EXPOSURE DRAFT PROPOSED STATEMENT ON AUDITING STANDARDS QUALITY CONTROL FOR AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Transcription

1 EXPOSURE DRAFT PROPOSED STATEMENT ON AUDITING STANDARDS QUALITY CONTROL FOR AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (To supersede Statement on Auditing Standards No. 25, The Relationship of Generally Accepted Auditing Standards to Quality Control Standards [AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AU sec. 161]) June 1, 2009 Comments are requested by August 31, Prepared by the AICPA Auditing Standards Board for comment from persons interested in auditing and reporting issues. Comments should be addressed to Sherry Hazel at Page 1 of 25

2 Copyright 2009 by American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc. New York, NY Permission is granted to make copies of this work provided that such copies are for personal, intraorganizational, or educational use only and are not sold or disseminated and provided further that each copy bears the following credit line: Copyright 2009 by American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc. Used with permission. Page 2 of 25

3 CONTENTS Page Explanatory Memorandum Introduction... 4 Background... 4 Effective Date... 5 Changes From Existing Standards... 5 Issue for Consideration... 6 Guide for Respondents... 6 Supplements to the Exposure Draft... 6 Comment Period... 7 Auditing Standards Board Members... 8 Exposure Draft Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements... 9 Page 3 of 25

4 Introduction Explanatory Memorandum This memorandum provides background to the proposed Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements. This proposed SAS would supersede SAS No. 25, The Relationship of Generally Accepted Auditing Standards to Quality Control Standards (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AU sec. 161). The accompanying proposed SAS represents the redrafting of SAS No. 25 to apply the Auditing Standards Board s (ASB) clarity drafting conventions and to converge with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs), as discussed in the following sections. Background Clarity To address concerns over the clarity, length, and complexity of its standards, the ASB is currently making a significant effort to clarify the SASs. 1 The ASB issued a discussion paper, Improving the Clarity of ASB Standards, 2 in March In response to the feedback received on the discussion paper and subsequent discussions with interested parties, the ASB has established clarity drafting conventions and has undertaken to revise all of its SASs in accordance with those conventions. The proposed SAS has been drafted in accordance with the ASB s clarity drafting conventions, which include the following: Establishing objectives for each of the standards Including a definitions section, if relevant, in each standard Separating requirements from application and other explanatory material Numbering application and other explanatory material paragraphs using an A- prefix and presenting them in a section following the requirements section Using formatting techniques, such as bulleted lists, to enhance readability Including, where appropriate, special considerations relevant to audits of smaller, less complex entities within the text of the standards Including, where appropriate, special considerations relevant to audits of governmental entities within the text of the standard 1 The pamphlet Clarification and Convergence provides information about the ASB s clarity project and can be viewed at 2 The discussion paper is available online at Clarity+of+ASB+Standards.htm. Page 4 of 25

5 Convergence Consistent with the ASB s strategy to converge its standards with those of the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), 3 the proposed SAS has been drafted using ISA No. 220, Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements, as a base. There are no differences between this proposed SAS and ISA No. 220 other than those for which the ASB believes compelling reasons exist. Differences in objectives, definitions, or requirements between the proposed SAS and ISA No. 220 are identified in the exposure draft s exhibit. The ASB has made various changes to the language of the ISA to use terms or phrases that are more common in the United States, and to tailor examples and guidance to the U.S. environment. The ASB believes that such changes will not create differences between the application of ISA No. 220 and the application of the proposed SAS. Effective Date The proposed SAS would be effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after December 15, This effective date is provisional but will not be earlier than December 15, Changes From Existing Standards The proposed SAS would supersede SAS No. 25, The Relationship of Generally Accepted Auditing Standards to Quality Control Standards (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1, AU sec. 161). The explanatory memorandum to the ASB's exposure draft of the redrafted Risk Assessment standards states that paragraphs of extant AU section 311, Planning and Supervision (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1), which address supervision in an audit, were omitted from the proposed SAS, Planning an Audit "because it is expected that these requirements and guidance will be included in proposed SAS, Quality Control for Audit Engagements when this proposed SAS is prepared in connection with convergence with ISA 220 (Redrafted), Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements, as part of the ASB's Clarification and Convergence project. The supplementary materials accompanying this exposure draft show how the material in AU section 161 and AU section 311, paragraphs are either reflected in the proposed SAS or contained in proposed Statement on Quality Control Standards (SQCS), A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted) or in other SASs. AU section 161 contains no requirements. The proposed SAS contains requirements and application material that address specific responsibilities of the auditor regarding quality control procedures for an audit of financial statements. Quality control systems, policies, and procedures are the responsibility of the audit firm. The proposed SAS specifies quality control procedures at the engagement level that assist the auditor in achieving the objectives of the quality control standards. As these procedures are required to be established by SQCS No. 7, A Firm s System of Quality Control (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 2, QC sec. 10), the proposed SAS should not result in a change to existing practice; however, the proposed SAS 3 The ASB s convergence paper is available online at Page 5 of 25

6 would strengthen existing standards by making it easier for auditors to understand and apply those quality control procedures that apply to an audit of financial statements. Issue for Consideration Although the ASB s standards do not apply to the audits of issuers, in converging with the ISAs, the ASB wishes to avoid unnecessary differences with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB). ISA No. 220 contains requirements relating to engagement quality control review that apply only to audits of listed entities (issuers). The proposed SAS does not include such requirements. The PCAOB has a proposed standard, Proposed Auditing Standard Engagement Quality Review, that contains requirements relating to engagement quality control reviews that apply only to audits of issuers. Certain of these requirements are not included in the proposed SAS. The ASB is interested in hearing from respondents about whether additional requirements relating to engagement quality control review should be included in the proposed SAS. Guide for Respondents The ASB is seeking comments specifically on changes resulting from applying the clarity drafting conventions and converging with the ISA, and their effect on the content of the proposed SAS. Respondents are asked to respond, in particular, to the following questions: 1. Are the objectives of the auditor appropriate? 2. Are the revisions made to converge the existing standard with ISA No. 220 appropriate? 3. Are the differences between the proposed SAS and ISA No. 220 identified in the exhibit, and other language changes, appropriate? 4. Have considerations for audits of smaller, less complex entities and governmental entities been dealt with appropriately? Comments are most helpful when they refer to specific paragraphs, include the reasons for the comments, and, where appropriate, make specific suggestions for any proposed changes to wording. When a respondent agrees with proposals in the exposure draft, it will be helpful for the ASB to be made aware of this view, as well. Written comments on the exposure draft will become part of the public record of the AICPA and will be available for public inspection at the offices of the AICPA after August 31, 2009, for one year. Responses should be sent to Sherry Hazel at shazel@aicpa.org and received by August 31, Page 6 of 25

7 Supplements to the Exposure Draft To assist respondents in identifying changes and in responding to this request to comment on the proposed SAS, the Audit and Attest Standards staff has prepared the following supplementary materials: 1. A matrix document, which compares ISA No. 220 and the proposed SAS. The schedule has three columns containing the following: a. ISA No. 220 b. The proposed SAS, marked to show differences in language between the ISA and the proposed SAS (new and deleted material are shown in colored track changes) c. Comments and rationale 2. A mapping document, which demonstrates how the material in extant AU section 161 and AU section 311, paragraphs is either reflected in the proposed SAS or is contained SQCS No. 7 or in other SASs. This staff-prepared supplementary material is available on the AICPA Web site at ds/improving+the+clarity+of+asb+standards/default.htm. It is for informational purposes only and does not form part of the exposure draft; however, it may be useful for respondents in formulating comments. Comment Period The comment period for this exposure draft ends on August 31, Page 7 of 25

8 Auditing Standards Board ( ) Harold L. Monk, Jr., Chair Ernest F. Baugh, Jr. Sheila M. Birch Jacob J. Cohen Walton T. Conn, Jr. Anthony J. Costantini Charles E. Frasier Nicholas J. Mastracchio, Jr. Jorge Milo Andrew M. Mintzer Thomas A. Ratcliffe Randy C. Roberts Darrel R. Schubert Thomas M. Stemlar Mark H. Taylor Phil D. Wedemeyer Stephanie A. Westington Arthur M. Winstead, Jr. Megan F. Zietsman Quality Control Task Force David Brumbeloe, Chair Sheila M. Birch Richard W. Reeder Abraham Akresh Robert D. Dohrer AICPA Staff Charles E. Landes Vice President Professional Standards and Services Ahava Z. Goldman Technical Manager Audit and Attest Standards Page 8 of 25

9 Introduction PROPOSED STATEMENT ON AUDITING STANDARDS QUALITY CONTROL FOR AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONTENTS Paragraph Scope of this SAS... 1 System of Quality Control and Role of Engagement Team Effective Date... 5 Objective... 6 Definitions... 7 Requirements Leadership Responsibilities for Quality on Audits... 8 Relevant Ethical Requirements Acceptance and Continuance of Client Relationships and Audit Engagements Assignment of Engagement Teams Engagement Performance Monitoring Documentation Application and Other Explanatory Material System of Quality Control and Role of Engagement Teams.... A1 A2 Leadership Responsibilities for Quality on Audits... A3 Relevant Ethical Requirements... A4 A7 Acceptance and Continuance of Client Relationships and Audit Engagements... A8 A9 Assignment of Engagement Teams... A10 A12 Engagement Performance... A13 A31 Monitoring... A32 A34 Documentation... A35 Exhibit: Comparison of Requirements of Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards, Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements With Requirements of International Standard on Auditing No. 220, Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements... A36 Page 9 of 25

10 Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements Introduction Scope of This Proposed SAS 1. This proposed Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) addresses the specific responsibilities of the auditor regarding quality control procedures for an audit of financial statements. It also addresses, where applicable, the responsibilities of the engagement quality control reviewer. This proposed SAS is to be read in conjunction with the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct and other relevant ethical requirements. 2. Quality control systems, policies, and procedures are the responsibility of the audit firm. Under proposed Statement on Quality Control Standards (SQCS) A Firm s System of Quality Control, the firm has an obligation to establish a system of quality control designed to provide it with reasonable assurance that a. the firm and its personnel comply with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements; and b. the reports issued by the firm or engagement partners are appropriate in the circumstances. 1 (Ref: par. A1) 3. Within the context of the firm s system of quality control, engagement teams have a responsibility to implement quality control procedures that are applicable to the audit engagement and provide the firm with relevant information to enable the functioning of that part of the firm s system of quality control relating to independence. 4. Engagement teams are entitled to rely on the firm s system of quality control, unless the engagement partner determines that it is inappropriate to do so based on information provided by the firm or other parties. (Ref: par. A2) Effective Date 5. This SAS is effective for audits of financial statements for periods beginning on or after December 15, * Objective 6. The objective of the auditor is to implement quality control procedures at the engagement level that provide the auditor with reasonable assurance that a. the audit complies with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements; and b. the auditor s report issued is appropriate in the circumstances. 1 See proposed Statement on Quality Control Standards (SQCS) A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted), paragraph 11. * This date is provisional but will not be before December 15, Page 10 of 25

11 Definitions 7. For purposes of generally accepted auditing standards, the following terms have the meanings attributed as follows: Engagement partner. 2 The partner or other person in the firm who is responsible for the audit engagement and its performance and for the auditor s report that is issued on behalf of the firm and who, where required, has the appropriate authority from a professional, legal, or regulatory body. Engagement quality control review. A process designed to provide an objective evaluation before the report release date of the significant judgments that the engagement team made and the conclusions it reached in formulating the auditor s report. The engagement quality control review process is only for those audit engagements, if any, for which the firm has determined an engagement quality control review is required. Engagement quality control reviewer. A partner, other person in the firm, suitably qualified external person, or a team made up of such individuals, none of whom is part of the engagement team, with sufficient and appropriate experience and authority to objectively evaluate the significant judgments that the engagement team made and the conclusions it reached in formulating the auditor s report. Engagement team. All partners and staff performing the engagement, and any individuals engaged by the firm or a network firm who perform audit procedures on the engagement. This excludes an auditor s external specialist engaged by the firm or a network firm. 3 Firm. A form of organization permitted by law or regulation whose characteristics conform to resolutions of the Council of the AICPA that is engaged in the practice of public accounting. Monitoring. A process comprising an ongoing consideration and evaluation of the firm s system of quality control, including a periodic review of engagement documentation, reports, and clients financial statements for a selection of completed engagements, designed to provide the firm with reasonable assurance that its system of quality control is designed appropriately and operating effectively. Network firm. A firm or other entity that belongs to a network, as defined in ET section 92 (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 2). Network. An association of entities as defined in ET section 92 (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 2). Partner. Any individual with authority to bind the firm with respect to the performance of a professional services engagement. For purposes of this definition, partner 2 Engagement partner, partner, and firm refer to their governmental equivalents where relevant. 3 AU section 336, Using the Work of a Specialist (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1), defines the term specialist. Page 11 of 25

12 may include an employee with this authority who has not assumed the risks and benefits of ownership. Firms may use different titles to refer to individuals with this authority. Personnel. Partners and staff. Professional standards. Standards, established by the AICPA Auditing Standards Board or the AICPA Accounting and Review Services Committee under Rules 201 or 202 of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 2, ET secs. 201 and 202) or other standard setting bodies that set auditing and attest standards applicable to the engagement being performed and relevant ethical requirements. Relevant ethical requirements. Ethical requirements to which the engagement team and engagement quality control reviewer are subject, which consist of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct together with rules of state boards of accountancy and applicable regulatory agencies that are more restrictive. Staff. Professionals, other than partners, including any specialists the firm employs. Suitably qualified external person. An individual outside the firm with the competence and capabilities to act as an engagement partner, for example, a partner of another firm. Requirements Leadership Responsibilities for Quality on Audits 8. The engagement partner should take responsibility for the overall quality on each audit engagement to which that partner is assigned. (Ref: par. A3) Relevant Ethical Requirements 9. Throughout the audit engagement, the engagement partner should remain alert for evidence of noncompliance with relevant ethical requirements by members of the engagement team through observation and making inquiries, as necessary. (Ref: par. A4) 10. If matters come to the engagement partner s attention, through the firm s system of quality control or otherwise, that indicate that members of the engagement team have not complied with relevant ethical requirements, the engagement partner, in consultation with others in the firm, should determine the appropriate action. Independence 11. The engagement partner should form a conclusion on compliance with independence requirements that apply to the audit engagement. In doing so, the engagement partner should a. obtain relevant information from the firm and, where applicable, network firms, to identify and evaluate circumstances and relationships that create threats to independence; Page 12 of 25

13 b. evaluate information on identified breaches, if any, of the firm s independence policies and procedures to determine whether they create a threat to independence for the audit engagement; and c. take appropriate action to eliminate such threats or reduce them to an acceptable level by applying safeguards or, if considered appropriate, to withdraw from the audit engagement, when withdrawal is possible under applicable law or regulation. The engagement partner should promptly report to the firm any inability to resolve the matter so that the firm may take appropriate action. (Ref: par A5 A7) Acceptance and Continuance of Client Relationships and Audit Engagements 12. The engagement partner should be satisfied that appropriate procedures regarding the acceptance and continuance of client relationships and audit engagements have been followed and should determine that conclusions reached in this regard are appropriate. (Ref: par. A8 A9) 13. If the engagement partner obtains information that would have caused the firm to decline the audit engagement had that information been available earlier, the engagement partner should communicate that information promptly to the firm, so that the firm and the engagement partner can take the necessary action. (Ref: par. A8) Assignment of Engagement Teams 14. The engagement partner should be satisfied that the engagement team, and any auditor s specialists who are not part of the engagement team, collectively have the appropriate competence and capabilities to a. perform the audit engagement in accordance with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements; and b. enable an auditor s report that is appropriate in the circumstances to be issued. (Ref: par. A10 A12) Engagement Performance Direction, Supervision, and Performance 15. The engagement partner should take responsibility for the following: a. The direction, supervision, and performance of the audit engagement in compliance with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements (Ref: par. A13 A15, A20) b. The auditor s report being appropriate in the circumstances Review 16. The engagement partner should take responsibility for reviews being performed in accordance with the firm s review policies and procedures. (Ref: par. A16 A17, A20) Page 13 of 25

14 17. On or before the date of the auditor s report, the engagement partner should, through a review of the audit documentation and discussion with the engagement team, be satisfied that sufficient appropriate audit evidence has been obtained to support the conclusions reached and for the auditor s report to be issued. (Ref: par. A18 A20) Consultation 18. The engagement partner should a. take responsibility for the engagement team undertaking appropriate consultation on difficult or contentious matters; b. be satisfied that members of the engagement team have undertaken appropriate consultation during the course of the engagement, both within the engagement team and between the engagement team and others at the appropriate level within or outside the firm; c. be satisfied that the nature and scope of such consultations are agreed upon with, and conclusions resulting from such consultations are understood by, the party consulted; and d. determine that conclusions resulting from such consultations have been implemented. (Ref: par. A21 A22) Engagement Quality Control Review 19. For those audit engagements, if any, for which the firm has determined that an engagement quality control review is required, the engagement partner should a. determine that an engagement quality control reviewer has been appointed; b. discuss significant findings or issues arising during the audit engagement, including those identified during the engagement quality control review, with the engagement quality control reviewer; and c. not release the auditor s report until the completion of the engagement quality control review. (Ref: par. A23 A24) 20. The engagement quality control reviewer should perform an objective evaluation of the significant judgments made by the engagement team and the conclusions reached in formulating the auditor s report. This evaluation should involve a. discussion of significant findings or issues with the engagement partner; b. review of the financial statements and the proposed auditor s report; c. review of selected audit documentation relating to the significant judgments the engagement team made and the conclusions it reached; and d. evaluation of the conclusions reached in formulating the auditor s report and consideration of whether the proposed auditor s report is appropriate. (Ref: par. A26 A31) Page 14 of 25

15 Differences of Opinion 21. If differences of opinion arise within the engagement team with those consulted or, where applicable, between the engagement partner and the engagement quality control reviewer, the engagement team should follow the firm s policies and procedures for dealing with and resolving differences of opinion. Monitoring 22. An effective system of quality control includes a monitoring process designed to provide the firm with reasonable assurance that its policies and procedures relating to the system of quality control are relevant, adequate, and operating effectively. The engagement partner should consider a. the results of the firm s monitoring process as evidenced in the latest information circulated to the engagement partner by the firm and, if applicable, other network firms and b. whether deficiencies noted in that information may affect the audit engagement. (Ref: par. A32 A34) Documentation 23. The auditor should include the following in the audit documentation: 4 a. Issues identified with respect to compliance with relevant ethical requirements and how they were resolved b. Conclusions on compliance with independence requirements that apply to the audit engagement, and any relevant discussions with the firm that support these conclusions c. Conclusions reached regarding the acceptance and continuance of client relationships and audit engagements d. The nature and scope of, and conclusions resulting from, consultations undertaken during the course of the audit engagement. (Ref: par. A35) 24. The engagement quality control reviewer should document, for the audit engagement reviewed a. that the procedures required by the firm s policies on engagement quality control review have been performed; b. the date that the engagement quality control review was completed; and c. that the reviewer is not aware of any unresolved matters that would cause the reviewer to believe that the significant judgments that the engagement team made and the conclusions they reached were not appropriate. *** 4 CL section 339 Audit Documentation (Redrafted), paragraphs 8 12 and A6. Page 15 of 25

16 Application and Other Explanatory Material System of Quality Control and Role of Engagement Teams (Ref: par. 2) A1. Proposed SQCS A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted) addresses the firm s responsibilities to establish and maintain its system of quality controls for audit engagements. The system of quality control includes policies and procedures that address each of the following elements: Leadership responsibilities for quality within the firm Relevant ethical requirements Acceptance and continuance of client relationships and specific engagements Human resources Engagement performance Monitoring Reliance on the Firm s System of Quality Control (Ref: par. 4) A2. Unless the engagement partner determines that it is inappropriate to do so based on information provided by the firm or other parties, the engagement team may rely on the firm s system of quality control in relation to, for example competence of personnel through their recruitment and formal training. independence through the accumulation and communication of relevant independence information. maintenance of client relationships through acceptance and continuance systems. adherence to applicable legal and regulatory requirements through the monitoring process. Leadership Responsibilities for Quality on Audits (Ref: par. 8) A3. The actions of the engagement partner and appropriate messages to the other members of the engagement team, in taking responsibility for the overall quality on each audit engagement, emphasize a. the importance to audit quality of i. performing work that complies with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements; ii. complying with the firm s quality control policies and procedures as applicable; iii. issuing auditor s reports that are appropriate in the circumstances; and iv. the engagement team s ability to raise concerns without fear of reprisals; and Page 16 of 25

17 b. the fact that quality is essential in performing audit engagements. Relevant Ethical Requirements Compliance With Relevant Ethical Requirements (Ref: par. 9) A4. The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct establishes the fundamental principles of professional ethics, which include the following: Responsibilities The public interest Integrity Objectivity and independence Due care Threats to Independence (Ref: par. 11) A5. To identify independence issues related to personnel, the engagement partner may, in obtaining the relevant information from the firm, inspect a list of staff restricted from participation on the engagement. Other relevant information that the auditor may obtain from the firm includes the nonaudit services provided by the firm to the client. A6. The engagement partner may identify a threat to independence regarding the audit engagement that safeguards may not be able to eliminate or reduce to an acceptable level. In that case, as required by paragraph 11(c), the engagement partner reports to the relevant person(s) within the firm to determine appropriate action, which may include eliminating the activity or interest that creates the threat or withdrawing from the audit engagement, when withdrawal is possible under applicable law or regulation. Considerations Specific to Governmental Entities A7. Law or regulation may provide safeguards for the independence of governmental auditors and government audit organizations. However, in the absence of law or regulation, governmental auditors, or audit firms carrying out governmental audits, may need to adapt their approach in order to comply with the intent of paragraph 11. For example, audits conducted in accordance with Government Auditing Standards require the auditor to maintain independence and avoid situations that could lead third parties to conclude that the auditor is not able to maintain independence. This may include establishing supplemental safeguards to assist the auditor or audit organization in maintaining independence. Additionally, this may include, when law or regulation does not permit withdrawal from the engagement even when circumstances affecting the auditor s independence have arisen, disclosure in the auditor s report of such circumstances. Page 17 of 25

18 Acceptance and Continuance of Client Relationships and Audit Engagements (Ref: par. 12) A8. Proposed SQCS A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted) requires the firm to obtain information considered necessary in the circumstances before accepting an engagement with a new client, when deciding whether to continue an existing engagement, and when considering acceptance of a new engagement with an existing client. 5 Information such as the following assists the engagement partner in determining whether the conclusions reached regarding the acceptance and continuance of client relationships and audit engagements are appropriate: The integrity of the principal owners, key management, and those charged with governance of the entity Whether the engagement team is competent to perform the audit engagement and has the necessary capabilities, including time and resources Whether the firm and the engagement team can comply with relevant ethical requirements Significant findings or issues that have arisen during the current or previous audit engagement, and their implications for continuing the relationship Considerations Specific to Governmental Entities (Ref: par ) A9. For some governmental entities, auditors may be appointed in accordance with law or regulation, and the auditor might not be allowed to decline or withdraw from the engagement. Accordingly, certain of the requirements and considerations regarding the acceptance and continuance of client relationships and audit engagements as set out in paragraphs 12, 13, and A8 may not be relevant. Nonetheless, information gathered as a result of the process described may be valuable to governmental auditors in planning the audit, performing risk assessments, and in carrying out reporting responsibilities. Assignment of Engagement Teams (Ref: par. 14) A10. A person with expertise in a specialized area of accounting or auditing is a member of the engagement team if that person performs audit procedures on the engagement. This applies whether that person is an employee of the firm or a nonemployee engaged by the firm. However, a person with such expertise is not a member of the engagement team if that person s involvement with the engagement is only consultation. Consultations are addressed in paragraph 18 and paragraphs A21 A22. A11. When considering the appropriate competence and capabilities expected of the engagement team as a whole, the engagement partner may take into consideration such matters as the team s understanding of, and practical experience with, audit engagements of a similar nature and complexity through appropriate training and participation. understanding of professional standards and legal and regulatory requirements. 5 Proposed SQCS A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted), paragraph 27(a). Page 18 of 25

19 technical expertise, including expertise with relevant information technology and specialized areas of accounting or auditing. knowledge of relevant industries in which the client operates. ability to apply professional judgment. understanding of the firm s quality control policies and procedures. Considerations Specific to Governmental Entities (Ref: par. 14) A12. For audits of governmental entities, additional appropriate competence may include skills that are necessary to discharge the terms of the audit mandate of a particular law or regulation. Such competence may include knowledge of Government Auditing Standards and an understanding of the applicable reporting requirements, including reporting to the legislature or other governing body or in the public interest. The scope of a governmental audit may be broader, including, for example, additional requirements with respect to detecting misstatements that result from violations of provisions of contracts or grant agreements that could have a direct and material effect on the determination of financial statement amounts or the need to test and report on internal control. Engagement Performance Direction, Supervision, and Performance (Ref: par. 15(a)) A13. Direction of the engagement team involves informing the members of the engagement team of matters such as the following: Their responsibilities, including the need to comply with relevant ethical requirements, and to plan and perform an audit with professional skepticism as required by proposed SAS Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor, and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance With Generally Accepted Auditing Standards 6 Responsibilities of respective partners where more than one partner is involved in the conduct of an audit engagement The objectives of the work to be performed The nature of the entity s business Risk-related issues Problems that may arise The detailed approach to the performance of the engagement Discussion among members of the engagement team allows team members to raise questions so that appropriate communication can occur within the engagement team. 6 Proposed SAS Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor, and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, paragraph 15. Page 19 of 25

20 A14. Appropriate teamwork and training assist members of the engagement team to clearly understand the objectives of the assigned work. A15. Supervision includes matters such as the following: Tracking the progress of the audit engagement Considering the competence and capabilities of individual members of the engagement team, including whether they have sufficient time to carry out their work, whether they understand their instructions, and whether the work is being carried out in accordance with the planned approach to the audit engagement Addressing significant findings or issues arising during the audit engagement, considering their significance, and modifying the planned approach appropriately Identifying matters for consultation or consideration by qualified engagement team members during the audit engagement Review Review Responsibilities (Ref: par. 16) A16. Under proposed SQCS A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted), the firm s review responsibilities policies and procedures are determined on the basis that suitably experienced team members review the work of other team members. 7 A17. A review consists of consideration of whether, for example the work has been performed in accordance with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements; significant findings or issues have been raised for further consideration; appropriate consultations have taken place, and the resulting conclusions have been documented and implemented; the nature, timing, and extent of work performed is appropriate and without need for revision; the work performed supports the conclusions reached and is appropriately documented; the evidence obtained is sufficient and appropriate to support the auditor s report; and the objectives of the engagement procedures have been achieved. The Engagement Partner s Review of Work Performed (Ref: par. 17) A18. Timely reviews of the following by the engagement partner at appropriate stages during the engagement allow significant findings or issues to be resolved on a timely basis to the engagement partner s satisfaction on or before the date of the auditor s report: 7 Proposed SQCS A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted), paragraph 35. Page 20 of 25

21 Critical areas of judgment, especially those relating to difficult or contentious matters identified during the course of the engagement Significant risks Other areas the engagement partner considers important The engagement partner need not review all audit documentation but may do so. However, as required by CL section 339, Audit Documentation (Redrafted) (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1), the partner documents the extent and timing of the reviews. 8 A19. An engagement partner taking over an audit during the engagement may apply the review procedures as described in paragraph A18 to review the work performed to the date of the change in order to assume the responsibilities of an engagement partner. Considerations Relevant Where a Member of the Engagement Team With Expertise in a Specialized Area of Accounting or Auditing is Used (Ref: par ) A20. When a member of the engagement team with expertise in a specialized area of accounting or auditing is used, direction, supervision, and review of that engagement team member s work may include matters such as the following: Agreeing with that member upon the nature, scope, and objectives of that member s work and the respective roles of, and the nature, timing, and extent of communication between that member and other members of the engagement team Evaluating the adequacy of that member s work, including the relevance and reasonableness of that member s findings or conclusions and their consistency with other audit evidence Consultation (Ref: par. 18) A21. Effective consultation on significant technical, ethical, and other matters within the firm or, where applicable, outside the firm, can be achieved when those consulted are given all the relevant facts that will enable them to provide informed advice; and have appropriate knowledge, authority, and experience. A22. It may be appropriate for the engagement team to consult outside the firm, for example, when the firm lacks appropriate internal resources. They may take advantage of advisory services provided by other firms, professional and regulatory bodies, or commercial organizations that provide relevant quality control services. Engagement Quality Control Review Completion of the Engagement Quality Control Review Before Releasing the Auditor s Report (Ref: par. 19(c)) 8 CL section 339, Audit Documentation (Redrafted), paragraph 10(c). Page 21 of 25

22 A23. Conducting the engagement quality control review in a timely manner at appropriate stages during the engagement allows significant findings or issues to be promptly resolved to the engagement quality control reviewer s satisfaction. A24. Completion of the engagement quality control review means the completion by the engagement quality control reviewer of the requirements in paragraph 20 and, where applicable, compliance with paragraph 21. Documentation of the engagement quality control review may be completed after the report release date as part of the assembly of the final audit file. CL section 339, Audit Documentation (Redrafted) establishes requirements and provides guidance in this regard. 9 A25. When the engagement quality control review is completed after the auditor s report is dated and identifies instances where additional procedures are needed or additional evidence is required, the date of the report is changed to the date when the additional procedures have been satisfactorily completed or the additional evidence has been obtained, in accordance with AU section 530, Dating of the Independent Auditor s Report (AICPA, Professional Standards, vol. 1). Nature, Extent, and Timing of Engagement Quality Control Review (Ref: par. 20) A26. By remaining alert for changes in circumstances, the engagement partner can identify situations in which an engagement quality control review is necessary, even though at the start of the engagement, such a review was not required. A27. The extent of the engagement quality control review may depend, among other things, on the complexity of the audit engagement and the risk that the auditor s report might not be appropriate in the circumstances. The performance of an engagement quality control review does not reduce the responsibilities of the engagement partner for the audit engagement and its performance. A28. Matters relevant to evaluating the significant judgments made by the engagement team that may be considered in an engagement quality control review include the following: Significant risks identified during the engagement in accordance with proposed SAS Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement and the responses to those risks in accordance with proposed SAS Performing Audit Procedures in Response to Assessed Risk, including the engagement team s assessment of, and response to, the risk of fraud in accordance with proposed SAS Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit Judgments made, particularly with respect to materiality and significant risks The significance and disposition of corrected and uncorrected misstatements identified during the audit The matters to be communicated to management and those charged with governance and, where applicable, other parties such as regulatory bodies A29. The engagement quality control reviewer may also consider the following: 9 CL section 339, Audit Documentation (Redrafted), paragraphs and A24 A28. Page 22 of 25

23 The engagement team s evaluation of the firm s independence in relation to the audit engagement Whether appropriate consultation has taken place on matters involving differences of opinion or other difficult or contentious matters, and the conclusions arising from those consultations Whether audit documentation selected for review indicates that the audit team responded appropriately to significant risks and supports the conclusions reached Considerations Specific to Smaller, Less Complex Entities (Ref: par ) A30. An engagement quality control review is required for audit engagements that meet the criteria established by the firm that subjects engagements to an engagement quality control review. In some cases, none of the firm s audit engagements may meet the criteria that would subject them to such a review. Considerations Specific to Governmental Entities (Ref: par. 20) A31. A statutorily appointed auditor (for example, an Auditor General or other suitably qualified person within the audit organization acting on behalf of the Auditor General), may act in a role equivalent to that of engagement partner with overall responsibility for the governmental audit. In such circumstances, where applicable, the selection of the engagement quality control reviewer includes consideration of the need for independence from the audited entity and the ability of the engagement quality control reviewer to provide an objective evaluation. Monitoring (Ref: par. 22) A32. Proposed SQCS A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted) requires the firm to establish a monitoring process designed to provide it with reasonable assurance that the policies and procedures relating to the system of quality control is relevant, adequate, and operating effectively. 10 A33. In considering deficiencies that may affect the audit engagement, the engagement partner may consider measures the firm took to rectify the situation that the engagement partner considers sufficient in the context of that audit. A34. A deficiency in the firm s system of quality control does not necessarily indicate that a particular audit engagement was not performed in accordance with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements, or that the auditor s report was not appropriate. Documentation Documentation of Consultations (Ref: par. 23(d)) 10 Proposed SQCS A Firm s System of Quality Control (Redrafted), paragraph 50. Page 23 of 25

24 A35. Documentation of consultations with other professionals involving difficult or contentious matters, that is sufficiently complete and detailed, contributes to an understanding of the issue on which consultation was sought; and the results of the consultation, including any decisions made, the basis for those decisions, and how they were implemented. Page 24 of 25

25 A36. Exhibit: Comparison of Requirements of Proposed Statement on Auditing Standards Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements With Requirements of International Standard on Auditing No. 220, Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements This analysis was prepared by the Audit and Attest Standards staff to highlight substantive differences between the proposed Statement on Auditing Standards, Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements, with International Standard on Auditing No. 220, Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements, and the rationale therefore. This analysis is not authoritative and is prepared for informational purposes only. It has not been acted on or reviewed by the Auditing Standards Board. The Auditing Standards Board (ASB) has made various changes to the language throughout the proposed Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS), Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements, with International Standard on Auditing (ISA) No. 220, Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements. Such changes have been made to use terms applicable in the United States and to make the SAS easier to read and apply. The ASB believes that such changes will not create differences between the application of ISA No. 220 and the application of the proposed SAS. Paragraph 19 of the proposed SAS requires that when an engagement quality control review is performed, the engagement quality control review be completed before the engagement partner releases the auditor s report. Paragraph 19 of ISA No. 220 requires that the quality control review be completed before the engagement partner dates the auditor s report. The ASB believes that that an engagement quality control review is an independent review of the engagement team s significant judgments, including the date selected by the engagement team to date the report. As noted in the application material to the proposed SAS, when the engagement quality control review results in additional procedures being performed, the date of the report would be changed. Page 25 of 25