptive-correlation types respectively. The population of this study was all employees working in the deputy of urban districts. The total numbers of employees working in these centers in 2013 reported up to 311 personnel. The sample size was estimated 173 individuals using Cochran's formula at 95% confidence level. According to the forecast on reduction in the returned questionnaires, 192 questionnaires distributed among the subjects. Furthermore, quota random sampling method as well as questionnaires used for data collection. Questionnaire of Oregon and Kanovsky (1996) used to evaluate organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, perceived organizational support assessed via a questionnaire designed by Eisenberger et al. (1986). Experts from university and municipality approved content validity of the questionnaires. Besides, construct validity of the organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire was approved using factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the perceived citizenship behavior. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between components of politeness and courtesy, civic virtue and work conscious with perceived organizational support. Keywords: Perceived organizational support, organizational citizenship behavior. Introduction The environmental changes are taking place very fast in the third millennium. Hence, organizations are attempting to learn and teach organizational behavior to their employees in order to compete in the global arena and adapt themselves to an ever-changing environment. Accordingly, employees are required to go beyond job descriptions; duties and roles stipulated for them. This is because they believe that these behaviors reflected on the performance within the organization and will lead to change representation within the organization. For this reason, managers prefer employees who go beyond their expectations. Furthermore, they willingly engage in behaviors that are not part of their official duties (Zare, 2004). These behaviors are calling organizational citizenship behaviors The structure of organizational citizenship behaviors includes identification, management and evaluation of extra-role behaviors of employees working in the organizations. In effect, their behaviors improve the organizational effectiveness. In other words, and with regard to this definition, human kinds as organizational citizens expected to go beyond their defined formal roles and duties in order to serve the organizational objectives (Bienstock et al. 2003). Senior experts within the field of organizational citizenship behaviors have concluded that representation of these behaviors provides a framework that reduces the need to expend valuable resources to perform simple tasks on the part of organization. Furthermore, due to time and resource's consumption, this factor empowers individuals to take greater care to conduct their tasks as well as prevalent issues. The result of all these factors leads to increase in success and efficiency within the organization (Podsakoff et al. 2000; Raub, 2008). Accordingly, the implementation of organizational citizenship behaviors should be assisted to achieve
2 successful, organized and efficient organizations. Nowadays, one of the most-recent subjects within the field of organizational behavior and human management is organizational support and protection expressed by companies to their employees. This subject has been derived from social exchange theory (Russell and Marie, 2005). It seems that perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior are correlated with each other. Actually, this study has also addressed this same issue. The results from a research conducted by Davila and Finkelstein (2013) showed that organizational citizenship behavior and its motives, particularly altruism, have been strongly correlated with welfare. Furthermore, organizational citizenship behavior has been associated with welfare. This has caused psychological comfort and satisfaction in terms of expressed helps. The results from a research accomplished by Cheung (2013) indicated that perceived organizational support interfaced between individual and information justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Duffy and Lilly (2013) conducted a research and found that medium levels of demand for power and success could influence the relationship established among organizational citizenship behavior, organizational trust and perceived organizational support. Isfahan Municipality, as one of the largest and most influential public institutions within the Isfahan city that is daily engaged in close contact with a large number of citizens, should pay special attention to behavioral variables to be successful in carrying out its activities. It seems that, among all behavioral variables, organizational citizenship behavior is very important for the Municipality because the volume and type of work, and a plurality of communications require employees to go and work beyond their formal roles and duties. Since organizational citizenship, behavior emphasizes on extra-role behaviors, the need for rare and specialist human resources has been reduced and, thus, organizational costs have decreased as well. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine the organizational citizenship behavior among employees working in Isfahan Municipality (Ahmadi, 2013). Subsequently, central and 15 districts of Isfahan Municipality have been chosen to be included in this research. Hence, this study examines the following hypotheses: 1. Perceived organizational support is associated with organizational citizenship behavior. 2. Perceived organizational support is correlated with different dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior (including politeness and courtesy, civic virtue, work conscious, altruism and sportsmanship). In addition, organizations can identify and assess the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior in order to create an environment that encourages and facilitates the representation of organizational citizenship behavior. Accordingly, one can argue that the probable findings from this study can lay the groundwork for strengthening the organizational citizenship behavior upon the part of managers of Isfahan Municipality. Definition of perceived organizational support Eisenberger et al. (1986) firstly and formally developed the concept of perceived organizational support to the literature. Since then, scholars have been paying particular attention to the analysis on the formation of organizational support Supportive behaviors of leaders as well as organizational climate may be perceived to provide organizational support. The organizational support refers to feelings and beliefs held by individuals in terms of levels of value and respect directed by organizations towards cooperation, assistance and support to their employees. Furthermore, this concept reflects the fact that the extent to which a given organization is concerned with the welfare and future of its employees. If employees feel that they are backed and respected by their related organization and that the organization is addressing their welfare and future, they will inevitably proceed in a desired path (Eisenberger et al. 1986). Employees who experience a great deal of perceived organizational support will feel that they should develop appropriate behaviors in response to their related organizations to act in line with the objectives of their organizations. In this way, they can compensate for the support provided by their respective organizations (Eisengerger et al. 1997). Definition of organizational citizenship behavior
3 According to Oregon (1988), organizational citizenship behaviors are those behaviors that are done by individual desire and will and are not, directly or explicitly, appreciated by a formal organizational reward system. However, they will improve the effective performance. Accordingly, Oregon model was used to examine organizational citizenship behavior as well as its diverse dimensions. Oregon (1988) proposes a five-dimensional scale of organizational citizenship behavior that has explained the structure of organizational citizenship behavior as follows: 1. Courtesy: It refers to sensitivity to the effectiveness of personal actions on the fate of others. 2. Civic virtue: It represents an individual's participation in social life of organization that includes such behaviors as participation in extracurricular activities, the tendency to read books and magazines, and supporting the development. 3. Work conscience: It includes such behaviors as predetermined requirements set out by the organization in the workplace. 4. Altruism: It refers to useful and beneficial behaviors such as intimacy, empathy, and sympathy to colleagues. 5. Sportsmanship: It refers to patience in the face of inevitable vocational adversity and hardships. Research methodology Regarding this fact that the results from this research can be used in a real organization, this study is of applied type. Furthermore, since this study observes and describes a situation and relationship, it is of descriptive-correlation nature. Besides, this is a field study as well. The population of this study was all employees working in the deputy of urban districts. The total numbers of employees working in these centers in winter 2013 was reported up to 311 personnel. The sample size was estimated 173 individuals using Cochran's formula at 95% confidence level. Regarding the 16 districts surveyed, 192 questionnaires were distributed. Since the population of this study was all employees working in the deputy of urban districts, stratified random sampling was used to collect the required data. In this study, each stratum included that same municipality district. Having used simple random sampling, the sample size was determined proportional to the population of that district and in each district. This study made use of Oregon and Kanovsky Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (1996) and the questionnaire of perceived organizational support derived from the standardized questionnaire of Eisenberger et al. (1986) in order to collect the required data. Face content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. Also, the construct validity of the questionnaire on organizational citizenship behavior was confirmed using factor analysis, and the obtained five factors justified about % of the total variances. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and SPSS software were used to account at the reliability level of this instrument. The following reliability values were obtained respectively: organizational citizenship behavior equal to 0.766, perceived organizational support equal to 0.886, and diverse dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior, including altruism equal to 0.767, work conscience equal to 0.782, sportsmanship equal to 0.755, civic virtue equal to and courtesy equal to Research findings Regarding the total number of 192 distributed questionnaires, 169 questionnaires were returned questionnaires and were statistically analyzed. The results showed that 13 percent of respondents had the diploma or lower than high school education, 14.8 percent had Associate degree, 53.8 percent had B.A., and 18.3 percent had M.A. degrees. Most respondents had over 40 years old and 15 years of employment experiences. The results of one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the two variables of perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior had normal data distribution (p 0.05). Table 1 depicts the value of Pearson's correlation coefficient for the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior (0.399). Actually; this correlation has not been an accidental one and, thus, there has been a direct and significant relationship between these two variables (p<0.01). According to the coefficient of determination, it can be said that perceived organizational support has explained up to 16% of variations in organizational citizenship behavior.
4 Table 1. Correlation coefficient of perceived citizenship behavior POS Pearson.399 ** OCB Correlation Sig. (2-tailed).000 N 169 R 2.16 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2- tailed). Table 2 depicts the value of the correlation coefficients in the relationship between perceived organizational support and diverse dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior. Actually, there is not a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and work conscious and sportsmanship (p 0.01). Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and altruism, civic virtue and courtesy (p<0.01). According to Pearson's correlation coefficient, this factor is directly correlated with these three factors. Table 2. Correlation coefficient between perceived organizational support and diverse dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior Altruis Work Sportsmanshi Civic Courtesy m conscience p virtue Pearson PO S Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Discussion and conclusion The results indicate that there is a direct relationship between employee's perceptions of citizenship behavior. Furthermore, these two variables are positively and significantly related to each other (p<0.01, r=0.399). The results indicate that as the employee's perception of organizational support increases, the degree of organizational citizenship behavior increases (and vice versa). In addition, it perceived organizational support is significantly correlated with altruism, civic virtue and courtesy (p<0.01). According to Pearson's correlation coefficient; this factor is positively correlated with these three factors. It can be said that as the perceived organizational support increases, the degrees of altruism, civic virtue and courtesy increase as well (and vice versa)..223 ** **.373 ** The results of researches conducted by Duffy and Lilly (2013), Cheung (2013), Pohl et al. (2012), Miao (2011), Hemati Nejad et al. (2012), Iraji Naqandar and Hamidi (2013) indicate that there is a significant relationship between perceived citizenship behaviors that is consistent with the findings from this study. Neves and Eisenberger (2014) conducted a study and found that there was a positive relationship between perceived organizational support and risk-taking Actually, organizational support influenced risk-taking Based on the findings from this research and the research results of Neves and Eisenberger (2014), it would be reasonable to conclude that perceived organizational support, organizational citizenship behavior and risk-taking are associated with each other and may explain and justify each other's changes. According to the results from this research, there is a positive and significant
5 relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior. Accordingly, as the employee's perception of organizational support increases, the degree of organizational citizenship behavior increases as well. As such, it is suggested that managers fully explain supportive measures and privileges allocated by organizations to their employees in order to dedicate a best perception on organizational support of the part of employees. Furthermore, appropriate and timely notification must be done properly to achieve a better understanding on organizational support Since the municipality is a large organization, improving the level of support from directors, managers and supervisors of various departments can be considered as one of most effective programs to increase the level of perceived support. Transmission of support from high levels of organization to the central levels and, then, to direct directors of employees will enhance the perceived organizational support of the part of employees because the support of direct superiors increases the levels of perceptions on support of the part of organization. This is because employees tend to generalize the behavior of their superiors to the entire organization and think that their support is equal to organizational support Accordingly, organizations should support their directors, managers and supervisors and ask them to support their employees. The establishment of appropriate reward systems leads to increase in perceived organizational support and increase in employee's satisfaction. Accordingly, workplace becomes a suitable environment. Therefore, employees should be directed towards doing extra-role behaviors and organizational citizenship behaviors. References Ahmadi, B. The relationship between value systems and organizational citizenship behaviors and perceptions on organizational justice (case study: employees of Isfahan Municipality). Unpublished M. A. thesis. Faculty of Educational Sciences. Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch. [2013]. Bienstock CC, Demoranville WC, Smith KR. Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Service Quality. Journal of Services Marketing, 17: , [2003]. Cheung MFY. The mediating role of perceived organizational support in the effects of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34: , [2013]. Davila MC, Finkelstein MA. Organizational citizenship behavior and well-being: preliminary results. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 3: 45-51, [2013]. Duffy JA, Lilly J. Do individual needs moderate the relationships between organizational citizenship behavior, organizational trust and perceived organizational support? Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 14: , [2013]. Eisenberger R, Huntington R, Hutchison S, Sowa D. Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71: , [1986]. Eisenberger R, Huntington R, Hutchison S. Perceived organizational support: Further evidence of construct validity. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 57: , [1997]. Hemati Nejad, M., Hamidi, M., and Allah Yari, M. The relationship between perceived citizenship behavior among experts working in National Olympic Academy and Paralympic Academy in Iran. Journal of Sport Management. 43: 13-27, [2012]. Iraji Naqandar, R., and Hamidi, M. The relationship between perceived citizenship behavior among employees of Sport and Youth General Office of Mazandaran province. Journal of Sport Management Studies. 5: 81-97, [2013]. Miao RT. Perceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction, Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in China. Institute of Behavioral and Applied Management, 1: , [2011]. Neves P, Eisenberger R. Perceived organizational support and risk taking. Journal of
6 Managerial Psychology. 29: , [2014]. Organ DW. Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Available from: [1988]. Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Paine JB, Bachrach DG. Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 6: , [2000]. Pohl S, Santo LD, Battistelli A. Perceived organizational support, job characteristics and intrinsic motivation as antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviors of nurses. Revue International de Psychology Social, 25: 39-52, [2012]. Raub S. Dose bureaucracy Kill individual initiative? The impact of structure on organizational citizenship behavior in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27: , [2008]. Russell C, Marie M. Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31: , [2005]. Sobhani Nejad, M., Yuzbashi, A., and Shateri, K. Organizational citizenship behavior (theoretical foundations, related subjects and assessment tools). 1st ed. Tehran: Yastaroon Publications, [2010]. Zare, H. The role of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance. Journal of Management Culture, 6: , [2004].
ijcrb.webs.com INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS DECEMBER 2013 VOL 5, NO 8
STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR ATTRIBUTES (CASE STUDY: REGISTRY OF DEEDS AND LANDED-ESTATE PROPERTIES IN Abstract ISFAHAN PROVINCE) Marzieh
More informationThe Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational Performance of Mellat Bank Personnel in Tehran
Journal of Management Sciences. Vol., 1 (11), 340-346, 2015 Available online at http://www.jmsjournal.com ISSN 2149-3324 2015 The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Organizational
More informationAn Investigation of the Relationship between Social Loafing and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Scien ce s 99 ( 2013 ) 206 215 9 th International Strategic Management Conference An Investigation of the Relationship
More information,0% 51,0% Education Doctorate Degree Master Degree Bachelor Diploma Senior High School
The role of training, coaching, mentoring, counselling, and Workplace Well-being to Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (A study in Banking organization in Indonesia) Wustari Mangundjaya Faculty of Psychology,
More informationSurvey Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
International Journal of Management Academy (2014), 2 (3): 1-8 Received: July 2014 Accepted: August 2014 Copyright 2014 by IJOMA Survey Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship
More informationORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION ABSTRACT
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTRINSIC MOTIVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS OF SANANDAJ CITY AKRAM ABBAS ZADEH 1, JALIL MORADI* 2 AND KOROSH VEISI 2 1 Department of Physical
More informationASIAN JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Online Open Access publishing platform for Management Research
Online Open Access publishing platform for Management Research Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0 Research Article ISSN 2229 3795 The relationship between Organizational
More informationEVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB BURNOUT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: A STUDY OF INDUSTRY, MINE AND TRADE ORGANIZATION EMPLOYEES
EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB BURNOUT AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: A STUDY OF INDUSTRY, MINE AND TRADE ORGANIZATION EMPLOYEES Rahil Kazemi Talachi 1, 2*, Mohammad Bagher Gorji 3 1
More informationInvestigation of relationship between leadership style of exploitative authoritative,
Available online at http://www.ijashss.com International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science Volume 1, Issue 6, 2013: 701-705 Investigation of relationship between leadership style
More informationThe relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Human Resources Empowerment (HRE) Case study: University of Isfahan (Iran)
The relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Human Resources Empowerment (HRE) Case study: University of Isfahan (Iran) 1 Nahid Naderi, 2 Reza Hoveida, 1 PhD student of educational
More informationInternational Research Journal of Management Sciences. Vol., 4 (1), 58-66, 2016 Available online at ISSN X 2016
International Research Journal of Management Sciences. Vol., 4 (1), 58-66, 2016 Available online at http://www.irjmsjournal.com ISSN 2147-964X 2016 The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior
More informationThe Effect of Factors Affecting Social Behavior and Prosocial Behavior (Case Study: City of Steel of Mobarakeh)
The Effect of Factors Affecting Social Behavior and Prosocial Behavior (Case Study: City of Steel of Mobarakeh) Mashallah Valikhani, Ph.D. Assistant professor, Management Department, lamic Azad University,
More informationDeterminants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior; a Study in a Research and Educational Organization in Iran
Available online at www.behaviorsciences.com Reef Resources Assessment and Management Technical Paper ISSN: 1607-7393 RRAMT 2014- Vol. 40, 2014, 1 Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior; a
More informationThe relationship between spiritual leadership and vertical organizational trust
Journal of Scientific Research and Development 2 (5): 166-171, 2015 Available online at www.jsrad.org ISSN 1115-7569 2015 JSRAD The relationship between spiritual leadership and vertical organizational
More informationSTUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT Hajieh Rajabi Farjad (Corresponding Author) Student of Public Management, Islamic Azad University, Young Researchers Club,
More informationThe Impact of Perceived Organizational Support Through the Mediating Role of Psychological Contract Violation on Work Outcomes
Shiraz Journal of System Management Vol 3, No. 4, Ser. 12 (Year 2015), 045-058 The Impact of Perceived Organizational Support Through the Mediating Role of Psychological Contract Violation on Work Outcomes
More informationInvestigating the Impact of Employee s Empowerment on Their Job Satisfaction (Case Study: Tejarat Bank, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran)
Investigating the Impact of Employee s Empowerment on Their Job Satisfaction (Case Study: Tejarat Bank, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran) Hasan Sobhani* Department of Management, Master of Human Resource
More informationThe Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees Self-efficacy
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2015 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 9 (8): 1328-1339 Science Explorer Publications The Effect of Transformational
More informationThe Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees Self-efficacy
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2015 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 9 (8): 1328-1339 Science Explorer Publications The Effect of Transformational
More informationInvestigating the Effect of Job Alienation on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Branches of Sepah Bank in Shahreza and Dehaghan as Case Study)
Investigating the Effect of Job Alienation on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Branches of Sepah Bank in Shahreza and Dehaghan as Case Study) Mashallah Valikhani, PhD Assistant Professor, Management
More informationRelationship between Empowerment, Teamwork, and. Job Satisfaction of Municipalities employees at North Khorasan Province, Iran1
Relationship between Empowerment, Teamwork, and Job Satisfaction of Municipalities employees at North Khorasan Province, Iran1 Corresponding author Ebrahim Akrami* 2 Department of Management, Aliabad katoul
More informationReplications and Refinements
The Journal of Social Psychology, 2008, 2009, 148(2), 149(1), xxx xxx 119 124 Copyright 2008 2009 Heldref Publications Replications and Refinements Under this heading are brief reports of studies providing
More informationThe Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior
The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Work Behavior Hafidz, S. W. M. 1, Hoesni, S. M. 1 & Fatimah, O. 1 1 School of Psychology and Human Development, Faculty
More informationA Study of Component Gender in Job Satisfaction of University Lecturers
Ref: 6.16 Type: Working Paper Stream: Gendered Issues in HRD A Study of Component Gender in Job Satisfaction of University Lecturers Ali Hajiha Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch Iran. a_hajiha@iau-tnb.ac.ir
More informationThe Relationship between Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Productivity (Education Organization of Sistan and Baluchestan)
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2015 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 9 (7): 1127-1131 Science Explorer Publications The Relationship between Job Involvement,
More informationORGINAL ARTICLE. Yousefi Bahram a, Naghshbandi Salah* b
Journal of Research in Applied sciences. Vol., 1(3): 58-62, 2014 Available online at http://www.jrasjournal.com ISSN 2148-6662 Copyright 2014 ORGINAL ARTICLE Assessment of Staff s Readiness For European
More informationThe Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Social Capitals in Education Organization of Guilan Province
4153 J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(4)4153-4158, 2012 2012, TextRoad Publication ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research www.textroad.com The Relationship between Transformational
More informationAssessing the Implementation of Total Quality Management in Education Administration Institutions in Central Province, Sri Lanka.
Assessing the Implementation of Total Quality Management in Education Administration Institutions in Central Province, Sri Lanka M. W. M. Abeykoon 1 and Chamaru De Alwis 2 2 Department of Human Resource
More informationA Review of the Research on Perceived Organizational Support
International Business Research; Vol. 8, No. 10; 2015 ISSN 1913-9004 E-ISSN 1913-9012 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education A Review of the Research on Perceived Organizational Support
More information1. Introduction. Rizwan Qaiser Danish 1, *, Asad Afzal Humayon 2, Ahmad Usman Shahid 3, Hafiz Waqas Ahmad 4, Ghulam Murtaza 4
American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Vol. 1, No. 3, 2015, pp. 195-199 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ajefm Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Citizenship
More informationThe Relationship between Cognitive Empowerment and Efficiency Strengthening Factors of Faculty Members of Zanjan Universities
International Research Journal of Management Sciences. Vol., 1 (4), 93-97, 2013 Available online at http://www.irjmsjournal.com ISSN 2147-964x 2013 The Relationship between Cognitive Empowerment and Efficiency
More informationExplaining the Relation between Organizational Commitment and Dimensions of Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Explaining the Relation between Organizational Commitment and Dimensions of Organizational Citizenship Behavior Case study: Textile Factories in Borujerd County DR. JAVAD MEHRABI * MEHRDAD ALEMZADEH **
More informationInfluences of the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Organizational Commitments on the Effects of Organizational Learning in Taiwan
2010 International Conference on E-business, Management and Economics IPEDR vol.3 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Hong Kong Influences of the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Organizational Commitments
More informationRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK ETHICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT WITH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN WORK PLACE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK ETHICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT WITH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN WORK PLACE Saber Mostafa, *Parivash Nourbakhsh and Mahvash Noorbakhsh College of Physical Education and Sport
More informationStudy of the relationship between job satisfaction and service quality: A Case study in Tejarat Bank in Amol, Iran
European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2013; www.european-science.com Vol.2, No.3 Special Issue on Accounting and Management. ISSN 1805-3602 Study of the relationship between job satisfaction
More informationAnalysis of Private Brand Purchase Intention (Case Study: ETKA Chain Stores)
Analysis of Private Brand Purchase Intention (Case Study: ETKA Chain Stores) Bahareh Ahmadinejad, MSc in Management, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Qazvin Branch, Marketing, Qazvin, Iran, b.ahmadinejad@qiau.ac.ir
More informationRelationship between participatory management and teacher s organizational commitment
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2013 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 4 (2): 471-476 Science Explorer Publications Relationship between participatory
More informationMohammad Rashed 1, Seyed Mohammad Noe Pasand Asil 2. World Essays Journal / 3 (2): 81-85, Available online at www. worldessaysj.
World Essays Journal / 3 (2): 81-85, 2015 2015 Available online at www. worldessaysj.com The role of relationship marketing activities and Quality of Relationship on maintain long-term relationship with
More informationThe Relationship between Levels of Motivation and Staff s Productivity of Sport and Youth Organization in Ardebil, Iran
Turkish Journal of Scientific Research. Vol., 3 (2), 37-42, 2016 Available online at http://www.tjsrjournal.com ISSN 2148-5135 2016 The Relationship between Levels of Motivation and Staff s Productivity
More informationThe Relationship between Organizational Structure of Department of Education and the Personnel s Job Satisfaction
International Research Journal of Management Sciences. Vol., 2 (2), 49-54, 204 Available online at http://www.irjmsjournal.com ISSN 274-964x 204 The Relationship between Organizational Structure of Department
More informationAvailable online at Scholars Research Library
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Sports and Exercise Science, 2014, 3 (2):39-44 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN: 2278 005X Structural equation
More informationPerceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance: An Chinese Empirical Study
J. Service Science & Management, 2010, 3, 257-264 doi:10.4236/jssm.2010.32031 Published Online June 2010 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jssm) Perceived Organizational Support, Job Satisfaction and Employee
More informationExamining the Impact of Internal Marketing on Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Examining the Impact of Internal Marketing on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Mehdi Abzari Professor of Management, Department of Management, Isfahan University, Iran E-mail: mabzari@yahoo.com Tohid
More informationPh.D. Hassan ghorbani Assistant professor, Management Department, Islamic Azad University, Branch of Mobarakeh, Iran
The impact of supplier integration on customer integration and new product performance: The mediating role of manufacturing flexibility (Case study: IRANKhodro Co.) Ph.D. Hassan ghorbani Assistant professor,
More informationEffect of Organizational Factors on Development of Export Market- Oriented in Food Industry Companies
Effect of Organizational Factors on Development of Export Market- Oriented in Food Industry Companies 1.Mona Hasanzadeh, MA in Business management, Naragh Branch,Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran. 2.
More informationEFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE ON TEACHERS JOB SATISFACTION: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AT SELF FINANCING ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGES IN VELLORE DISTRICT
Man In India, 96 (9) : 2735-2743 Serials Publications EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE ON TEACHERS JOB SATISFACTION: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AT SELF FINANCING ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGES IN VELLORE DISTRICT
More informationProcedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 205 ( 2015 ) th World conference on Psychology Counseling and Guidance, May 2015
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 205 ( 2015 ) 247 253 6th World conference on Psychology Counseling and Guidance, 14-16 May 2015 The Relationship
More informationA Survey of the Relationship between Market- Orientation and Developing the New Services and Financial Performance of Post Banks of Ilam City
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2013 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 6 (1): 58-62 Science Explorer Publications A Survey of the Relationship between
More informationAvailable online ISSN: Society for Business and Management Dynamics
An exchange perspective of job satisfaction: A study of banking sector of Pakistan Muhammad Zeeshan Shaukat* 1, Dr. Aslan Amat Senin* 2 and Ishfaq Ahmed* 3 Abstract Satisfaction of employees with their
More informationThe Impact of Organizational Justice on Employee s Job Satisfaction: The Malaysian Companies Perspectives
American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 2 (1): 56-63, 2010 ISSN 1945-5488 2010 Science Publications The Impact of Organizational Justice on Employee s Job Satisfaction: The Malaysian
More informationThe Effect of Rewards and Motivating on Maintaining and Keeping Human Resources Case study in Amin hospital (Isfahan) and Alassad Aljameie (Lattakia)
The Effect of Rewards and Motivating on Maintaining and Keeping Human Resources Case study in Amin hospital (Isfahan) and Alassad Aljameie (Lattakia) Mohammad Kazem Emadzade Associate Professor of the
More informationThe Association between Training and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Digital World
IBIMA Publishing http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/cibima/cibima.html Vol. 2011 (2011), Article ID 448699, 11 pages DOI: 10.5171/2011.448699 The Association between Training and Organizational Citizenship
More informationKeywords: TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, REWARDS, AND OCB.
THE EFECT Of TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, REWARD TO ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP OF EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR AT PT BARATA INDONESIA (PERSERO) Benny Hutahayan 1, Endang Siti Astuti 2, Kusdi
More informationThe Relationship of Empowerment and Job Satisfaction with Productivity of Employees of Education System in Ahwaz
The Relationship of Empowerment and Job Satisfaction with Productivity of Employees of Education System in Ahwaz Karim Amir Chehrazi Department of Governmental Management College of Human Science, Saveh
More informationStudy of the relationship between Knowledge Sharing Culture and Job Satisfaction (Case Study: Bank Sepah Branches in Shriraz, Iran)
International Academic Institute for Science and Technology International Academic Journal of Economics Vol. 4, No. 3, 2017, pp. 29-36. ISSN 2454-2474 International Academic Journal of Economics www.iaiest.com
More informationThe Role of Organizational Spirituality in Citizenship Behavior in Agriculture Organization
International Journal of Basic Sciences & Applied Research. Vol., 3 (SP), 152-159, 2014 Available online at http://www.isicenter.org ISSN 2147-3749 2014 The Role of Organizational Spirituality in Citizenship
More informationINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION IN EMPLOYEES EMPOWERMENT (EVIDENCE FROM IRAN)
I J A B E R, Vol. 13, No. 5, (015): 3195-303 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION IN EMPLOYEES EMPOWERMENT (EVIDENCE FROM IRAN) Fariz Taheri Kia * and Tahereh Barzegar * Abstract: Today employees are the
More informationInvestigating the determinants of brand equity using Aaker model (Case Study: products of Automobile Anti-Theft System)
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 10/ January 2015 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.1 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Investigating the determinants of brand equity using Aaker model
More informationThe Effects of Job Crafting on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Evidence from Egyptian Medical Centers
International Business Research; Vol. 7, No. 6; 2014 ISSN 1913-9004 E-ISSN 1913-9012 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Effects of Job Crafting on Organizational Citizenship Behavior:
More information2. LITERATURE REVIEW. Total quality management dimensions in nongovernmental sectors come in table (1) according to quality experts as follow:
Service Quality Measurement in the Public Sector (Ilam Province Post Office Case Studies) 1 Fariba Azizzadeh, 2 Karam Khalili, 3 Iraj Soltani 1 Department of Management Esfahan, Science and Research Branch,
More informationStudying the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Dimensions and Job Performance (The Case of University of Isfahan s Employees)
Studying the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Dimensions and Job Performance (The Case of University of Isfahan s Employees) Sayyed Mohsen Allameh Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Faculty
More informationReceived: 4 th Feb-2014 Revised: 28 th Feb-2014 Accepted: 4 th Mar-2014 Research article
Received: 4 th Feb-2014 Revised: 28 th Feb-2014 Accepted: 4 th Mar-2014 Research article STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS TENDENCY TO ESTABLISH PRODUCTION COOPERATIVES BY FACTOR ANALYSIS IN MAHABAD (WEST
More informationTo Study the Impact of Word of Mouth Communication to the Purchase of Home Appliance Products in North Tehran
To Study the Impact of Word of Mouth Communication to the Purchase of Home Appliance Products in North Tehran Alireza Valojerdi Department of Management, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University,
More informationAnalyzing the Effect of Consumers Perception of Brand Personality on Purchase Intention (Case study: Maz Maz Company)
Analyzing the Effect of Consumers Perception of Personality on Purchase Intention (Case study: Maz Maz Company) Kamran Kalantari 1, Farzaneh Khalili 2 1, 2 Department of Humanities, Abhar Branch, Islamic
More informationTeachers' organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational identification in public and private preschools
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 174 ( 2015 ) 1176 1182 INTE 2014 Teachers' organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational identification
More informationOrganizational Commitment. Schultz, 1
Organizational Commitment Schultz, 1 Schultz, 2 Organizational Commitment Organizational commitment has an important place in the study of organizational behavior. This is in part due to the vast number
More informationSTRATEGIC THINKING AND SERVICES QUALITY AT MELLAT BANK
STRATEGIC THINKING AND SERVICES QUALITY AT MELLAT BANK Saeed Jabraeeli 1 Department of Management, Germi Brach, Islamic Azad University, Germi, Iran Dr. Shahram Mirzaei Daryani Department of Management,
More informationEMPLOYEES EMPOWERMENT IN ORGANIZATION
EMPLOYEES EMPOWERMENT IN ORGANIZATION Nima Kanani 1, Bijan Shafiei 2 1 M.A. Student of Executive Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran 2 Assistante Professor Department of Public
More informationThe Caspian Sea Journal ISSN:
Available online at http://www.csjonline.org/ The Caspian Sea Journal ISSN: 1578-7899 Volume 10, Issue 1, Supplement 1 (2016) 107-113 The Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship between and
More informationInvestigating the Relationship between Talent Management Strategy and Career Path of Principals of Schools in Shahr-e-Kord
Investigating the Relationship between Talent Management Strategy and Career Path of Principals of Schools in Shahr-e-Kord Zahra Gholipour MA in Educational Administration, Shahrekord Islamic Azad University
More informationOrganizational Citizenship Behavior and Intension to Search and Intention to Leave: A Comparative Study of Thai and Chinese Employees
1 Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Intension to Search and Intention to Leave: A Comparative Study of Thai and Chinese Employees Weidong Qu Dhurakij Pundit Univesrity Abstract This paper investigates
More informationShahid Madani University, Iran. Abstract
International Journal of Basic Sciences & Applied Research. Vol., 3 (11), 781-786, 2014 Available online at http://www.isicenter.org ISSN 2147-3749 2014 A Survey about the Correlation between, Job Satisfaction,
More informationTHE ROLE OF COSO FRAMEWORK IN ACHIEVING STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES IN IRANIAN COMPANIES
I J A B E R, Vol. The, Role No. of 0 COSO (06): Framework 7055-707in Achieving Strategic Objectives in Iranian Companies 7055 THE ROLE OF COSO FRAMEWORK IN ACHIEVING STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES IN IRANIAN COMPANIES
More informationThe Impact of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Malaysian Higher Education
The Impact of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Malaysian Higher Education Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p674 Abstract Roslan Awang 1* Wan Mohd Rashid Wan Ahmad 2 1Kuala Terengganu
More informationEmployee Work Passion Connecting the Dots By Drea Zigarmi, Dobie Houson, David Witt, and Jim Diehl
PERSPECTIVES Employee Work Passion: Volume 3 Employee Work Passion Connecting the Dots By Drea Zigarmi, Dobie Houson, David Witt, and Jim Diehl For years, researchers, organizations, and leaders have been
More informationMediterranean Journal of Social Sciences MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy
The Influence of Organisational Employee Engagement Strategies on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour within Retail Banking. A Case of Amatole District Municipality Doi:10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n6p53 Abstract
More informationDriving Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of the Personnel of Tehran Education Organization, Tehran 2 nd District
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(10): 685-690, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178 Driving Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of the Personnel of Tehran Education Organization, Tehran 2 nd District
More informationKeywords: Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Commitment, Management, Staff
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONG STAFFS WORKING IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION IN KOHGILUYE AND BOYER AHMAD PROVINCE *Habiballah Majidian and Khosro Nazari
More informationThe relationship between organizational learning culture and internal service quality in Iran s Ministry of Sports and Youth
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012, 2 (4):1220-1225 ISSN: 2248 9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU The relationship between organizational learning culture
More informationThe study of influence of strategic orientation and marketing capabilities on performance of branches of public banks (case study: Ilam province)
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2013 Available online at www.irjabs.com ISSN 2251-838X / Vol, 7 (14): 1147-1154 Science Explorer Publications The study of influence of strategic
More informationJ. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 5(6) , , TextRoad Publication
J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 5(6)5-57, 015 015, TextRoad Publication ISSN: 090-474 Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Relationship between Transformational Leadership
More informationThe Relationship between Charismatic Leadership, Work Engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Job Responsibilities
The Relationship between Charismatic Leadership, Work Engagement, and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Job Responsibilities Muhammad Ikram Ul Haq Yasir Aftab Farooqi Muhammad Ahmad Abstract This
More informationEFFECT OF EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONGST ACADEMIC STAFF IN THE
EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AMONGST ACADEMIC STAFF IN THE Lawrence Wainaina* Dr. Mike Iravo* Dr. Anthony Waititu** PRIVATE AND PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
More informationMir Masoum Sohrabi 1*, Saeed Daghighi 2, Roya Mahmoodi 2
Turkish Journal of Scientific Research. Vol., 3 (2), 31-36, 2016 Available online at http://www.tjsrjournal.com ISSN 2148-5135 2016 The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Work Force Productivity
More informationTHE IMPACTS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL OUTCOME: STUDY IN SMEs SITI FATIMAH BINTI BUJAL
THE IMPACTS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL OUTCOME: STUDY IN SMEs SITI FATIMAH BINTI BUJAL A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration
More informationThe Relationship between Human Resource Practices and Firm Performance Case Study: The Philippine Firms Empirical Assessment
The Relationship between Human Resource Practices and Firm Performance Case Study: The Philippine Firms Empirical Assessment Bella Llego Abstract This study on The relationship between human resource practices
More informationThe Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Team Performance: The Mediating Effect of Team Conflict
The Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Team Performance: The Mediating Effect of Team Conflict Nishad Nawaz 1,* & Anjali Mary Gomes 1 1 College of Business Administration, Department
More informationA MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF TEAM CLIMATE AND INTERPERSONAL EXCHANGE RELATIONSHIPS AT WORK
A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF TEAM CLIMATE AND INTERPERSONAL EXCHANGE RELATIONSHIPS AT WORK Herman H. M. Tse, University of Queensland (h.tse@business.uq.edu.au) Marie T. Dasborough, Oklahoma State University
More informationEVALUATING STRATEGIC THINKING IN MANAGERS OF EXECUTIVE ORGANIZATIONS, GUILAN
EVALUATING STRATEGIC THINKING IN MANAGERS OF EXECUTIVE ORGANIZATIONS, GUILAN Sedigheh shadfard 1 *, Reza Nazari 1, Zainab Gholizadeh 1 1*. M.A. of State Management, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch,
More informationOriginal Article The Moderating Role of Power Distance on the Relationship between Employee Participation and Outcome Variables
International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2013, 1(1), 79-83 International Journal of Health Policy and Management Kerman University of Medical Sciences Journal homepage: http://ijhpm.com Original
More informationEXAMINING THE MEDIATING IMPACT OF MOTIVATION IN BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND EMPLOYEES COMMITMENT
72 EXAMINING THE MEDIATING IMPACT OF MOTIVATION IN BETWEEN LEADERSHIP STYLES AND EMPLOYEES COMMITMENT Muhammad Saqib Khan 1, Siraj-ud-Din 2 & Nosheen Khan 3 1 PhD Scholar, Department of Management Sciences,
More informationPerceptional Errors: Personality and Moderating Role of Age and Gender in Stock Exchanges
IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-issn: 2278-487X, p-issn: 2319-7668. Volume 16, Issue 4. Ver. V (Apr. 2014), PP 77-81 Perceptional Errors: Personality and Moderating Role of and Gender
More informationSURVEYING FACTORS INFLUENCING USER S LOYALTY IN PUBLIC LIBRARIESIN TEHRAN (BASED ON CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM))
SURVEYING FACTORS INFLUENCING USER S LOYALTY IN PUBLIC LIBRARIESIN TEHRAN (BASED ON CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM)) *Mojgan Sheikhlo 1, Faride Rafiee Moghadam 2 and Shokoh Tafreshi 3 1 Department
More informationRelation between EFQM and Quality of Work Life and Tendency to Change among Faculty Members
2012, TextRoad Publication ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research www.textroad.com Relation between EFQM and Quality of Work Life and Tendency to Change among Faculty Members (Case
More informationIMPACT OF CORE SELF EVALUATION (CSE) ON JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Yasir IQBAL University of the Punjab Pakistan
IMPACT OF CORE SELF EVALUATION (CSE) ON JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Yasir IQBAL University of the Punjab Pakistan ABSTRACT The focus of this research is to determine the impact of
More informationDoes Marketing Mix Have Effect on Consumers Behavior of Dairy Products?
2012, TextRoad Publication ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research www.textroad.com Does Marketing Mix Have Effect on Consumers Behavior of Dairy Products? Zoleykha Manafzadeh a,
More informationTHE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORK INVOLVEMENT IN A JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND JOB PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORK INVOLVEMENT IN A JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND JOB PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP 1 By: Johanim Johari Khulida Kirana Yahya Abdullah Omar Department of Management Studies College of Business
More informationAssessing the effect of implementation EFQM model in Gachsaran oil and Gas Company
Assessing the effect of implementation EFQM model in Gachsaran oil and Gas Company Ali askar zamani 1, Ali nejat bakhsh Esfahani 2 1.M.A. Student of Business Management, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University,
More informationImpact of Leadership Development on Employees' Performance
International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology Vol. 2 No. 5; August 2012 Impact of Leadership Development on Employees' Performance (Case Study: Employees of Customs Headquarters) Dr. Javad
More informationAntecedents and Outcomes of Employee Benefit Satisfaction: An Updated Model
Antecedents and Outcomes of Employee Benefit Satisfaction: An Updated Model Mel E. Schnake Valdosta State University Previous research on the antecedents and outcomes of employee benefit satisfaction is
More information