Human Resources Development for Social Welfare I n d o n e s i a

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1 Country Paper Human Resources Development for Social Welfare I n d o n e s i a Prepared by Drs. Max.H.Tuapattimain Msi Bureau for Planing, Secretary General Ministry of Social Affairs The Republic of Indonesia Present on The 1 st ASEAN and Japan High Level Official Meeting on Caring Societies, Human Resources Development for Social Welfare and Health Services in ASEAN Countries and Neighbor Economies. Tokyo, 4-8 November

2 COUNTRY REPORT The 1 Asean and Japan High Level Officials Meeting on Caring Societies: Human Resource Development for Social Welfare and Health Services in ASEAN Countries and Neighbor Economics Tokyo, 4 7 November 2003 I. Introduction Geographically Indonesia is an archipelago country that consist of islands that spread out from Sabang to Merauke with the number of population is about people (Central Bureau of Statistic 2003). From such a number of populations, not all people live at satisfactory level of welfare, moreover following financial crisis, the number of people living below poverty line is increasing significantly and this ever reaches a half of total population. The crisis encountered by Indonesia until last years has shifted become multidimensional crisis which affect adversely on social welfare condition. Social problems become worse than before, in terms of their quantity and type; poverty, neglected, social disability, increased crime and social conflicts. The picture of poor people in 2002 was 37.7 million including some destitute people, disabled people, neglected children, street children, neglected aging. In addition, it is noted of 10.3 million susceptible neglected children or 17.6% of total children (58.7 million) in Indonesia. The number of prostitute, homeless people, ex offenders and victims of drug abuse are people, victims of HIV/AIDS. On the basis of existing data, there are no less than 350 earthquakes incidences every year of which 10 of them is categorized as most powerful earthquakes that cause considerable victims/suffering. Indonesia has some 128 volcanoes of which 70 volcanoes are still active. In addition, Indonesia frequently experiences other natural disaster like flood, typhoon, drought etc. The rapidly growing social problems in last years must be handled in quick and appropriate manners. This is certainly not only the responsibility of the Ministry of Social Affairs but should involve society and social organizations, religious institutions, non-government organizations, including private sector. Indonesia as a part of regional and global world has to take part in undertaking commonly agreed efforts to solve social problems, in accordance with International commitments, in line with resolving the internal problems emerging in this country. In the context of international relationship of this globalization era, Indonesian government is tied up with the commitments resulting from World 1

3 Summit on Social Development held in Copenhagen Denmark in 1995, which previously emerged in General Assembly of United Nations in 1992, to solve poverty and social inequality in the world. Although the welfare of average people in the world indicates a significant rise within the last decade, however increasing unemployment, and more concerned social disintegration have accompanied this. Heads of state and governments of 172 countries attending the World Summit on Social Development raise three major issues are: Poverty Reduction; Productive Work/Expansion of job opportunity and Social Integration, in accordance with ten commitments of the Summit and a range of social development agendas. The ten commitments are: firstly, to establish a conducive economic, political, social, cultural and legal environment for the implementation of Social Development; secondly, to eradicate an absolute poverty within a period of time defined by each country; thirdly, to support full-time work specified by each country; fourthly, to thrive social integration based on the enhancement and protection of all human basic rights; fifthly, to reach equality and similarity between man and woman; sixthly, to reach an universal access to basic education and health; seventhly, to accelerate development in African countries and poorest countries; eighthly, to ensure the accommodation of social development in adjustment program of economic structure; ninthly, to promote resource allocation for social development, including economic environment; tenthly, to enhance cooperation for social development through UN. Human development index in Indonesia statistically occupies 112 in sequence, is far behind other South Asia countries. Therefore Indonesia must improve Human Resources, especially those in social welfare area, which is responsibility of the Ministry of Social Affairs as a concrete realization of the ten commitments of World Summit on Social Development. Besides, in realizing second commitment, there has been an equal and similar opportunity for man and woman through gender programs. II. Concept of Social Welfare Development Since the complicated social problems, in terms of their quantity and quality, concept of social welfare development has been arranged as follows: 1. Vision and Mission Social welfare development is carried out based on such vision and mission as: a. Vision: Social Welfare by and for All 2

4 The vision implies that social welfare development is a national movement and effort to realize social welfare by individual, family, community groups, organizations and private sector of all Indonesian citizens b. Mission: 1) Improve human dignity and quality of life. 2) Develop initiative and active involvement of people in social welfare development as social capital investment. 3) Prevent and control and solve social problems, unintended impacts of industrialization activities, economic social crisis, globalization and information stream; 4) Develop social security system and social protection; 5) Enhance social resilience through reducing social inequality, with more attention paid for susceptible and disadvantaged people and to maintain a spirit of social solidarity and partnership 2. Policy and Strategy In line with Broad Outlines of the Nation s Direction (GBHN), policies and strategies used in social welfare development are: P o l i c y a. Improve the scope and even distribution of more equitable social services. b. Enhance professionalism of social services provided either by government, community and private sector. c. Upgrade social services management involving plan, implementation, control, evaluation and report. d. Promote and stabilize active participation of people in social services. e. Support the actualization of decentralization policy in carrying out public governance and development S t r a t e g y a. Social empowerment, implies to build capacity of actors in social welfare development in the purpose of increasing their professionalism and performance, and to provide trust and chance for society, private sector and people with social problems in order to prevent and deal with the problems existing in their environment. 3

5 b. Social partnership implies co-operation, care, equality, collaboration and information system network on social problems, able to develop mutual benefits among the parties. c. Social participation, implies initiative and role of service beneficiaries and their social environment in making decision and doing best choice to improve their social welfare. d. Social advocate, implies a number of efforts aimed to support, defend and protect community, which enable them to do social actions and social change necessary for fulfillment of social welfare and enhancement the quality of human resources. 3. Programs Based on Act No. 25, 2000 concerning National Development Plan in Social Welfare, there are 4 (four) major programs plus 1 (one) Gender Mainstream program, which are mutually supportive and complementary : a. Program for the development of Social Welfare Potential b. Program for the enhancement of Management quality and Professionalism of Social Services c. Program for the development of harmonious public policy in resolving social problems d. Program for the development of information system on social problems e. Program for the promotion of people s role and empowerment of gender mainstream institutions III. Human Resource Development in Social Welfare In order to realize the implementation of social welfare development optimally, the capacity of Human Resources in social welfare field stemming from either government or community need to be developed through various efforts managed by Board for Social Development and Training the Ministry of Social Affairs A. Legal Base 1. Legislative Decision of People s Consultative Council No. IV, 1999 concerning Broad s Outlines of The Nation s Direction Basic Stipulation of Social Welfare Act No. 6, Act No. 22, 1999 concerning of Local Government 4

6 4. Act No. 43, 1999 concerning Change of Basic Points of Personal Act No. 8, National Development Plan Act No. 25, Governmental Rule B. Aim and Purpose 1. The aim of education and training for social welfare personnel is to prepare and generate professional and skilled practitioners in the area of social welfare development 2. The purposes of program are: a. To develop and enlarge understanding and orientation on social welfare of social welfare actors b. To strengthen social welfare human resources with better competence and integration as thinkers, planners and executors of social welfare development c. To create understanding and perception as to role and position of social welfare human resources d. To establish networking among the actors of training and education activities C. S c o p e Human resources development is reached through developing social work profession, with its scope is as follows: 1. Plan professional stipulation of social work for various levels, specialization area, undertaken either direct or indirectly by government or communities 2. Encourage the development of profession organizations of social work and counterpart organizations, namely organization of social work education and council for social welfare, development of professional code ethics, and accreditation system of social work 3. Development of social work education and training through both Master program and Doctorate program in collaboration with social work education institutions, in this country or abroad, special education and training program conducted in Technical Executing Units (UPT) of Education and Training the Ministry of Social Affairs 5

7 4. Development of career system for professional social workers who occupy structural and functional positions, working in the Ministry of Social Affairs, Non Government Human Service Organizations and to build up social work practice 5. Encourage the development of science, research and social assistance for societies D. Policy and Strategy 1. The policy in human resource development is as follows: a. Promotion of competence and integration of social welfare human resources b. Determine standard and accreditation of education and training for social welfare human resources c. Enhance management of education and training for social welfare human resources d. Improve coordination in the implementation of education and training for social welfare human resources E. Strategy used is as follows: a. Empowerment of education and training facilities b. Development of networking among providers, users, and alumni of social welfare education and training c. Assessment and development of education and training methodology and technology d. Dissemination of information as to education and training for social welfare human resources F. Development of Social Welfare Administrators The development of social welfare human services is directed to promote capacity of actors in social welfare development, either staff of the Ministry of Social Affairs and local social offices, or member of social organization/community as volunteer. Education and training activities are conducted in Education and Training Center for Staff and Education and Training Center for Social Practitioners in Jakarta, or Technical Executing Units of Education and Training in six provinces ( Bandung, Yogyakarta, Padang, Banjarmasin, Makasar and Jayapura). The kinds of activities that have been implemented are: 6

8 1. Formulation of standard and accreditation of social welfare education and training, includes: a. Institutional aspect of social welfare education and training (20%) b. Program of social welfare education and training (30%) c. Personnel providing social welfare education and training (15%) d. Tutor / resource person (35%) 2. Education and Training for social welfare practitioners, involves: a. Formal education in social/social work and psychology, in Bandung School of Social Welfare, Bogor Institute of Agriculture, Indonesia University, Gajah Mada University, Padjadjaran University and Jakarta University; b. Stratification education and training involves: 1) Education and Training focus on Administration level IV (General Administration) 2) Education and Training focus on Administration level III Education and Training focus on Administration level II 3) Education and Training focus on Administration level I c. Education and training of social work profession, such as: 1) Training of Trainer (TOT) capacity building; 2) Training of Trainer (TOT) of Basic Social Work; 3) Training of acceleration of social welfare development; 4) Social work training for volunteers 5) Social Work training for refugee helpers 6) Training of Social Marketing 7) Training of sub district social workers 8) Training of disaster management 9) Training of community development 10) Training of acceleration in social welfare development 11) Training of social services for drug abuse 12) Training of social impact analysis 13) Training of social advocate for women and child abuse 14) Training of women leadership 15) Training of leadership of Youth Movement 16) Training of social service standard 17) Medical social work training 18) Training of social services for Self-help Economic Productive 7

9 19) Training of social work appreciation d. Functional education and training, such as: 1) Training for functional social workers 2) Training for research personnel; 3) Training for archivists 4) Training for planners 5) Training for upgrading functional social workers e. Technical education and training, encompasses: 1) Training of social welfare service management 2) Training of social work administration 3) Computer Training 4) Training of Finance administration/treasure 5) Training of equipment management 6) Training of management of social welfare delivery 7) Training of project administration 8) Training of social information in drug prevention 9) Training of social organization management and Youth Movement 10) Out bound 3. Curriculum arrangement of technical, functional and profession education and training 4. Arrangement of education and training module for social volunteers 5. Maintain cooperation with domestic and foreign universities in the improvement quality of social welfare personnel 8

10 IV. Conclusion 1. Social welfare development undertaken by government and community is directed to assist and develop capacity of people with social problems, help them to help themselves for independent life. The primary target of social development program is poverty. This is based both on large number of poor people in community and commitments resulting form World Summit on Social Development held in Copenhagen Denmark in March 1995, attended by heads of state and government from 172 countries which raise three major issues that are: poverty reduction, productive work/job opportunity extension and social integration 2. Human resource development in social welfare area is implemented through various efforts, such as formal education in social work area and other social sciences and also through a number of stratification trainings, profession trainings, functional and technical trainings. Jakarta, Oktober