Chapters 14 and 15. Business Management. Date

Transcription

1 Chapters 14 and 15 Business Management Date

2 Motivation Understand what motivation is! Intrinsic and extrinsic needs! Theories: Taylor, Maslow, McGregor and Herzberg! Different forms of motivation 01

3 What is Motivation? Signs of Poor Motivation to look for:

4 Questions manager should ask themselves: 1.Do you personally thank staff for a job well done?! 2.Is feedback timely and specific?! 3.Do you make time to meet with and listen to staff on a regular basis?! 4.Is your workplace open, trusting, and fun?! 5.Do you encourage and reward initiative and new ideas?! 6.Do you share information about your organization with staff on a regular basis?! 7.Do you involve staff in decisions, especially those that will affect them?! 8.Do you provide staff with a sense of ownership of their jobs and the unit as a whole?! 9.Do you give associates the chance to succeed?! 10.Do you reward staff based on their performance? source

5 What Motivates People?

6 Motivation Theories Taylor! Maslow! McGregor! Herzberg

7 F.W. Taylor (Scientific Management) First to analyze worker behavior/ wanted to reduct inefficiency! At the time Most workers were untrained and non-specialized. They were poorly led by supervisors and managers with little or no formal training in dealing with people. 1.Select workers to perform a task.! 2.Observe them performing the task and note the key elements of it.! 3.Record the time taken to do each part of the task.! 4.Identify the quickest method recorded.! 5.Train all workers in the quickest method and do not allow them to make any changes to it.! 6.Supervise workers to ensure that this best way is being carried out and time them to check that the set time is not being exceeded.! 7.Pay workers on the basis of results based on the theory of economic man 01

8 F.W. Taylor (Scientific Management) 01

9 Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of Human Needs) One criticism is that self-actualization is never permanent.! As a manager what can you do about this? 01

10 Douglas McGregor (X and Y Theory) The general view is that workers will behave in such a way as a result of the attitudes management have of them. Theory x ('authoritarian management' style)! The average person dislikes work and will avoid it he/she can.! Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organizational objectives.! The average person prefers to be directed; to avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else.!! Theory y ('participative management' style)! Effort in work is as natural as work and play.! People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organizational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment.! Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement.! People usually accept and often seek responsibility.! The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organizational problems is widely, not narrowly, distributed in the population.! In industry the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilized. 01

11 Fredrick Herzberg (Two-Factor Theory) The conclusion he drew is that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are not opposites.! The opposite of Satisfaction is No Satisfaction.! The opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction. Herzberg asked people to describe situations where they felt really good, and really bad, about their jobs.! He found that people who felt good about their jobs gave very different responses from the people who felt bad. Remedying the causes of dissatisfaction will not create satisfaction.! Therefore, if you set about eliminating dissatisfying job factors you may create peace, but not necessarily enhance performance 01

12 (Two-Factor Theory) -When you want to motivate people, first get rid of the things that are annoying them about the company and the workplace. Make sure they're treated fairly, and with respect.! -Once you've done this, look for ways in which you can help people grow within their jobs, give them opportunities for achievement, and praise that achievement wherever you find it. 01

13 Video

14 Chapter 15: Organizational and Corporate Culture No company, small or large, can win over the long run without energized employees who believe in the mission and understand how to achieve it. ~Jack Welch

15 Changing Organizational Culture