Johan G Nel Centre for Environmental Management. North-West University Potchefstroom Campus Private Bag X6001 POTCHEFSTROOM 2520

Transcription

1 Unpacking potential challenges to EMS auditors when auditing some of the innovations of the third, or 2015 revision of the ISO environmental management system standard SAATCA Conference: 2015, Pretoria Johan G Nel Centre for Environmental Management North-West University Potchefstroom Campus Private Bag X6001 POTCHEFSTROOM 2520 CEM-07.1 Course Revision Tel: +27 (0) Fax: +27 (0) johan.nel@nwu.ac.za Web Address: 1

2 Items addressed The new structure New items EMS scope Life cycle thinking Strategic environmental management The context Needs and expectations of interested parties Risks and opportunities 2

3 Items addressed Conformance vs. a performance based management system Effectiveness Intended outcomes of the EMS Indicators Planning action multiple instrument options Manage change Leadership commitment Protecting the environment EMS auditor competence Transition arrangements 3

4 Items addressed If we have the time The status of notes New terminologies 4

5 ISO The new structure CEM-07.1 Course Revision

6 A new model and structure 6

7 The ISO 14001: 2014 Structure 7

8 Discussion and Questions 8

9 ISO New items CEM-07.1 Course Revision

10 ISO 10

11 Auditing impacts CEM-07.1 Course Revision

12 New terminologies and concepts How do you as auditor respond to the following? See A2 There is no requirement in this International Standard for its structure and terminology to be applied to the documentation of an organization's environmental management system. There is no requirement for the terms used by an organization to be replaced by the terms used in this International Standard to specify environmental management system requirements. Organizations can chose to use terms which suit their operations, for example using "records", "documentation", "protocols" rather than "documented information" 12

13 Discussion and Questions 13

14 The scope of the EMS CEM-07.1 Course Revision

15 The EMS scope New very specific requirements to be read with The life cycle perspective 15

16 The EMS scope 4.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management system The organization shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the environmental management system to establish its scope. When determining this scope, the organization shall consider: the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1; the compliance obligations referred to in 4.2; its organizational unit(s), function(s), and physical boundaries; its activities, products and services; its authority and ability to exercise control and influence. 16

17 The EMS scope 3.3 Management systems Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management system may include the whole of the organization, specific and identified functions of the organization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a group of organizations. 17

18 The EMS scope A4.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management system An organization has the freedom and flexibility to define its boundaries. It may choose to implement this International Standard with respect to the entire organization, or to (a) specific part(s) of the organization, as long as the top management of that part of the organization has authority for establishing an environmental management system. 18

19 The EMS scope 4.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management system Once the scope is defined, all activities, products and services of the organization within that scope need to be included in the environmental management system. The scope shall be maintained as documented information and be available to interested parties. 19

20 The EMS scope A4.3 Continued In setting the scope, the credibility of the environmental management system will depend upon the choice of organizational boundaries. The organization considers the degree of control or influence that it can exert over activities, products and services considering a life cycle perspective. 20

21 The EMS scope A4.3 Continued Scoping should not be used to exclude activities, products, services, or facilities that have or can have significant environmental aspects, or to evade its compliance obligations. The scope should be factual and representative of the organization s operations included within its environmental management system boundaries so that it does not mislead interested parties. 21

22 The EMS scope 3.2 Top management Note 2 to entry: If the scope of the management system (3.3) covers only part of an organization, then top management refers to those who direct and control that part of the organization. 22

23 Life cycle thinking CEM-07.1 Course Revision

24 Life cycle thinking Definition 3.3 consecutive and interlinked stages of a product (or service) system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include acquisition of raw materials, design, production, transportation/ delivery, use, end-of-life treatment and final disposal. 24

25 Life cycle thinking 0.2 Aim of the EMS controlling or influencing the way the organization s products and services are designed, manufactured, distributed, consumed and disposed by using a life cycle perspective that can prevent environmental impacts from being unintentionally shifted elsewhere within the life cycle; 25

26 Life cycle thinking 1. Scope This International Standard is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, and applies to the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that the organization determines it can either control or influence considering a life cycle perspective. 26

27 Life cycle thinking Environmental aspects Within the defined scope of the environmental management system, the organization shall determine the environmental aspects of its activities, products and services that it can control and those that it can influence, and their associated environmental impacts, considering a life cycle perspective. 27

28 Life cycle thinking 8.1 Operational planning and control Consistent with a life cycle perspective, the organization shall: a) establish controls as appropriate, to ensure that its environmental requirement(s) is (are) addressed in the design and development process for the product or service, considering each stage of its life cycle; 28

29 Life cycle thinking 8.1 Operational planning and control Consistent with a life cycle perspective, the organization shall: d) consider the need to provide information about potential significant environmental impacts associated with the transportation or delivery, use, endof-life treatment and final disposal of its products and services. 29

30 Challenges to EMS auditors The more explicit EMS scope requirements can challenge auditors Auditors need to verify the life cycle perspective 30

31 Discussion and Questions 31

32 Strategic environmental management CEM-07.1 Course Revision

33 Strategic environmental management Increased prominence of environmental management within the organisation's strategic planning processes A new requirement (clause 4 and 6.1) is introduced 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context 4.2 Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties 6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities 33

34 Understand the organisation and its context CEM-07.1 Course Revision

35 Clause 4.1 understand the organisation and its context Note: Issues affect the EMS and achievement of intended outcomes Note: Environmental conditions affect the organisation 35

36 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Determine the External issues and Internal issues That are relevant to its purpose That affects its ability to achieve the intended outcomes of the EMS Environmental conditions Being affected by the organisation (environmental impacts) or Capable of affecting the organisation 36

37 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Internal issues can include activities, products services, strategic direction, culture capabilities people, knowledge, processes, Operational Management system processes and interactions (see 4.4) systems 37

38 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Internal issues can include Organisational units functions and physical boundaries Authority and ability to exercise control or influence That pose risks and opportunities That can affect the organisation and the outcomes of the EMS` 38

39 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context External issues can include Cultural, social, and political, Legal and regulatory, Financial and economic Technological, Natural and Competitive context, That pose risks and opportunities That can affect the organisation and the outcomes of the EMS` 39

40 Clause 4.1 understand the organisation and its context 40

41 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Environmental conditions such as climate, air and water quality, land use, existing contamination, natural resource availability, biodiversity, etc. That pose risks and opportunities That can affect the organisation and the outcomes of the EMS and the those conditions that can be affected by the organisation` - the environmental impacts 41

42 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Issues are important Topics for the organisation Problems for debate and discussion Changing circumstances that Affect the organisation's ability to achieve the intended outcomes of the EMS 42

43 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Note these issues and conditions Affect or can effect the Achievement of the intended outcomes of the EMS and/or Organisation While the organisation can also affect the environmental conditions Pose Risks and opportunities that Need to be managed in terms of Clauses and

44 Annexure A4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Get a high level conceptual understanding Of all the issues that can affect Positively (opportunities) Negatively (threats) The ability to achieve the intended outcomes of the EMS, or The organisation These issues, translate as risks and opportunities that need to be managed 44

45 Annexure A4.1 Understand the Note organisation and its context The high level conceptual understanding entails A high level or strategic level analysis by The top management of the organisation Note the definition of an 'organisation' in the 2015 version of the standard 45

46 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Note this is a new requirement that requires additional work to the 2004 standard The purpose is to align and integrate the EMS with the business Processes Strategies 46

47 Clause 4.1 Understand the organisation and its context Recommendation High level brainstorming SWOT session with the leadership team Record the outputs Internal issues External issues Environmental conditions Interested party needs (See Module 3.2) Emergency conditions 47

48 Discussion and Questions 48

49 Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties CEM-07.1 Course Revision

50 Clause 4.1 understand needs and expectations Once adopted, they become discretionary compliance obligations 50

51 Clause 4.2 Needs and expectations of Determine the interested parties Interested parties relevant to the EMS Relevant needs and expectations Which of the needs and expectations are adopted to become compliance obligations And are managed as external issues, i.e. threats and opportunities 51

52 Annexure A4.2 Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties Gain a general, high level understanding of Known, expressed and relevant needs of Internal and External interested parties As determined and voluntarily adopted by the organisation As compliance obligations A more detailed analysis of compliance obligations is done in in terms of Clause Documented evidence can be generated in terms of Clause

53 Annexure A4.2 Understand the needs and expectations of interested parties The high level knowledge gained in clause 4.2 needs to be used as an input to clauses 4.3 Determining the scope of the EMS 4.4 The life cycle of the EMS 6.1 Risks and opportunities While a more detailed analysis is done in terms of clause

54 Clause 4.2 Needs and expectations of interested parties Note, the 2015 text has a more explicit duty to Determine the interested parties Determine the needs and expectations when compared to the 2004 text Decide which needs and expectations are to be adopted to become compliance obligations 54

55 Discussion and Questions 55

56 Actions to address risk and opportunity CEM-07.1 Course Revision

57 Let us consider these concepts 3.18 Risk = the effect of uncertainty The effect is the deviation from the expected, i.e. the unknown or uncertainty The unknown needs to be Discovered and Assessed i.e. the uncertainty must be made certain 57

58 Let us consider these concepts The unknown can Harm the organisation (threats, hazards or perils) Benefit the organisation opportunities Often the way the organisation sees an issue determines if it is a: Threat or opportunity 58

59 Let us consider these concepts Example the organisation generates polluted process water As a threat this process water can be seen to Pollute ground water negative environmental impact Pollute surface water and impact on down stream users resulting in civil claims negative environmental impact Potential for prosecution and negative effect on the organisation Criminal liability Reputational loss etc. 59

60 Let us consider these concepts As an opportunity when treating this polluted water to technical operational specifications will have the following positive effects on the organisation Financial savings Prevention of civil and criminal charges Maintain reputation Positive environmental impacts Reduce the abstraction and use of raw water Prevention of pollution 60

61 Let us consider these concepts Remember Harm, or loss is posed by Hazards, threats or, perils Opportunities are often undiscovered prospects, or value that can be discovered and unlocked Threats and opportunities effect or can effect the organisation 61

62 Let us consider these concepts Remember These threats and opportunities are unknown The uncertainties associated with the unknown need to be Discovered as hazards, threats or perils and Assessed for the effect on the organisation So that they can be identified, understood and managed 62

63 Let us consider these concepts Remember Activities, products and services however cause Environmental impacts that need to be Discovered as aspects and Assessed So that they can be managed 63

64 Let us consider these concepts Remember Activities, products and services Inherently have aspects that can interact with the environment and cause or can cause Change or environmental impacts These changes can be» Negative or» Beneficial to the environment (positive?) 64

65 Let us consider these concepts Remember So if activities, products and services can, or do cause change to the environment what causes Threats and opportunities to the organisation? 65

66 Let us consider these concepts Remember The 2015 standard is clear on what can cause threats and opportunities that manifest as risks The issues identified in terms of 4.1 Internal issues External issues Environmental conditions Requirements of interested parties Environmental aspects Compliance obligations Potential emergency situations 66

67 Let us consider these concepts Remember What is the purpose of the risk and opportunity process? The purpose is to ensure That the organisation achieves the intended outcomes of the EMS Prevent or reduce undesired effects and Achieve continual improvement 67

68 Let us consider these concepts It is clear from the preceding analysis that the 2015 version of the ISO standard requires two very different Analyses Assessment for significance and Arrangements to manage these 68

69 Let us consider these concepts The one is to identify, assess and manage Threats and opportunities that pose or can pose risks to the organisation Refer to them as effects on the organisation These can be identified and assessed at a strategic or tactical level The second is to identify, assess and manage Environmental impacts associated with the aspects Just like the 2004 version of the standard More detailed and at the operational level 69

70 Discussion and Questions 70

71 Migrating from a conformance based to performance based standard with performance indicators CEM-07.1 Course Revision

72 Elements supporting this migration Direct requirements to improve environmental performance Performance indicators Intended outcomes of the EMS EMS effectiveness review Monitoring measurement analysis and evaluation Perhaps the most challenging new duty for EMS auditors 72

73 Performance 0.2 Aim of an environmental management system enhancing environmental performance; 1. Scope This International Standard specifies the requirements of an environmental management system that an organization can use to enhance its environmental performance. 73

74 Performance 1. Scope the intended outcomes of an environmental management system include: enhancement of environmental performance; fulfilment of compliance obligations; achievement of environmental objectives. 74

75 Performance 4.4 Environmental management system The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard, to achieve its intended outcomes, including enhancing its environmental performance. 75

76 Performance 5.2 Environmental policy i) includes a commitment to continual improvement of the environmental management system to enhance environmental performance. 76

77 Performance 5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities b) reporting on the performance of the environmental management system, including environmental performance, to top management. 77

78 Performance 7.2 Competence The organization shall: determine the necessary competence of person(s) doing work under its control that affects its environmental performance, and its ability to achieve its compliance obligations; 78

79 Performance 7.3 Awareness The organization shall ensure that persons doing work under the organization s control are aware of: their contribution to the effectiveness of the environmental management system, including the benefits of enhanced environmental performance; 79

80 Performance General The organization shall monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its environmental performance The organization shall determine: the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation, as applicable, to ensure valid results; the criteria against which the organization will evaluate its environmental performance, and appropriate indicators; 80

81 Performance The organization shall evaluate its environmental performance and the effectiveness of the environmental management system. The organization shall communicate relevant environmental performance information both internally and externally, as determined by its communication process and as required by its compliance obligations. 81

82 Performance 9.3 Management review The management review shall include consideration of: information on the organization s environmental performance 82

83 Performance 10 Improvement 10.1 General The organization shall determine and select opportunities for improvement and implement necessary actions to enhance environmental performance. 83

84 Alert There is no doubt that the ISO 14001: 2015 EMS standard has matured From being a conformance based standard to A performance based standard The question is How will you the EMS auditor make this transition too! 84

85 Discussion and Questions 85

86 Auditing the verification of the effectiveness of the EMS CEM-07.1 Course Revision

87 Effectiveness Definition Effectiveness extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved 87

88 Effectiveness 5.1 Leadership and commitment Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the environmental management system by: a) taking accountability for the effectiveness of the environmental management system; 88

89 Effectiveness Planning action The organization shall plan: a) to take actions to address its: significant environmental aspects; compliance obligations; risks and opportunities identified in 6.1.1; b) how to: evaluate the effectiveness of these actions (see 9.1). 89

90 Effectiveness 7.2 Competence The organization shall: where applicable, take actions to acquire the necessary competence, and evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken. Training actions must be evaluated for effectiveness! 90

91 Effectiveness 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation General The organization shall monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its environmental performance. The organization shall evaluate its environmental performance and the effectiveness of the environmental management system. 91

92 Effectiveness 9.3 Management review Top management shall review the outputs of the management review shall include: conclusions on the continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the environmental management system; 92

93 Effectiveness 10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action d) review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken; 93

94 Effectiveness 10.3 Continual improvement The organization shall continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the environmental management system to enhance environmental performance. 94

95 Effectiveness 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation General The organization shall monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its environmental performance. The organization shall evaluate its environmental performance and the effectiveness of the environmental management system. 95

96 Auditors and effectiveness Verifying the effectiveness of the EMS is the function of the organisation The duty of the auditor is the confirm that it was done according to the requirements of the 2015 standard! 96

97 Discussion and Questions 97

98 Auditing the achievement of the intended outcomes of the EMS CEM-07.1 Course Revision

99 Intended outcomes 1 Scope Consistent with the organization's environmental policy, the intended outcomes of an environmental management system include: enhancement of environmental performance; fulfilment of compliance obligations; achievement of environmental objectives. 99

100 Intended outcomes 4.4. Environmental management system The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard, to achieve its intended outcomes, including enhancing its environmental performance. 100

101 Intended outcomes A.3 Clarification of concepts The term intended outcome means what the organization intends to achieve by implementing its environmental management system, which includes enhancement of environmental performance, achievement of compliance obligations and fulfilment of environmental objectives. These are the minimal, core outcomes, and organizations can set additional intended outcomes for their environmental management system, 101

102 Auditors and intended outcomes Achievement of the intended outcomes of the EMS is the function of the organisation The duty of the auditor is the confirm that the intended outcomes have been achieved according to the requirements of the 2015 standard! 102

103 Discussion and Questions 103

104 Environmental performance indicators CEM-07.1 Course Revision

105 Definition - Indicator Definition Indicator measurable representation of the condition or status of operations, management or conditions 105

106 Indicator Definition Environmental performance performance (3.4.10) related to the management of environmental aspects (3.2.2) Note 1 to entry: For an environmental management system (3.1.2), results can be measured against the organization s (3.1.4) environmental policy (3.1.3), environmental objectives (3.2.6) or other criteria, using indicators (3.4.7). 106

107 Indicator Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives When planning how to achieve its environmental objectives, the organization shall determine: e) how the results will be evaluated, including indicators for monitoring progress toward achievement of its measurable environmental objectives (see 9.1.1). 107

108 Indicator General The organization shall monitor, measure, analyse and evaluate its environmental performance. The organization shall determine: c) the criteria against which the organization will evaluate its environmental performance, and appropriate indicators; 108

109 Indicator For additional information on environmental indicators, see ISO

110 Planning action Multiple instruments CEM-07.1 Course Revision

111 Multiple instruments The organization shall plan: to take actions to address its: significant environmental aspects; compliance obligations; risks and opportunities identified in

112 Multiple instruments The organization shall plan: how to: integrate and implement the actions into its environmental management system processes (see 6.2 Objectives and Planning action, or Clause 7 Support, or, Clause 8 Operations, and 9.1 Monitoring or measurement, or other business processes; evaluate the effectiveness of these actions (see 9.1) 112

113 The Action Planning Toolbox 113

114 Discussion and Questions 114

115 The requirement to manage change CEM-07.1 Course Revision

116 Management of change (A.1) Management of change is an important part to Maintain an EMS Achieve the intended outcomes of the EMS on an ongoing basis 116

117 Management of change (A.1) Management of change is addressed in various requirements of the standard Maintaining the EMS (4.4) Environmental aspects (6.1.2) Internal communication (7.4.2) Operational control (8.1) Internal audit programme (9.2.2) Management review (9.3) 117

118 Management of change (A.1) Management of change should address Planned and Unplanned changes to ensure that the Unintended outcomes of changes do not Compromise the intended outcomes of the EMS 118

119 Management of change (A.1) Examples of change include Planned changes to Products Processes Operations Equipment Facilities Changes in Staff External providers (contractors) 119

120 Management of change (A.1) Examples of change include New information related to Environmental aspects Environmental impacts Related technologies Change in compliance obligations 120

121 Discussion and Questions 121

122 Auditing the new requirements related leadership commitment CEM-07.1 Course Revision

123 A new model and structure 123

124 Leadership and commitment 124

125 Discussion and Questions 125

126 Protecting the environment vs. prevention of pollution CEM-07.1 Course Revision

127 Protecting the environment 5.2 Environmental policy includes (a) commitment(s) to the protection of the environment, including prevention of pollution and other specific commitment(s) relevant to the context of the organization; NOTE Other specific commitment(s) to protect the environment can include sustainable resource use, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and protection of biodiversity and ecosystems. 127

128 Protecting the environment A 5.2 Environmental policy The commitment to protect the environment is intended to not only prevent adverse environmental impacts through prevention of pollution, but to protect the natural environment from harm and degradation arising from the organization's activities, products and services. 128

129 Protecting the environment A 5.2 Environmental policy These commitments may address water quality, recycling, or air quality and may also include far broader opportunities related to climate change mitigation and adaptation, protection of biodiversity and ecosystems, and restoration. 129

130 Discussion and Questions 130

131 New EMS auditor competence requirements ISO (2012)? CEM-07.1 Course Revision

132 New EMS auditor competence requirements? ISO 14001:2015 introduces some important new concepts that may need to be reflected in both the generic and aspect-specific competence requirements specified in ISO , such as: Links between environmental management and the strategic directions of an organization Context analysis (issues, stakeholders) Life cycle perspective in environmental management 132

133 New EMS auditor competence requirements? Environmental communication External environmental conditions impacting upon the organization Other more generic topics to be considered may include: Specific competences to audit leadership commitment How to audit less documented (environmental) management systems? 133

134 Revision of ISO (2012) 134

135 Discussion and Questions 135

136 Transition arrangements CEM-07.1 Course Revision

137 Transition Transition lapses 3 years after publication date Publication is scheduled for 16 September, 2015 Auditors need to prepare and equip themselves Evolving norm is minimum of 2 day transition course with and examination 137

138 138

139 Thank You! 139

140 The status of notes (should the time permits) CEM-07.1 Course Revision

141 Additional clarifications Information marked as "NOTE" within the requirement section is to assist the with the understanding or Use of the document These notes are informative Notes to entry" used in Clause 3 (definitions) provide additional information that supplements the terminological data and can contain provisions relating to the use of the term Normative Discuss 141

142 Additional clarifications Notes to entry" used in Clause 3 (definitions) provide additional information that supplements the terminological data and can contain Provisions relating to the use of the term 142

143 Terminologies: Shall, should, may or can CEM-07.1 Course Revision

144 Additional clarifications The following verbal forms are used: shall indicates a requirement; should indicates a recommendation; may indicates a permission; can indicates a possibility or a capability. 144

145 Terminologies: Consider vs. take into account CEM-07.1 Course Revision

146 Clarifications The word consider means it is necessary to think about the topic but it can be excluded; and take into account means it is necessary to think about the topic but it cannot be excluded 146

147 Terminologies: Appropriate vs. applicable CEM-07.1 Course Revision

148 Clarifications The word consider means it is necessary to think about the topic but it can be excluded; and take into account means it is necessary to think about the topic but it cannot be excluded 148

149 Terminologies: Ensure CEM-07.1 Course Revision

150 Clarifications The word ensure means the responsibility can be delegated, but not the accountability 150

151 Terminologies: Documented information CEM-07.1 Course Revision

152 Clarifications Documented information replaces the nouns documentation and record To distinguish between documents and records retain documented information as evidence of... to mean records, and maintain documented information to mean documentation other than records. 152

153 Documentation Reflecting the evolution of computer and cloud based systems for running management systems, the revision incorporates the term documented information, instead of documents and records. To align with ISO 9001, the organization will retain the flexibility to determine when procedures are needed to ensure effective process control. 153

154 Terminologies: Intended outcomes of the EMS CEM-07.1 Course Revision

155 Clarifications The term intended outcome is what the organization intends to achieve by implementing its environmental management system, The minimum outcomes include enhancement of environmental performance, Fulfilment of compliance obligations and Achievement of environmental objectives. 155

156 Terminologies: Compliance obligations CEM-07.1 Course Revision

157 Clarifications The phrase compliance obligations replaces the phrase legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes and The adopted interested party requirements The intent of this new phrase does not differ from that of the previous edition 157

158 Terminologies: Environmental impact vs. effect CEM-07.1 Course Revision

159 Clarifications The phrase compliance obligations replaces the phrase legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes used in previous editions of this International Standard. The intent of this new phrase does not differ from that of the previous edition 159

160 Terminologies: Procured services vs. outsourced CEM-07.1 Course Revision

161 Explain the difference between Procured services Outsourced services 161

162 Terminologies: Environmental aspect vs. a risk (Threat or opportunity) CEM-07.1 Course Revision

163 Clarification The term risk should have been threats and opportunities Threats can cause harm or loss to the organisation Opportunities offer value to the organisation The receptor is the ability or inability of the organisation to achieve the intended outcomes of the EMS Threats and opportunities cause effects on the organisation 163

164 Clarification Environmental impacts are caused by the environmental aspects of Activities Products and services The environment is the receptor of impacts, i.e. Change Negative environmental impacts Positive environmental impacts Explain positive environmental impacts vs. opportunities 164

165 Clarification How will you as auditor differentiate between Environmental aspects vs. threats and opportunities Environmental impacts vs. effects Discuss 165

166 Terminologies: Environmental conditions CEM-07.1 Course Revision

167 Clarification Environmental condition state or characteristic of the environment (3.8) as determined at a certain point of time These are issues that can affect the organisation Need to be managed as threats and opportunities 167

168 Terminologies: Prevention of pollution vs. protection of the environment CEM-07.1 Course Revision

169 Prevention of pollution Use of processes (3.26), practices, techniques, materials, products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control (separately or in combination) the creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts (3.10) Note 1 to entry: Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination; process, product or service changes; efficient use of resources; material and energy substitution; reuse; recovery; recycling, reclamation; or treatment. 169

170 Protection of the environment NOTE Other specific commitment(s) to protect the environment can include sustainable resource use, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and protection of biodiversity and ecosystems. 170

171 Terminologies: Life cycle perspective CEM-07.1 Course Revision

172 Clarification Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to end-of-life treatment Note 1 to entry: The life cycle stages include extraction of raw materials, design, production, transportation/delivery, use and end-oflife treatment. 172

173 Terminologies: Effectiveness CEM-07.1 Course Revision

174 Clarification Effectiveness extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved 174

175 Terminologies: Monitoring vs. measurement CEM-07.1 Course Revision

176 Clarification Monitoring determining the status of a system, a process (3.26) or an activity Note 1 to entry: To determine the status, there may be a need to check, supervise or critically observe. Measurement Process (3.26) to determine a value 176

177 Terminologies: The new objectives CEM-07.1 Course Revision

178 Clarification - Objectives Targets are not required Objective result to be achieved Note 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic, tactical, or operational. Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate to different disciplines (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product, service and process (3.26)). 178

179 Clarification - Objectives Targets are not required Objective Note 3 to entry: An objective can be expressed in other ways, e.g. as an intended outcome, a purpose, an operational criterion, as an environmental objective (3.17), or by the use of other words with similar meaning (e.g. aim, goal, or target). 179

180 Clarification - Objectives Objectives are linked to indicators indicator (3.33) measurable representation of the condition or status of operations, management or conditions Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives how the results will be evaluated, including indicators for monitoring progress toward achievement of measurable environmental objectives (see 9.1.1). 180

181 Clarification - Objectives A6.2 Indicators are selected to measure the achievement of measurable objectives. Measurable means possible to decide with respect to a specified scale, using either quantitative or qualitative methods, if the objective has been met. By including the caveat if practicable, it is acknowledged that there may be situations when it may not be feasible to measure an objective 181

182 Thank You! 182