Rural Water Supply & Sanitation in Vietnam Results and Challenges

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1 Rural Water Supply & Sanitation in Vietnam Results and Challenges Standing Office for National Target Program on Rural Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - Vietnam

2 General Information: Location: South East Asian region The Capital: Hanoi City Area: about 331,000 km2 Population: more than 89 million (54 ethnic groups) Poverty rate: 9.64% (2012) Average income: Urban: Rural:

3 1. National Strategy for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation to the year 2020 (Decision No.104/2000/QD-TTg dated 25/8/2000) Objectives: To 2020: 100% with access to standardized water with 60/l/capita/day; Universal access to hygienic latrines and personal hygiene; 2010: 85% with access to hygienic water with 60l/head/day; 70% use hygienic latrines and personal hygiene practices; With focus on: - Kindergartens, schools, clinics, public buildings, markets;

4 Institutional arrangements: Urban Water Supply: Rural water supply management modalities (2012) - Ministry of Construction - Department of Construction - O&M: Water Supply/Water Supply and Drainage company 7% 10% Community 11% 48% - O&M: diversified PCERWASS Private operator Rural Water Supply: - MARD/DARD (SO, NCERWASS, Partnership) Cooperatives Enterprises 18% 5% CPC

5 2. Where is RWSS of Vietnam on the way to MDG? (In 2012) 81% access to improved water source; 39% access to clean water; 57% hygienic latrine coverage; 81% W&S coverage in schools; 91% W&S coverage in health centers.

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7 3. Critical RWSS Sector Challenges Meeting national W&S targets : funding, collaboration & coordination, improved M&E system; O&M: poor functionality managed by community; Sanitation and hygiene behaviour: low priority; Lack of Appropriate W&S technologies in difficult areas; Poor mountainous areas and ethnic minorities: lowest W&S coverage.

8 4. How can we achieve MDG for RWSS? 4.1 Promotion of socialization: Policy incentives regarding land, tax and investment; Roles and responsibilities of various levels clearly defined and close coordination with relevant sectors, particularly with agriculture, health and education & training; Private sector & community involvement strengthened; Appropriate rewards and penalties.

9 4.2. Financial contributions to W&S services: State (including donors/ngos): Payments for software activities: IEC, M&E, HRD; High level subsidy for W&S hardware in difficult areas and ethnic minorities, schools and rural clinics; Users: Contribution to capital costs and Full cost of O&M; Micro-credit through Social Policy Bank: Targeted to rural people for water & latrines; Interest rate very low (State provides subsidy for interest); Repayment period is 60 months; Very popular with $200. Almost no default on repayments.

10 4.3. Information Education Communication (IEC) Mainstream IEC modalities such mass media, interpersonal communication, social marketing, participatory techniques to: Create demand for W&S services, Promote hygiene behaviour change; Roles, rights and responsibilities; Strengthen women s role in IEC, W&S service delivery; Information on expenditures required and available loans; Advocate for sanitation to prioritise at all levels.

11 4.4. Decentralisation & Pro-poor targeting: Decentralised service delivery Central government: Policy, guideline, piloting, monitoring; Local government: Implementing and supervision Users participate in deciding their own needs; Actions to improve pro-poor targeting including: Improved bottom up planning; Guidelines on pro-poor budget allocation; Improved pro-poor targeting of micro-credit and better coordination with NTP III; Appropriate/low-cost W&S technologies; More intensive IEC for ethnic minorities.

12 4.5. Improve the effectiveness of international cooperation Type: grant (for poor regions) and loans. Funding Modality: - Projects: UNICEF, JICA, WB, ADB, NGOs - Targeted Budget Support: DANIDA, AusAID and UK for NTPIII; - Results-based financing for NTPIII: WB Harmonize procedures by supporting the development of national policies/strategies/mechanisms and institutions; Coordinate development of human resources and capacity building (central & provincial officials); Sector-wide framework for IEC and M&E; Collaborate on Technology Transfer; experience-sharing.

13 Lessons-learnt 1. Political commitment in levels with proper management and supervision. 2. An adequate legal environment and suitable & consistent policies, financial mechanisms and institutional regulations needed; 3. Greater focus on promotion of sanitation and hygiene behaviour rather than water supply where women and children play crucial roles. 4. High attention for software activities: O&M, HRD, IEC, M&E activities; 5. Promoting the participation of private sector in all aspects of W&S service delivery (investor, manager and supplier) for long term sustainability.

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17 16. dia J1 It might be better to replace this picture with a low-cost household latrine (if available) to give better balance. John;

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19 Thank You