21 st Century Leadership Chat

Transcription

1 21 st Century Leadership Chat November 2, 2016 Slide 1 What Makes a Leader Transformational? Published by Leadership Excellence Essentials May 2016, Shawn M. Galloway Are Your Supervisors Cops or Coaches? Published by BIC October 2015, Shawn M. Galloway

2 Pessimism vs- Optimism The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees opportunity in every difficulty. Winston Churchill The pessimist sees failure in every accident. The optimist sees opportunity to analyze, learn and prevent recurrence in every accident. The only time a accident is totally negative is when we do not learn from it. Dale Janes November 2, 2016 Slide 2

3 Session Objectives Define actions prior to unwanted event Safety Safety Leadership Safety Coaching Post incident questions Describe how to complete the four steps of an investigation of unwanted event: Team selection List facts (no unacceptable facts) Construct a tree/diagram of facts Decide corrective actions to prevent recurrences 2016 OSHA final rule issued to improve tracking of workplace injuries November 2, 2016 Slide 3

4 Group Exercise Team #1 s What is safety? Slogan? Team #2 s What is safety leadership? Team #3 s What is a safety coaching? Team #4 s What is the most important questions after an injury? November 2, 2016 Slide 4

5 Safety Leadership Make the commitment to safety Demonstrate commitment - Walk the talk Be accountable for safety performance Encourage others to accept responsibility for safety Create a culture that values safety November 2, 2016 Slide 5

6 5 Key Coaching Tips - Coaching for Safety Success Safety it s a mindset. All good coaching starts by communicating the good and the goal. Coach as Encourager: Reinforce safe behaviors Coach as Mentor: Ask solution-focused questions Coach as Re-director: Redirect unsafe behavior by using the WIN formula. Remind them of the good and the goal. Tell what you Witnessed Share the Impact of their behavior. (Ask some solution-focused questions.) Tell what you Need from them, and get their commitment. November 2, 2016 Slide 6

7 Why do you want to know why an unwanted event occurs? Prevent further incidents Protect employees Save company money / protect jobs November 2, 2016 Slide 7

8 A QUIZ! TO BE SURE YOU ARE COMFORTABLE WITH THESE FACT WRITING IDEAS.. LETS TAKE A QUIZ November 2, 2016 Slide 8

9 TIMED QUIZ YOU WILL BE GIVEN A QUIZ LEAVE IT FACE DOWN UNTIL THE TIME STARTS YOU WILL HAVE 60 SECONDS TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS November 2, 2016 Slide 9

10 READ THE FOLLOWING STORY. THEN COMPLETE THE QUIZ. On a bright sunny day, a contractor arrived at a construction site. An accident had occurred. A worker, wearing safety glasses, hard hat and safety harness, was shouting, in Italian, at a co-worker standing nearby. The other worker was wearing no safety equipment. It seems a beam had fallen and ruined a day s work. Watching the discussion were two other workers. One, a young bearded worker, was chatting with another worker who had long hair and wore jeans. November 2, 2016 Slide 10

11 60 SECONDS There are 5 people at the site. T F? 2. It is spring or summer. T F? 3. A steel beam has fallen. T F? 4. The contractor saw a worker shouting. T F? 5. The worker was shouting to tell his friend the boss was coming. T F? 6. One worker is Italian. T F? 7. The worker wearing the safety equipment did not cause the accident T F? 8. The worker not wearing safety equipment caused the accident. T F? November 2, 2016 Slide 11

12 60 SECONDS The worker not wearing safety equipment is not safety conscious. T F? 10. Management is only concerned about meeting the work schedule. T F? 11. The two workers chatting are wasting time. T F? 12. The bearded worker is chatting with a woman. T F? 13. If the long haired person in jeans is a man, is it possible that the bearded man loves him? T F? 14. This is a good time to have a safety meeting. T F? 15. Did you identify any mental models that might allow you to jump to unfounded conclusions? T F? 16. Did answering these questions change your first impression of the scene? T F? 17. No one was injured so the accident is no big deal. T F? November 2, 2016 Slide 12

13 Basic Principles An accident results from a combination of several causes. The solution to each accident can be found in a detailed analysis of the accident itself. November 2, 2016 Slide 13

14 Overview of the method 1. ASSEMBLE A TEAM 2. DEVELOP A LIST OF FACTS 3. CONSTRUCT A FACT DIAGRAM 4. IDENTIFY TARGET FACTS AND SELECT CORRECTIVE ACTIONS November 2, 2016 Slide 14

15 Step #2 Develop a list of facts Rules: ONE FACT AT A TIME DO NOT MAKE VALUE JUDGMENTS DO NOT INTERPRET JUDGE JUDGE JUDGE November 2, 2016 Slide 15

16 Definitions / Discussion ONE FACT AT A TIME Work through each fact on its own before moving on to the next Order is not important at this point NO INTERPRETATION Avoid to interpret facts in a particular way (i.e., Aisle too narrow, etc.) November 2, 2016 Slide 16

17 Definitions / Discussion DON T MAKE VALUE JUDGMENTS Above all do not be negative. Facts are facts, not good or bad, they just are what they are. (i.e., Unsafe, careless, bad design, poor judgement, etc.) November 2, 2016 Slide 17

18 Are we close? He was not wearing a forearm guard He was using a utility knife Exposed blade Seven cm long cut to left forearm RULES 1. ONE FACT AT A TIME 2. DO NOT MAKE VALUE JUDGMENTS 3. DO NOT INTERPRET He did not know about forearm guards Cut towards himself November 2, 2016 Slide 18

19 What are the key questions again? What is the cause of this fact? Was it necessary? Was it sufficient? November 2, 2016 Slide 19

20 FIND THE END RESULT He was not wearing a forearm guard Exposed blade He was using a utility knife Seven cm long Seven cut to cm left long cut to forearm left forearm He did not know about forearm guards Cut towards himself November 2, 2016 Slide 20

21 SELECT A NEW RESULT IDENTIFY THE FACT(S) THAT DIRECTLY CAUSED IT TO OCCUR? He did not know about forearm guards He was not wearing a forearm guard Cut towards himself Seven cm long cut to left forearm? He was using a a utility knife Exposed blade November 2, 2016 Slide 21

22 Which is the correct logic diagram? Fact List: 1. Usual fork truck driver away 2. Supervisor drives the fork truck A 2 3. An urgent loading job 4. No one else available to drive the fork truck 1 3 B C 4 2 November 2, 2016 Slide 22 3

23 Which is the correct logic diagram? Fact List: 1. Slippery road 2. Branch on the road 3. Heavy storm 3 A 1 2 B Telephones out of order C November 2, 2016 Slide 23

24 Basic Principle of Identifying Causes Accident Fire - Triangle Organizational Flammable Material Material Air/Oxygen All three together = danger Human Heat Two or less = reduced or eliminated danger The balance of the components determines the effectiveness of the interactions November 2, 2016 Slide 24

25 Organizational Solutions Clarify Assignments Use a checklist Upgrade training Improve Supervisory Example Establish Operating Controls Improve Hazard Assessment Revise Procedure Improve Training Assessment Increase Audit Effort Resolve Conflict in Priorities Improve Work Planning November 2, 2016 Slide 25

26 Material Solutions Modify Equipment Design (Materials of Construction, Size, Pressure and Temperature Constraints, etc.) Add Guarding Instrumentation and Controls Management of Change Modify Preventative Maintenance Reduce Noise Increase Lighting Change Specifications Communicate Limitations November 2, 2016 Slide 26

27 Human Solutions Improve Hazard Recognition Address Physical Limitations Improve Procedure Use Increase Knowledge Re-Train on Procedure Improve Clarity of Directions Resolve Conflicting Demands Address Mental Limitations Address Fatigue Address Drug / Alcohol Issues Address Conduct or Behaviour Problem November 2, 2016 Slide 27

28 Which facts would you target? He did not know about forearm guards He was not wearing a forearm guard Human Organizational Material Cut towards himself Seven cm long cut to left forearm He was using a utility knife Exposed blade November 2, 2016 Slide 28

29 Step 4 Identify target facts and selecting corrective actions TARGET CORRECTIVE ACTIONS BY DATE ORGANIZATION He did not know about forearm guards HUMAN Cut towards himself Add use of forearm guards to departmental rules and training. Employee has committed to follow rule. VLM PKL x/x/xx x/x/xx MATERIAL He was using utility knife Utility knifes will be replaced with box cutting knives that guard the blade. CKS x/x/xx November 2, 2016 Slide 29

30 Investigation Method 1. ASSEMBLE A TEAM (Consider: Injured, observers, safety professional, person experienced in the method, safety committee member, decision maker, supervisor.) 2. DEVELOP A LIST OF FACTS Rules: a. One fact at a time. b. No value judgments c. No interpretations 3. CONSTRUCT A DIAGRAM a. Find the end result b. Identify the fact(s) that directly caused it to occur c. Check your logic i. Was it necessary? ii. Is/are the fact(s) sufficient? a. If not, what else directly caused it? b. If the fact(s) are both necessary and sufficient, start again with a new result. 4. IDENTIFY TARGET FACTS AND SELECT CORRECTIVE ACTIONS November 2, 2016 Slide 30

31 Giving is the best communication November 2, 2016 Slide 31

32 Background New Recording Rule OSHA Electronic Recording Rule Summary Post-Accident Drug Screens OSHA Recordables

33 Requires covered employers to submit injury and illness data electronically to OSHA on an annual basis 2016 Amendments Effective December 1, 2016 Requires employers to inform employees of their right to report injuries free from retaliation Requires employers to establish an injury reporting method that will not discourage employees from reporting Prohibits employers from retaliating against employees for reporting injuries OSHA announced that automatic post-injury drug testing deters reporting of injuries and violates the rule.

34 OSHA recordable injury and workers compensation requirements are NOT the same Review of Recordkeeping Requirements OSHA Recording Criteria: Work related New case General recording criteria Death Days away Restricted work Treatment beyond first aid Loss of consciousness Significant injury diagnosed Workers Comp Criteria: In the course of and arising out of employment Must establish a causal relationship by a preponderance of the evidence

35 Must inform each employee of how he or she is to report a work-related injury or illness (document in writing) Employee Involvement in Injury Reporting The reporting procedure must be reasonable The procedure is not reasonable if it deters or discourages accurate reporting The procedure should encourage prompt and accurate reporting

36 Inform Employees of Anti-Discrimination Policy Employees have the right to report injuries and illnesses Employers must not discharge or discriminate against any employee for reporting a workrelated injury or illness Employers are prohibited from discharging or discriminating against employees for reporting workrelated injuries and illnesses Document the training in writing

37 Access to Records Who? Employees and former employees Personal representatives Authorized representatives-union rep Personal representative means: Any person the employee or former employee designates in writing The legal representative of a deceased or legally incapacitated employee or former employee

38 OSHA and Post- Accident Drug Testing Drug testing should be used when the testing can accurately identify impairment caused by drug use It is a form of adverse action that can discourage reporting Drug testing should be limited to situations where drug use likely contributed to the incident Blanket postinjury drug testing policies deter reporting

39 Examples Bee sting injury OSHA provided examples of situations when post-accident drug testing would violate the rule Repetitive strain injury Injury caused by a lack of machine guarding Injury caused by machine malfunction

40 OSHA Comments About Post- Accident Drug Testing Drug testing that is designed in a way that may be perceived as punitive or embarrassing to the employee is likely to deter reporting Drug testing that deters reporting Should be a reasonable possibility that drug use was a contributing factor to the injury However, the employer need not suspect drug use before the injury In order for the employer to require postaccident drug testing

41 Drug Testing, OSHA, and Workers Comp If drug testing is performed to comply with the requirements if a state or federal law or regulation, the employer s motive would not be retaliatory and the final rule would not prohibit such testing Section 4(b)(4) of OSH Act prohibits OSHA from suspending or affecting workers compensation laws