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1 SKILL MAP INDIA 2017

2 Aspiring Minds is a global job skills creden aling leader set up with a vision to create a merit driven talent ecosystem and enable efficient job skills matching by cra ing credible and intelligent assessments. The company offers scien fic assessments with an innova ve large-scale sourcing model analogous to a GRE-for-job concept. The state-of-the-art assessment tools developed by Aspiring Minds have been used across industry ver cals to help recruit the right people, develop profile-wise employability benchmarks and assess workforce health. The flagship product AMCAT, is the world s most widely-taken employability test helping over two million candidates find the right jobs every year. Backed by state-of-the-art, adap ve assessment technology and machine learning algorithms - it allows adap ve, standardized and reliable measurement of generic employability skills (language, cogni ve, behaviour) and a wide range of func onal skills using simulated assessments. Aspiring Minds enables job seekers to evaluate their job skills, earn industry recognized creden als and find appropriate career opportuni es. We also help companies drama cally improve their quality and efficiency of hiring and are today associated with more than 3500 corpora ons in sectors as diverse as BFSI, IT, ITeS, Hospitality, Retail, etc. Aspiring Minds is a 500+ people strong organiza on with opera ons in US, China, India, Middle East, Tanzania, Bangladesh, Philippines and Sub-Saharan Africa. The client list includes Sapient, Coca Cola, GE, Genpact, Bank of America, CITI, HCL, Axis Bank, Wipro, Tata Motors, Daimler, HDFC Bank, Microso, MphasiS, DUPONT, Hyundai, ZS Associates, Ericsson, Delloi e, Huawei, John Deere and many more.

3 Table of Contents Introduction 02 Key Insights 03 Methodology 04 I. Skills in demand 05 A. Generic Skills 06 B. Personality Traits 07 C. Domain Skills 08 Appendix II. Job roles in demand A. Job role in highest demand by state III. States with maximum job opportunities A. Open job positions across India B. Open job positions per citizens C. Demand vs. Population IV. Analysis of Deductive Reasoning and Software

4 Introduction Job conundrum exists all around the world. On one hand, there are vacancies which need to be filled and on the other, there are people without jobs. Major reason for this is information gap that prolongs globally. In India, one such gap is the lack of knowledge about the skills and jobs required by the industry in a particular region. It is evident to say that both job seekers and educational institutes can benefit from knowing potential skills and their demand across India. Such insights will give a fair picture to the job seekers about which skills correspond to more jobs and in which state can they utilise those skills to greater extent. Two major doubts among job seekers are: Which skills should I cultivate to find employment in a particular state? In which states and union territories can I most easily find job for a given skill set? Similarly, the training institutions and stakeholders need to understand what is required by the industry in their state and across India. They can streamline their interventions as per the job and skill demand which will influence both curriculum and pedagogy. In turn, design a better industry program. This report answers all such questions through an interactive interface which identifies the demand for 92 job roles and 87 skills across 29 States & 7 Union Territories. The skills included in this study fall primarily into three categories: Generic Skills: These are comprised of foundational cognitive skills such as numerical ability, Information Gathering & Synthesis (IGS), and critical reasoning. These are foundational skills necessary for a large number of jobs in the knowledge economy, at various levels of expertise. Additionally, generic skills also include workplace soft skills such as communication, teamwork and work management. Personality Traits: These include the traits that comprise the big five model of personality, such as agreeableness and conscientiousness. Several global meta-analytic studies1 show that the big five personality traits are significant predictors of performance in jobs that require people interaction. Additionally, we include polychronicity, which refers to the extent to which an individual is comfortable engaging in more than one task simultaneously, and agrees that multi-tasking is a productive work style. Domain Skills: These are skills that are required for doing a particular job effectively: for example, sales situation handling ability for sales roles; software development and web development for coding roles; accounting and banking services for BFSI roles and so on. Domain skills also include accounting, networking and core engineering skills that are relevant to job specific situations to make informed decisions while performing their tasks. 02 Skill Map India 2017

5 Key Insights Aspiring Minds, the global leader in employability assessments, examined the Indian labour market to ascertain demand for 92 job roles and 87 different skill sets in each state. The key findings of the present study are as follows: Software Developers have the highest demand with 9.74% of the total open job share. After Software Developers, job roles such as Sales professionals, Customer Service,, Marketing professionals and Computer Technicians are trending. The most sought after skills include English comprehension, Deductive reasoning and Inductive reasoning. Amongst personality traits, Agreeableness and Extraversion top the chart. This clearly shows that industry demands communication and cognitive skills more than domain expertise. Among domain skills, software development and sales situation handling are highest in-demand in 10 states each out of 24 states with significant number of open job positions. A fairly high percentage of open job positions are in Maharashtra (19.72%), followed by Delhi NCR (16.99%), Karnataka (16.03%) and Tamil Nadu (9.80%). It should be noted that this has been calculated as jobs in a state per total jobs in India. This is commensurate with the booming industry and IT revolution observed in these states. On calculating demand as a function of state population,we find that Chandigarh and Delhi NCR have highest job vacancies with 1054 and 536 open positions per lac citizens respectively. On plotting number of open job positions in a state against its population, the graph does not form a linear curve. States such as Uttar Pradesh & Bihar have lowest open job positions for every 1 lac people, whereas Delhi NCR & Chandigarh have very high demand percent while their population is lower. 03

6 Methodology This report is based on open job positions in India and a mapping of those job roles to the skills required to perform them. Here, we dig deep into the questions related to demand through the creation and development of the Indian Skill Map. This analysis is in the same vein as Aspiring Minds U.S. Skill Map 1 study to objectify the demand for skills and job roles to aid better decision-making by job seekers in US. We have an internal taxonomy of 1266 unique vocational and knowledge roles which has both importance of a particular skill for a given role and level of skill proficiency that the role requires. These job roles are based on O*net s taxonomy of job roles, as well as others inspired by popular professions globally. For the purpose of study, we have picked 367 most trending professions in the knowledge economy in India which are grouped into 92 generic job roles and further mapped to 87 skills required to perform them. For example all job roles related to web development with expertise in various programming languages (C#/PHP) are categorised in one group as web developers. Similarly, all coding skills including back end, front end and full stack development are bracketed as software development. We collected open job positions and skill demand in India through an automated survey of various job portals. The study has examined more than 10 lac open jobs spread across 29 Indian states and 7 Union territories. Each job opening was automatically mapped to a generic role and further to the skills that are required to perform that job. This helped us determine the proportion of open jobs requiring a particular skill in each state. For a given skill, a user can identify the state with highest demand, along with its demand in other states. Furthermore, one can determine the list of job roles which require that skill. Similar demand analysis is done for job roles across India. For instance while searching for marketing skills, the number of open marketing positions in Karnataka out of total open positions requiring it corresponds to its demand in Karnataka. We have also put together an interactive version of the study where a user can search for a skill and job role to unravel its demand in India. Along with this, demand is also calculated as a function of population of Indian States. This will help us unravel the number of open positions in a state per citizens. Using this analysis, we calculated the demand for approximately 92 job roles and 87 skills across 29 states and 7 union territories in India Skill Map India 2017

7 I. Skills in demand Skills with highest demand in India are listed below. Skills Skill Description Demand English Comprehension The ability to understand the written text and communicate effectively through written documents % Deductive Reasoning The ability to make inferences and decide actions based on data containing multiple textual instructions and simple symbolic rules 62.31% Inductive Reasoning The ability to learn and to derive objective rules based on specific instances of a rule s application 45.75% Agreeableness This refers to social conformity, cooperativeness, friendliness, and helpfulness 34.30% Information Gathering and Synthesis The ability to locate relevant information, order and classify data to make rule based deductions 33.74% Extraversion One's inclination towards the outer world. Individuals with high extraversion can be characterized as social and assertive 28.21% Emotional Stability The ability to stay even tempered and face stressful situations without getting upset 22.88% Quantitative Ability It is defined as the ability to understand basic number system, i.e., fractions, decimals, negative, positive, odd, even numbers, etc % Table 1. Skills in highest demand in India The analysis unveils that top eight skills and traits by demand include 1 soft skill, 4 cognitive skills and 3 personality traits. English Comprehension has topped the chart with 100% demand, among all other skills we analyzed across India. Communication in the English language has become an important part of knowledge economy and employees are expected to be competent in this skill, irrespective of the sector in which they work. It is only the level of proficiency that varies from one job to another. A fairly high demand is observed for deductive reasoning (62.31%) and inductive reasoning (45.75%). 05

8 This shows that the Indian labor market seeks a logical bent of mind to match up to the advancements of fast paced global industry. The most in-demand personality trait, Agreeableness amounts to 34.30% of the open job positions. These are generally required for customer centric, sales, and managerial roles. A. Generic Skills Generic Skills Skill Description Demand English Comprehension The ability to understand the written text and communicate effectively through written documents % Deductive Reasoning The ability to make inferences and decide actions based on data containing multiple textual instructions and simple symbolic rules 62.31% Inductive Reasoning The ability to learn and to derive objective rules based on specific instances of a rule s application 45.75% Information Gathering and Synthesis The ability to locate relevant information, order and classify data to make rule based deductions 33.74% Quantitative Ability It is defined as the ability to understand basic number system, i.e., fractions, decimals, negative, positive, odd, even numbers, etc % Table 2: Top Generic Skills As mentioned earlier, generic skills are most in demand because they are essential for a wide range of professions. English Comprehension is the highest ranked generic skill in all 29 states and 7 union territories, followed by cognitive skills Deductive reasoning and Inductive reasoning. 06 Skill Map India 2017

9 B. Personality Traits Personality Traits Trait Description Demand Agreeableness This refers to social conformity, cooperativeness, friendliness, and helpfulness 34.30% Extraversion This is defined as one's inclination towards the outer world. Individuals with high extraversion can be characterized as social and assertive 28.21% Emotional Stability The ability to stay even tempered and face stressful situations without getting upset 22.88% Openness to Experience This refers to the attribute of open-mindedness and a knack for unconventional thinking, while having rich artistic sensibilities and imagination 8.25% Polychronicity This refers to the ability of a person to work on multiple activities at the same time 2.61% Table 3: Top Personality traits The most in-demand personality trait, Agreeableness, is needed on 34.30% of the total open job positions. After agreeableness, extraversion and emotional stability take second and third position. 07

10 C. Domain Skills Domain skills highest in demand in each state are shown below: Top Skill Software Sales Situation IT and Hardware Customer Service Situation a) Heat map of domain skills highest in demand in each state (*States and union territories with insignificant number of open job positions are not included in the map) The given map indicates variation in demand of domains skills across 21 states and 3 union territories. States Software Sales Situation Customer Service Situation Headling IT and Hardware Software development and sales situation handling skills are highest in demand in 10 states each. In this era of globalisation and IT revolution, it is evident to find that India demands more skilled developers and people who can sell their products and/or services in the competitive market. India also needs people trained in IT Hardware and customer situation handling skills b) Number of states with highest demand for each of the listed skill Figure 1: Domain skill in highest demand 08 Skill Map India 2017

11 II. Job roles in demand Job roles in highest demand in India are listed below. Job Roles Demand Software Developer 9.74% Sales 8.17% Customer Service Representative 6.53% 5.74% Marketing 3.52% Computer Technician 3.34% Accounting 3.04% Software Developer : Javascript 2.83% Human Resources 2.80% Software Developer : Java 2.76% Table 4: Job roles in demand We find that software developer, sales, business management, marketing related jobs are currently the most desirable in the Indian job market. These job roles are important part of a successful life cycle of a product, starting from ideology to development and from branding of the product to selling it to the end user. 09

12 Software developer role has the highest demand of 9.74%, among all the job roles we analyzed across India. This shows that Indian market seeks software developers the most to meet the requirements of the fast paced IT industry across the world. Followed by software development role, 8.17% demand is observed for Sales profile and 6.53% for customer service roles. A. Job role in highest demand by state Job role in highest demand in each state are shown below States Job role Software Developer Sales Computer Technician Customer Service Representative a) Heat map of job role highest in demand in each state (*States and union territories with insignificant number of open job positions are not included in the map) Software Sales Situation Customer Service Situation Headling IT and Hardware b) Number of states with highest demand for each of the listed skill Figure 2: Job role in highest demand Sales professional and software development are highest in demand across 20 locations out of 24 with significant open jobs 10 Skill Map India 2017

13 III. States with maximum job opportunities A. Open job positions across India States Population (in lacs) Demand Maharashtra % Delhi NCR % Karnataka % Tamil Nadu % Gujarat % West Bengal % Madhya Pradesh % Uttar Pradesh % Telangana % Kerala % Table 5: States with highest demand by open job positions On ranking states on the basis of demand, Maharashtra bags the top position with 19.72% of total open positions in India. The first and second highest jobs are found in Delhi NCR (16.99%) and Karnataka (16.03%). 11

14 Jobs in Maharashtra, Delhi NCR, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu put together form close to 65% of total open positions. This is because major IT hubs are in these states where skilled workforce is required in large numbers. B. Open job positions per citizens States Population (in lacs) Demand Chandigarh Delhi NCR Karnataka Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Goa Telangana Lakshadweep Gujarat Punjab Table 6: States with highest demand per citizens When demand is calculated as a function of population of a particular state, highest open positions are found in Chandigarh 1054 open positions per lac citizens in Chandigarh Maharashtra drops down to 5th position with 109 open positions per lac citizens. This is due to the fact that Maharashtra is the second most populated state in India. 12 Skill Map India 2017

15 Following the same trend as job role wise demand, Delhi NCR (536 positions per lac citizens) and Karnataka (151 positions per lac citizens) rank second and third, respectively. Though, Delhi NCR has more than 3 times the open positions in Karnataka when calculated with the function of population, while they have similar demand on the basis of total job roles. C. Demand vs. Population 25.00% Demand (open job positions) 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% Delhi NCR Karnataka Maharashtra Chandigarh Tamil Nadu U ar Pradesh 0.00% Rajasthan Bihar Popula on (in lac) Figure 3: Demand vs. Population distribution The above graph shows that when percentage of open job position are plotted against population of a state, the graph obtained is not linear. States such as Uttar Pradesh and Bihar have higher population but low percentage of open job positions. On the other hand, Delhi NCR and Chandigarh have the highest demand percentage for every 1 lac people. Maha rashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are the states with highest percentage of job openings. 13

16 IV. Analysis of Deductive Reasoning and Software For illustration, we analyze two skills in this section. A similar analysis can be done for other skills as well. Deductive Reasoning Deductive Reasoning is the most desired skill required after English Comprehension. Figure (a) shows a heat map of demand and table (b) lists the top 5 states that have the highest demand for deductive reasoning. Demand a) Heat map of the demand for Deductive Reasoning State Demand Maharashtra 19.77% Karnataka 17.46% Delhi NCR 13.69% Deductive Reasoning is the ability to make inferences and decide actions based on data containing multiple textual instructions and simple symbolic rules. Tamil Nadu 10.54% Highest demand of deductive reasoning is observed in Maharashtra (19.77%), followed by Karnataka (17.46%). Gujarat 6.36% b) Top 5 states with highest demand for Deductive Reasoning Figure 4: Heat map of demand for Deductive Reasoning 14 Skill Map India 2017

17 Software Software development is the most desired skill required for programming roles in IT industry. Figure (a) shows the heat map of demand and table (b) lists the top 5 states that have the highest demand for software development. Demand a) Heat map of the demand for Software State Demand Karnataka 17.47% Maharashtra 17.23% Tamil Nadu 12.12% States with main IT cities of India have highest open jobs for software development, with Karnataka ranking first with 17.47% demand across India Delhi NCR 11.11% Gujarat 8.08% b) Top 5 states with highest demand for Deductive Reasoning Figure 5: Heat map of demand for Software 15

18 APPENDIX Top skills by demand The table below shows the top 3 domain skills and its demand across various states in India calculated as a function of total job openings in a particular state: State * Skill 1 Demand% Skill 2 Demand% Skill 3 Demand% Andhra Pradesh IT and Hardware 8.78 Assam Bihar Managerial Skills Marke ng Marke ng 8.02 Managerial Skills 7.22 Chandigarh Chha sgarh IT and Hardware 6.40 Accoun ng and Banking Services Managerial Skills 8.86 Delhi NCR Customer Service Situa on Goa Managerial Skills Gujarat Managerial Skills 7.16 Haryana IT and Hardware Managerial Skills 9.23 Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Managerial Skills Accoun ng and Banking Services 6.06 Jharkhand IT and Hardware Office Administra on Karnataka Managerial Skills 7.22 * States and union territories with insignificant number of total open job positions are not included 16 Skill Map India 2017

19 State * Skill 1 Demand% Skill 2 Demand% Skill 3 Demand% Kerala Managerial Skills 5.70 Madhya Pradesh Javascript 7.63 Maharashtra Managerial Skills 9.77 Orissa Managerial Skills 8.09 Punjab IT and Hardware 7.35 Rajasthan Managerial Skills 7.37 Tamil Nadu Managerial Skills 5.65 Telangana U ar Pradesh U arakhand Managerial Skills 6.91 IT and Hardware Managerial Skills Managerial Skills West Bengal Customer Service Situa on * States and union territories with insignificant number of total open job positions are not included 17

20 Top job roles by demand The table below shows the top 3 job roles and its demand across various states in India calculated as a function of total job openings in a particular state: State * Job role 1 Demand% Job role 2 Demand% Job role 3 Demand% Andhra Pradesh Developer 9.57 Sales 9.37 Assam Sales Bihar Sales Chandigarh Developer Sales 6.85 Chha sgarh Sales Delhi NCR Sales 9.67 Developer 8.31 Goa Financial Services Manager Marke ng Marke ng Sales Financial Services Manager 5.69 Gujarat Developer Sales 8.13 Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Sales Sales 8.16 Developer Sales Teaching Karnataka Developer Sales 6.06 Computer Technician * States and union territories with insignificant number of total open job positions are not included 18 Skill Map India 2017

21 State * Job 1 Demand% Job 2 Demand% Job 3 Demand% Kerala Developer Sales 9.01 Madhya Pradesh Developer Sales 7.40 Maharashtra Sales 9.01 Developer 8.77 Orissa Sales Puducherry (Pondicherry) 6.90 Developer 6.24 : Javascript Developer Developer Punjab Developer Sales 6.77 Rajasthan Sales Developer Tamil Nadu Developer Sales 7.08 Telangana Developer Sales 6.53 U ar Pradesh Sales U arakhand West Bengal Sales Developer Sales Developer 5.23 Customer Service Representa ve 9.82 Developer 7.08 * States and union territories with insignificant number of total open job positions are not included 19

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