Tourism entrepreneurship policy: a hybrid MCDM model combining DEMATEL and ANP (DANP)

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1 Deision Siene Letters 6 (2017) Contents lists available at GrowingSiene Deision Siene Letters homepage: Tourism entrepreneurship poliy: a hybrid MCDM model ombining DEMATEL and ANP (DANP) Saeed Jafari-Moghadam a, Mohammad Reza Zali b and Hadi Sanaeepour * a, Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Faulty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran b Department of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Faulty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Entrepreneurship Development, Faulty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran C H R O N I C L E A B S T R A C T Artile history: Reeived September 3, 2016 Reeived in revised format: Otober 22, 2016 Aepted Deember 27, 2016 Available online Deember Keywords: Tourism poliy Entrepreneurship New hybrid MCDM model DEMATEL-based ANP (DANP) Small and Medium Enterprises (SME s), and Entrepreneurial businesses (EB) play an important role in tourism sine tourism has inreasingly beome the largest eonomi setor. Entrepreneurships known as a mean of eonomi development and poliymakers are looking for reating a ompetitive and dynami entrepreneurial eonomy. The aim of this study is to present a model for entrepreneurship tourism poliy by using entrepreneurship development framework, whih interats with eonomi development. To this purpose, entrepreneurship poliy dimensions are weighted and prioritized by tourism entrepreneurs, tourism poliymakers and experts using deision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) tehnique and Analytial Network Proess (ANP) tehnique. First, DEMATEL tehnique is used to identify omplex relationships, and to form a network relationship map. Then, ANP tehnique is used to alulate the influential weights of poliy riteria. Results show that poliymakers for entrepreneurship development in tourism need to onsider basi requirements fators. In addition, they should improve effiieny enhaner riteria as well as innovation driver riteria. Also, the relationship among dimensions and their influenes on eah other are illustrated. Using the apabilities of this method, we an determine the asual relationships between dimensions and riteria and identify priorities for poliy Growing Siene Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introdution Nowadays, in many ountries, tourism is onsidered as the primary soure of revenue, employment, growth of private setor and development of infrastruture. World Tourism Organization reports show that tourism would be inreasingly developed to beome the largest eonomi setor, as the world's number one industry to 2020 (UNWTO, 2011, p. 26). Then, one of every 11 jobs and 30% of servies exports are devoted to tourism (UNWTO, 2015; Hamzah, 2004). * Corresponding author. address: hadisanaeepour@ut.a.ir (H. Sanaeepour) 2017 Growing Siene Ltd. All rights reserved. doi: /j.dsl

2 234 Iran s statistis indiate tourism industry has been growing and a portion of tourism in gross domesti produt and employment is inreasing, but it is ineffetiveness and nonompetitive (Blanke & Chiesa, 2013) beause of the high apaity of tourism absorption in Iran. Although, the ompetitive advantage of tourism and the role of tourism in generating inome, employment and national eonomi growth has been emphasized in the reent Iran's Development Plan (Iran's 6th Development Plan, ). Evidene and poliy douments indiate the lak of a omprehensive poliy in tourism. Comprehensive poliy ontains ontinuous proess of formulation, implementation and evaluation. However, in many poliy statements attention on poliy formulation phase and other phases has been ignored. The result of inattention to tourism poliy suggests that presently there is neither a national poliy (based on the regulated framework) in the ountry's tourism setor, nor any evidene of an attempt to design a model of entrepreneurship development poliy in the sphere of tourism by either publi authorities or private setor. This is despite the fat that in ountries where tourism plays a major role in the development, development poliies have been formulated and the roles and duties of publi and private setor has been speified. For the purposes of inome and employment generation, tourism poliymaker setup poliies aimed at supporting entrepreneurial ativities in tourism and enouraging people to develop entrepreneurship in tourism (Saufi, 2013, p ). In reent years, there has been some interests on the development of tourism businesses by poliy makers but few studies have been aomplished in this regard (Thomas et al., 2011, p. 963). Saufi (2013) noted that entrepreneurship in tourism has reeived little attention; however there are numerous studies on entrepreneurship and tourism, as two separate issues (Saufi, 2013, p ). Tourism is formed of multiple businesses whih provide a variety of servies for tourists. Tourism business involves in various fields suh as transportation, hospitality, travel and tour agents, advertising and promotion, finane and insurane, rereation, et. (Uriely, et al., 2002, p. 88). Also, tourism has provided the ability of market opportunity identifiation and produts development and reated new opportunities for the use of resoures (Lordkipanidze et al., 2005; Deelle, 2004). Entrepreneurship is seen as a mean of eonomi growth and soial development (Tsai & Kuo, 2011) and poliy-makers are looking to find the answer to the question of how to reate a ompetitive and dynami entrepreneurial eonomy (Stevenson & Lundström, 2001). Beause businesses play an important role in tourism, in this study we present a model for entrepreneurship tourism poliy. We also hoose a famous model of entrepreneurship development as a basis and entrepreneurship poliy dimensions. This study, by using the eonomi development Mihael Porter's theory, endeavors to fill the existing gap (Ás, et al., 2016, p. 17). For this aim, a new hybrid Multi Criteria Deision Making (MCDM) model is antiipated assessed by expert groups. A deision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is used to identify omplex relationships and to form a network relation map (NRM). Then, the DANP (DEMATELbased ANP) method is used to alulate the influential weights of riteria to solve problems of dependene and feedbak among riteria and alternatives (Liu et al., 2012). Then, effets of ausal relationships between dimensions and riteria for entrepreneurship poliy in tourism are evaluated, and relationship between dimensions and riteria are illustrated by DEMETEL tehnique. Finally, dimensions and riteria are prioritized and they are weighted by ANP tehnique. Afterwards, we present an empirial ase for tourism poliy in Iran, and expetantly ontribute to tourism poliy system. 2. Review of entrepreneurship poliy in tourism Poliy is a multifaeted phenomenon. In summary, Poliy is a set of relatively stable and purposeful ation provided by a person or group of ators for a publi problem or general onern (Anderson, 2004). From the perspetive of Hall and Jenkins (2004), tourism poliy inludes all government hoies to do or not to do in tourism. Tourism poliy also inludes researhers insight about the extensive researh realm (Garia, 2014, P. 34). Entrepreneurship poliy is a aguidane of eonomi and soial

3 S. Jafari-Moghadam et al. / Deision Siene Letters 6 (2017) 235 ativities for people and their businesses (Rigby & Ramlogan, 2013) and means for promoting entrepreneurship, whih an be foused on pre-and post-launh businesses (Lundström & Stevenson, 2002). Entrepreneurship poliy is a new approah to poliy making that fouses on individuals and SME s that fouses on orporate and ompanies (Norbak et al., 2014, p. 2). Entrepreneurship poliy involves orreting maroeonomi poliy, exhange rates, trade and industrial poliies and governane improvement (Ás & Virgill, 2010, P. 485). Entrepreneurship poliy is a tool to promote entrepreneurship. It aims to make an impat on the proess of business reation and designed based on the three areas of motivation, opportunity and skill. Also its primary purpose is to enourage and motivate more people towards entrepreneurship (Stevenson & Lundström, 2001, p. 4). Researh arried out in the study of entrepreneurship poliy shows several fators are effetive suh as the development of training programs and onsulting, infrastruture and finanial support, R & D (Redford, 2012; Audretsh et al., 2007; Ás & Szerb, 2007; Henrekson & Stenkula, 2010), ulture of entrepreneurship, intelletual property rights (Audretsh et al., 2007; Ás & Szerb, 2007; Henrekson & Stenkula, 2010), empowering entrepreneurs and knowledge ommerialization, reate entrepreneurial eonomy, inrease the level of entrepreneurial ativities and aess to foreign tehnology, and tax support (Ás & Szerb, 2007), improving the environment, providing eonomi inentives, politial, ultural and struture, aess to resoures (Stevenson & Lundström, 2007) and formal institutional fators, namely finanial, government poliies, researh and development, business infrastruture and servies and informal institutional fators suh as soial and ultural norms, setting up business opportunities, develop skills, soial image entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurship development in ommunity (Alvarez et al., 2011; Audretsh et al., 2007). Researh made on tourism poliy suggests that fators suh as infrastruture development, reate the perfet image of the ountry at the international level, the balane of politial and finanial support (Garia, 2014), enhaning skills and knowledge, promotion of tehnial equipment, legal support, finanial support and aeptane of the ommunity (Najda-Janoszka & Koperaa, 2014), provide inentives, development of inter-ageny ooperation, failitate ooperation and oordination (Wang & Ap, 2013), strengthening of entrepreneurial harateristis suh as risk-taking, innovation and opportunity reognition, eduation and training, tehnology development and finanial support (Jaafar et al., 2011; Nybakk & Hansen, 2008). Few studies have presented a method for assessing wrapped national tourism poliies (Liu et al., 2012, p. 413). For example, Hall and Jenkins (2004) notied how some aspets of entrepreneurship poliy an affet tourism. They proposed framework to show how different types of poliies an be effetive on the business development. Although this ould partly ompensate for the lak of researh in this area, for future researh, the wide range of effetive poliies on Entrepreneurship in Tourism is required (Thomas et al., 2011, p. 968). Garia (2014) studied tourism poliy in Spain and Portugal with the omparative method. The results show that external fators (bad ountry image, isolation and falling away toward tourism) and internal fators (politial instability, lak of apital and poor infrastruture) influened on urrent growth rates of tourism. He knows that entrepreneurship poliy in tourism is a omplex and interdisiplinary that needs supplementary investigation (Garia, 2014). Jaafar et al. (2011) studied entrepreneurship in the tourism industry and offered reommendations for developing ountry. They determined that demographi harateristis of tourism SME's was diretly related to their survival. Managers should also strengthen knowledge and skills, and the government an play an effetive role in tourism promotion (Jaafar et al., 2011). Most researhs on entrepreneurship poliy, insist on several fators that are not designed speifially for tourism and tourism businesses. Although some of these studies aquire some theoretial values, but few studies have foused on poliies of tourism businesses (Thomas et al., 2011, p. 968). With regards to these studies, in previous studies people only attended to some fators influening on tourism poliy.

4 Coneptual frameworks In this study, we use global entrepreneurship development Index (GEDI) introdued by As and Szerb (2010). In this model, orrelation between eonomi development and global entrepreneurship development Index (GEDI) between ountries is investigated. Different levels of development are dependent on different stages of eonomi development (Ás & Szerb, 2010). In this theory, development is lassified into fator-driven, effiieny-driven and innovation-driven ountries. This lassifiation follows the 2008 Global Competitiveness Report whih was introdued by Porter and is related to entrepreneurship interat with eonomi development (Bosma et al., 2009, p. 4). Entrepreneurship Fator driven stage Effiieny driven stage Innovation driven stage Eonomi development Fig. 1. The S-Curve of Entrepreneurship (Ás, et al., 2016, p. 19) The fator-driven eonomy requires establishment of some basi requirements suh as infrastruture, institutions for eonomi development. It features traditional agriulture, raw materials extration and hard entralization. The effiieny-driven eonomy requires improving the effiieny enhaner fators suh as market effiieny and human resoures, tehnologial readiness, et. Soiety beomes industrialization and benefits aused by large sale produtions. Large ompanies dominate the eonomy, but there is a orner for SME's. The innovation-driven eonomy is also innovation driving fators suh as researh and development, property rights, et. In this stage, Knowledge-based eonomy and servies, developed and innovative entrepreneurial ativities are higher (Ás, et al., 2016, p. 17). 4. Building a new hybrid MCDM model for entrepreneurship poliymaking In this study, we use DANP model for evaluation and relationship entrepreneurship poliymaking dimensions and riteria in tourism. Tzeng and Huang (2011) indiate that methodology of MCDM enables us to onsider multiple riteria at the same time and also help the poliy makers assess the best options by sorting ases aording to the harateristis or riteria (Liu et al., 2012, p. 415). DANP is a type of MCDM model and a hybrid model, whih ombines DEMATEL and ANP to verify the effet of all dimensions and riteria, and to determine the importane of eah fator (Chen et al., 2011, p. 910). So in the first step of this proess, influential network relationship is established by a hybrid MCDM model with the DEMATEL tehnique and in the seond step, the quantity of influential weights an be obtained with the DANP. Also the influential weights of the DANP resulting from the network relation map (NRM), is based on the total influene matrix T of the DEMATEL tehnique (Hu et al., 2014, p. 4404). This study seeks to determine the influene relationship among dimensions and related riteria with the DEMATEL method and measures the weights of eah fator by ANP. DANP is a novel ombination of DEMATEL and ANP, adopted to alulate the weight of poliy riteria. DANP proposed by Ou Yang et al. (2008) to overoming problems by reognizing the dependene and feedbak of elements and fators. They proved that DANP ompared with ANP is more useful in the real world (Liu et al., 2012, p. 415).

5 S. Jafari-Moghadam et al. / Deision Siene Letters 6 (2017) Identifying dimensions and riteria for entrepreneurship poliymaking in tourism In this setion, we identify dimensions and riteria for entrepreneurship poliymaking in tourism. As mentioned earlier, is this study, we use GEM model. Therefore in this theory, we have three dimensions lassified into fator-driven ountries, effiieny-driven ountries and innovation-driven. Also related riteria for these dimensions are lassified in Table 1. Table 1 The dimensions of influene and riteria Dimension Basi Requirements (D 1) Effiieny Enhaners (D 2) Innovation Drivers (D 3) Criteria Legal and administrative framework (C1) Development of infrastruture (C2) The stability of the business environment (C3) Essential health are and basi eduation (C4) Produt and servie market effiieny (C5) Labor market effiieny (C6) Suffiient tehnologial readiness (C7) Higher eduation (C8) The effiieny of finanial markets (C9) The effetive size of the market (C10) Entrepreneurial Finane (C11) Government Poliy (C12) Intelletual property rights (C13) R&D transfer (C14) Physial infrastruture (C15) Cultural and soial norms (C16) Government Entrepreneurship Programs (C17) Entrepreneurship eduation (C18) Entry regulation (C19) Commerial and Legal infrastruture (C20) 4.2. Clarifying interrelations between dimensions and riteria In this setion, for larifying interrelations between dimensions and riteria for entrepreneurship poliymaking in tourism, we use The S-Curve of Entrepreneurship (As, et al., 2016, p.19) and onstrut our oneptual framework based on this theory. Small and medium enterprise (SME) and entrepreneurial businesses (EB) poliymaking in tourism Basi Requirements Effiieny Enhaners Innovation Drivers Commerial and Legal infrastruture Entry regulation Entrepreneurship eduation Government Entrepreneurship Programs Cultural and soial norms Physial infrastruture R&D transfer Intelletual property rights Government Poliy Entrepreneurial Finane The effetive size of the market The effiieny of finanial markets Higher eduation Suffiient tehnologial readiness Labor market effiieny Produt and servie market effiieny Essential health are and basi eduation The stability of the business environment Development of infrastruture Legal and administrative framework Fig. 2. Coneptualized framework of tourism entrepreneurship poliymaking In this theory, eonomi development is investigated in three levels of Fator-driven, Effiieny-driven and Innovation-driven. Therefore, for eonomi development in eah level, former level must be given.

6 238 In Fig. 2, we illuminate oneptual framework for tourism entrepreneurship poliymaking and show interrelations between dimensions and riteria DANP tehnique for building an a network relation map (NRM) The DEMATEL-based ANP tehnique (DANP) was used to investigate and to solve ompliated problems that deision makers is onerned. In this method, matrix and related math theories are used to alulate the ause and effet on eah element. This method an onvert the relationship between riteria into logial strutural model of the system. DANP has been widely used for omplex problems (see Fig. 3). However, this method has not often been used in the ontext of tourism and hospitality (Liu et al., 2012, p ). The DANP method summarized as follows. Step 1: Construt the measure sales of the diret relation matrix. This step is related to assessment experts in tourism, entrepreneurship and poliymaking. A survey was onduted via questionnaires distributed to these experts omprised of 19 expert poliymakers. The assessment is aomplished by interation between riteria by pair-wise omparisons and sore diret influene. The sale used hanges from 0 to 4, with sores represented by natural language: no influene (0), low influene (1), middle influene (2), high influene (3), and exessive influene (4). Step 2: Calulate the diret-influene matrix by sores. After omparison, the diret-influene matrix an be obtained from the onvergene of expert opinion where n n matrix, is denoted as the degree to whih the riterion i affets the riterion j. Matrix is aquired by using Eq. (1). Thus, the matrix ij G g of diret relationships an be obtained. n n g g g G g g g g g g 11 1 j 1n i 1 ij in n1 nj nn (1) aim Small and medium enterprise (SME) and entrepreneurial businesses (EB) poliymaking in tourism dimension Basi Requirements Effiieny Enhaners Innovation Drivers riteria Legal and administrative framework Development of infrastruture Thestability of the business environment Essential health are and basi eduation Produt and servie market effiieny Labor market effiieny Suffiient tehnologial readiness Higher eduation Theeffiieny of finanial markets The effetive size of the market Entrepreneurial Finane Government Poliy Intelletual property rights R&D transfer Physial infrastruture Cultural and soial norms Government Entrepreneurship Programs Entrepreneurship eduation Entry regulation Commerialand Legal infrastruture Fig. 3. Analyti framework of tourism entrepreneurship poliymaking

7 S. Jafari-Moghadam et al. / Deision Siene Letters 6 (2017) 239 Step 3: Normalize the diret-influene matrix G. The normalized matrix X is aquired by using Eq. (2). Its diagonal elements are zero, and the maximum sum of rows or olumns is one. X G where 1 1 v min ij,,, 1, 2,..., n n i j n ij ij max g max g i i j 1 i 1 (2) Step 4: Attain a total-influential matrix T. When the normalized diret-influene matrix is obtained, the total-influential matrix of the NRM an be obtained from Eq. (3), (Chiu et al., 2013). T= lim k (X 1 + X X k ) (3) 1 2 Step 5: Analyze the results by aquire r i s i and r i s i. At this stage, the row sums and the olumn sums of the matrix omponents are separately expressed as vetor r and s in whih r i and si are the sum of row and the sum of olumns of T respetively. To finalize the proedure, all alulated ( ri si) and ri siare performed by using Eq. (4) and (5). The horizontal axis vetor ( ri si) is defined by adding r i to s i to illustrate the importane of the riterion. Similarly, the vertial axis vetor ( ri si) is defined by subtrating r i from si whih may divide the riteria into a ausal and affeted luster. In general, when ( ri si) is positive, the riterion is part of the ausal group; i.e., riterion i affets other riteria. By ontrast, if ( ri si) is negative, the riterion is part of the affeted group; i.e., riterion i is influened by other riteria. Therefore, a ausal graph an be ahieved by mapping the data set of ( ri si, ri si) to provide a valuable approah to deide how the preferred values in eah dimension and riterion an be improved. n ij i r t t r1,..., r, n 1 i r n (4) j 1 n 1 n ij j s t t s1,..., s, n 1 j s n i 1 1 n Step 6: Attain Total-influential riteria matrix T C nd Total-influential dimensions matrix T D. The ij ij T C t C pertains to n riteria, while the TD td n n is devoted to m dimensions from total m m influential matrix T. (5) D D D 1 j m jn m n n j m m 1 j j 1 n g g g D n 1 i 1 i1 ij i n T C D i g i 2 g g in i D m 1 m m 2 n 1 n j n n g g g m n m (6)

8 240 Step 7: Find the normalized Total-influential dimensions matrix T D nor. The Total influential dimensions matrix TD needs to be normalized by dividing it using the following formula: t Di = D ij T D = (7) Thus, the total-influential matrix an be normalized and presented as TD nor. Then, the sum of eah row an be defined as td i = Dij where i = 1,,m, and TD an be normalized by the rows of sums by dividing the elements in eah line to the sum of the line noted in Eq. (7). Therefore, a total influential matrix TD an be normalized and represented as TD nor. TD nor = [t ij D / t i D ] m m, as in Eq. (8). Then, eah row of the normalized TD nor an be summed to equal one, so that Dnorij =1. T D nor = 11 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / / / 1 / / / = (8) Step 8: Find the normalized Total influential riteria matrix T C nor. The normalized Total-influential riteria matrix TC nor, an be obtained using the Eq. (9). D 1 D j D m 11 1n 1 j1 jn m 1 j m n m 11 nor nor 11 1 j nor T 1 m T T D n 1 i 1 nor nor i1 ij nor T im C nor D i T i 2 T T in i m 1 D m m 2 nor n 1 nor m j T nor m m T T m n m Step 9: Build an un-weighted super-matrix W C. Then, the total influential matrix is normalized into a super-matrix aording to the interdependene between the relations of the dimensions and related lusters to obtain an un-weighted super-matrix, WC, as shown in Eq. (10). Un-weighted super-matrix WC is the matrix transposed from TC nor (basi onept from the ANP by Saaty, but different from the traditional ANP). (9) D D D 1 j m m n m n m j jn 1 j 11 i1 m 1 W W W 11 D 1 1 n 1 nor i 1 1 j ij m j D i in1 m 1 D m 1 m im m m W W W m n m W ( T ) W W W C (10)

9 S. Jafari-Moghadam et al. / Deision Siene Letters 6 (2017) 241 Step 10: Find the influential weights of the DANP. A weighted super-matrix WC * (improving the traditional ANP by using the same weights to make it suitable for the real world) an be obtained by the produt of TD nor and WC, i.e., W * = TD nor W by Eq. (11). W * = T D nor W = Step 11: Obtain the DANP. Limit the weighted super-matrix by raising it to a suffiiently large power until it onverges and beome a long stable super-matrix term to obtain global priority vetor, whih defines the influential weights w = (w1,..., wj,..., wn) from lim ( W * ) for the riteria (Chiu et al., 2013). 5. An empirial ase: entrepreneurship poliymaking in tourism in Iran The aim of this study is introdue and examine a model for national entrepreneurship tourism poliy. To this purpose, one of the famous models of entrepreneurship development was seleted and riteria s using DANP were weighted and prioritized. For this aim, a new hybrid MCDM model is antiipated whih will be assessed by expert groups. Based on the results, this paper produes an systemati approah for entrepreneurship development in tourism based on hybrid MCDM (multiple riteria deision-making), whih shows the network relationships of the poliy riteria and proposes the most important dimensions and riteria s for entrepreneurship poliymaking in tourism in Iran Problem desriptions Tourism plays a deisive role for ountry s development and many ountries, set development plans based on the tourism and this setion beome the world's number one industry to Aordingly, tourism has beome one of the main enters of government attention and poliies and possible ations for the development of tourism are set. As mentioned at the beginning of the artile, statistis shows that tourism setion in Iran has been growing in reent years and perentage of tourism in gross domesti produt and employment is inreasing, but it is ineffetiveness and nonompetitive (Blanke & Chiesa, 2013). Atually, Iran has high apaity of tourism absorption, but unfortunately the ountry ignored in her poliy statements. Douments for development plan in Iran emphasized on omparative advantage of tourism and its role in eonomi development. On the other hand, Iran has a lot of apabilities and opportunities in tourism, but there are small share of the revenues alloated to tourism. (11) International Tourist Arrivals (1000) International Tourism Reeipts (US $ milion) Fig. 4. Iran s International Tourist Arrivals and Reeipts (UNWTO, 2013, p. 9)

10 242 Sine entrepreneurial businesses are the main ators of tourism, making appropriate poliies to promote entrepreneurship in toursim industry is more important than before Researh methodology As mentioned in the previous setion, in this study we use DANP proess for the development of entrepreneurship poliy in tourism. The study population onsisted of 18 sholars and researhers in the field of tourism, legislators, poliy makers and entrepreneurs in tourism. Seleted sample based on purposive sampling method and DANP questionnaires were distributed among seleted experts. In purposive sampling method, partiipants who ompleted the information on this subjet are experts in the field (Boswell & Cannon, 2012; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003) Results and analyses: Illustrate interrelations between poliy riteria After onstruting the measure sales of the diret relation matrix in step 1, a 0 4 sale measures is used for interrelationships appraise tourism poliy riteria by the expert panel. Then, diret-influene matrix is alulated through pair-wise omparison. Then, the diret-influene matrix is obtained in matrix (Appendix 1). In next step, matrix is normalized (Appendix 2) and aording to step 4, a total-influential matrix is alulated (Appendix 3). In next step, results are analyzed by aquiring ri siand r i s i, based on total-influential riteria matrix T C, are derived (Appendix 4). After that, in step 6, Sum of influenes given and reeived on dimensions and riteria are presented in Table 2. Aording to these results, we an map network relations (as shown in Fig. 5). Based on data from Table 2, Fig. 5 is drawn and network relationship map (NRM) of influential relationships is reated. Aording to these relationships, fator driven eonomy (D 1) is loated in a higher position and an affet the other dimensions,diretly. After that, there is effiieny driven eonomy (D 2), whih influenes on innovation driven eonomy (D 3). In addition, riteria related to any of the dimensions are illustrated in Fig. 5. In addition, the relationships between riteria and their influenes on eah other are shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 5. The NRM of influential relationships within entrepreneurship poliy system

11 S. Jafari-Moghadam et al. / Deision Siene Letters 6 (2017) 243 For example, the fator of driven eonomy (D 1) and the stability of the business environment (C 3) influene on other riteria s in ategory of fator driven eonomy. Aordingly, Legal and administrative framework (C 1) influenes on Development of infrastruture (C 2) and Essential health are and basi eduation (C 4). Eventually, Development of infrastruture (C 2) influenes on Essential health are and basi eduation (C 4). Based on these findings, not only poliymakers an identify the most important fators in tourism entrepreneurship development, but also they make it easy to identify priority through the omplex riteria. Table 2 Sum of influenes given and reeived on dimensions and riteria Dimensions / Criteria r i s i r i + s i r i - s i Basi Requirements (D 1) Legal and administrative framework (C1) Development of infrastruture (C2) The stability of the business environment (C3) Essential health are and basi eduation (C4) Effiieny Enhaners (D 2) Produt and servie market effiieny (C5) Labor market effiieny (C6) Suffiient tehnologial readiness (C7) Higher eduation (C8) The effiieny of finanial markets (C9) The effetive size of the market (C10) Innovation Drivers (D 3) Entrepreneurial Finane (C11) Government Poliy (C12) Intelletual property rights (C13) R&D transfer (C14) Physial infrastruture (C15) Cultural and soial norms (C16) Government Entrepreneurship Programs (C17) Entrepreneurship eduation (C18) Entry regulation (C19) Commerial and Legal infrastruture (C20) Calulating the weights by DANP model In previous steps, we illustrate influential relations between dimensions and riteria by DEMATEL tehnique. Then we onstitute network relations map (NRM) by Sum of influenes given and reeived on dimensions and riteria for entrepreneurship poliymaking in tourism. In this step, results of the previous steps must be weighted by ANP tehnique and interfering relations with the riteria whih onfirms and we an attain the most aurate weights. For this aims, we must ompare the interdependene between riteria s related to eah dimensions in the entire systems (see Fig. 3) and then to build an un-weighted super-matrix (Appendix 5) and weighted super-matrix (Appendix 6) through pair-wise omparisons. At the end of this proess, we an attain influential weights related to dimensions (Table no. 3). As noted in this table, the most important dimensions by stable matrix of DANP respetively are Basi Requirements, Effiieny Enhaners, and Innovation Drivers. Table 3 Influential weights related to dimensions by stable matrix of DANP Dimensions weight Basi Requirements (D 1) Effiieny Enhaners (D 2) Innovation Drivers (D 3) Also, influential weights related to different riteria by stable matrix of DANP are shown in Table 4. Moreover, in this table, we alulate the relative weights for all riteria related to dimensions weights.

12 244 Table 4 Influential weights related to riterias by stable matrix of DANP Criteria weight weight Relative weight Legal and administrative framework (C1) Development of infrastruture (C2) The stability of the business environment (C3) Essential health are and basi eduation (C4) Produt and servie market effiieny (C5) Labor market effiieny (C6) Suffiient tehnologial readiness (C7) Higher eduation (C8) The effiieny of finanial markets (C9) The effetive size of the market (C10) Entrepreneurial Finane (C11) Government Poliy (C12) Intelletual property rights (C13) R&D transfer (C14) Physial infrastruture (C15) Cultural and soial norms (C16) Government Entrepreneurship Programs (C17) Entrepreneurship eduation (C18) Entry regulation (C19) Commerial and Legal infrastruture (C20) Conlusions Tourism has several effets on eonomi growth and beome one of the main enters of government attention. Tourism is formed of multiple businesses, whih provide a variety of servies. Beause businesses play an important role in tourism, in this study, we have presented a model for national entrepreneurship tourism poliy for poliymakers. In this study, we have used Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) model for entrepreneurship development in tourism. This model ontains three steps lassified into fator-driven, effiieny-driven and innovation-driven eonomies. This ategorization pursued the 2008 Global Competitiveness Report whih was introdued by Porter and related to entrepreneurship interat with eonomi development (Bosma et al., 2009, p. 4). So, the dimensions of this study are three levels of eonomi development and related riteria. In this study, we have used a new hybrid MCDM model assessed by a group of experts. A deision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) has been used to identify omplex relations and to form a network relation map (NRM), whih inludes riteria for tourism poliy. Then, the DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP) method has been used to alulate the influential weights of poliy riteria to solve problems of dependene and feedbak among riteria and alternatives, due to the ANP theory. Results have shown that the most influential dimensions is entrepreneurship poliymaking in tourism in fator-driven eonomy with weights followed by Effiieny Enhaners in effiieny-driven eonomy with the weight of and Innovation Drivers in innovation-driven eonomy with the weight of We also gave weight riteria related to eah dimensions. Results have shown the most important riteria for entrepreneurship development in tourism was the stability of the business environment with the relative weight of and the lowest riteria was produt and servie market effiieny with the relative weight of This study an help poliymakers set up tourism poliy with regards to entrepreneurship for fostering SME s in tourism industry. To improve entrepreneurship situation in fator-driven eonomy, poliymakers need to improve basi requirements. Basi requirements inlude four riteria inluding legal and administrative framework, development of infrastruture, the stability of the business environment and essential health are and basi eduation. Based on the results, poliymakers for promoting entrepreneurship in tourism, first should improve the stability of the business environment. Then they must attend to legal and administrative framework. After these riteria, poliymakers must develop infrastruture and finally should follow essential health are and basi eduation. In effiieny-driven eonomies, poliymakers should extents effiieny enhaner riteria respetively: the effiieny of finanial markets, higher eduation, the effetive size of the market, suffiient tehnologial readiness, labor market effiieny and produt and servie market effiieny. Similarly, based on the extrated weights, for entrepreneurship development in tourism in

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15 S. Jafari-Moghadam et al. / Deision Siene Letters 6 (2017) 247 Appendix 1 Initial influential matrix G Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Appendix 2 Normalized diret relation X Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

16 248 Appendix 3 Total influential dimensions matrix T Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Appendix 4 Total influential riteria matrix T Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

17 S. Jafari-Moghadam et al. / Deision Siene Letters 6 (2017) 249 Appendix 5 Un-weighted super-matrix W based on DANP Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C Appendix 6 The weighted super-matrix W*, produed by weighting the un-weighted super-matrix W based on DANP Criteria C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

18 by the authors; liensee Growing Siene, Canada. This is an open aess artile distributed under the terms and onditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) liense (