Collaborative Cohesion: The Necessity for A Standardized Community/City Social. Zachary Raden

Transcription

1 Collaborative Cohesion: The Necessity for A Standardized Community/City Social Zachary Raden

2 Overview 1. Introduction: 1.1 Kresge and using Social Cohesion within a Climate Resilient Plan 2. Review of Literature on Social Cohesion: 2.1 The Dimensions and Domains of Social Cohesion 2.2 Indicators of Social Cohesion 2.3 Communication Infrastructure Theory (CIT): The Storytelling Network and the Communication Action Context 3. Limitations in Measuring and Identifying Social Cohesion Indicators: 3.1 Existing Data and Data Gathering 4. The Importance of a Standard Model for Social Cohesion: 4.1 The New Focus: Increasing Social Cohesion 4.2 Emphasizing Cross- Communication and Collaboration between City and Community Institutions 5. Conclusion: 5.1 Gentrification as a Dismantling Force for Social Cohesion

3 1.1 Introduction 1

4 1.1 Kresge and using Social Cohesion within a Climate Resilient Plan

5 1.1 Kresge and using Social Cohesion within a Climate Resilient Plan The Kresge Environment Program, 2014, 3-4

6 1.1 Kresge and using Social Cohesion within a Climate Resilient Plan Increasingly more governmental, nongovernmental, and intergovernmental institutions are realizing the importance of social cohesion with leaders including:

7 A Tremendous Body of Existing Literature on Both the Theoretical and Actual Application of Social Cohesion

8 An opportunity to bridge the gap community with a standard between the city and social cohesion model Unifying Oakland s

9 Review of Literature 2.1 on Social Cohesion 2

10 2.1 The Dimensions and Domains of Social Cohesion It is important to understand the core concepts of Social Cohesion rather than a fixed definition Jenson, Jane

11 THE MICRO/MACRO DICHOTOMY OF SOCIAL COHESION: 1. MICRO: Local Community (Individuals) Various levels of Social Capital 2. MACRO: Society as a Whole (Structures and Institutions) Strength of Social Economy

12 D I M DOMAINS E N S I O N S

13 Separating social cohesion into six dimensions and three domains (Economic, Political, and Sociocultural) is helpful as it allows for a more systematic and organized way to measure and identify social cohesion indicators Weighted and Aggregated Index of Social Cohesion Indicators

14 Review of Literature on Social Cohesion 2.2 2

15 2.2 Indicators of Social Cohesion Indicators for United Nations

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17 1. Social cohesion as social inclusion -- indicated by access to financial resources: The Gini coefficient, which is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution 2. Social cohesion as social inclusion -- indicated by access to economic activity Unemployment rate (percentage of total labour force) 3. Social cohesion as social inclusion -- indicated by access to education and human capital Literacy rate, adult total (percentage of people aged 15 and above 4. Social cohesion as social inclusion -- indicated by access to health Life expectancy at birth, in years 5. Social cohesion as social inclusion -- indicated by access to technology Percentage of households with access to broadband internet 6. Social cohesion as cultural and ethnic homogeneity Percentage of foreign born in population 7. Social cohesion as trust Question about trust from public opinion surveys 8. Social cohesion as participation and solidarity Electoral participation -- percentage of eligible voters participating in national elections

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19 Review of Literature 2.3 on Social Cohesion 2

20 2.3 Communication Infrastructure Theory (CIT) CIT identifies two basic components of communication infrastructure. The first is the neighborhood storytelling network which consists of three key storytellers:

21 C O M M U N I C A T I O N I S E S S E N T I A L!

22 Fostering the community action context further encourages the storytelling network, enhancing social cohesion. Further research suggests that addressing both elements is not only a tactic of cohesion enhancement but can also directly increase civic engagement and participation (Kim, 2006, 173)

23 In order to foster social cohesion, In order to foster social cohesion, the the focus must be on preserving focus must be on preserving and and improving CIT elements that improving CIT elements that reinforces and reinforces and strengthens this strengthens this feedback system feedback system

24 Limitations in Measuring and Identifying Social Cohesion Indicators 3.1 3

25 2 Problems

26 3.1 Existing Data and Data Gathering International data sets like the World Values Survey can be helpful in understanding a U.S. average in comparison to the City of Oakland

27 If an Oakland specific survey be implemented annually, a meaningful comparison could be made on the increase/decrease of social cohesion. By involving the community to partake in collecting data, it would be an efficient and local use of resources and create a greater sense of community

28 The Importance of a Standard Model for Social Cohesion 4.1 4

29 4.1 The New Focus: Increasing Social Cohesion A NEED FOR STANDARDS

30 Econo my Infrastructur e Econo my Infrastructure CITY Social Cohesion G E N T R I F I C A T I O N Social Cohesion 1 CITY 2 R E S I L I E N C E

31 The Importance of a Standard Model for Social Cohesion 4.2 4

32 4.2 Emphasizing Cross-Communication and Collaboration between City and Community Institutions Applying Communication Infrastructure Theory (CIT)

33 1 Community Level City Level. Outsid e decisio n making 2. Both have social cohesion as main objective with same models to measure Community Level City Level Inside decisio n making Outsid e decisio n making Collaborative decision Inside decisio n making

34 4.2 5 Conclusion

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36 5.1 Gentrification as a Dismantling Force for Social Cohesion THERE CAN BE NO INCREASING OF SOCIAL COHESION WITH GENTRIFICATION With social cohesion as the focus, it directly fights against policies of gentrification while simultaneously aiming to improve both infrastructure and the local economy With a standardized model, Oakland can be a leader in the U.S. for this new growing policy approach so many other

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