GO-NGO Collaboration for Disaster Risk Reduction in India : A SWOT Analysis. Outline of the Presentation

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1 GO-NGO Collaboration for Disaster Risk Reduction in India : A SWOT Analysis Pr Presented by Jayashree Parida PhD Scholar Department of Humanities and Social Sciences National Institute of Technology, Rourkela India 1 Outline of the Presentation Introduction GO-NGO Collaboration Disaster Management Approach in India Objectives of the Study Areas of the Study Data Collection and Analysis Findings of the Study Conclusion References 2 1

2 Introduction The effects of climatic variability manifested in disaster occurrences afflict many regions of the world, particularly the developing countries like India. People belonging to the developing countries, are more exposed to the most severe climate-related hazards. Threats to economic growth, wider poverty reduction, and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Disaster risk can be reduced by strengthening resilience: the ability of communities to resist, cope with and recover from shocks. Effective and meaningful collaboration between the two stakeholders: Government and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is imperative to attain the goals of disaster resilience of a community. 3 The Worldwide Data on Disasters from Source: The EM-DAT, CRED International Database 5 4 2

3 Details of Natural Disasters Reported in India from Source: compiled from the EM-DAT, CRED International Database 6 5 GO-NGO Collaboration Collaboration - the process by which several agencies organizations and individuals make a formal, long term commitment to work together towards a desired outcome (The National Assembly, 1997). Literature documents GO-NGO partnership is a harmonious and constructive approach with mutual respect and recognition based on four aspects such as cooperation, co-option, complimentary and confrontation (UNESCO, 1989; the World Bank,1990; Nazam, 1999). Though lots of studies have been carried out on GO-NGO collaboration, but on the aspect of disaster management is not explored much. 6 3

4 Contd GO-NGO collaboration can improve the ability of a community to mitigate, prepare, respond to, and recover from natural or human-caused disasters. Building relationships and collaborations among stakeholders will increase networking and allow them to deal with multiple problems related to emergency management. Raju and Becker (2013) highlight five key factors which affect the coordination among the stakeholders i) the need to coordinate; ii) the role of the Government; iii) knowledge networking; iv) mandates and goals; v) coordination at the donor level. 7 Disaster Management Approach in India In the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005), one of the priorities for action was to encourage for stakeholders partnership in disaster management. In India, it was first initiated in 2009 with National Policy on Disaster Management. DM = CBDM+ Coordination of Stakeholders Source: NPDM, 2009, GOI. 8 4

5 Objectives of the Study To identify the organizational relationship between the Government and Non-governmental organizations in disaster risk reduction programmes particularly at district and panchayat level. To explore the key factors affecting the GO-NGO collaboration at local level

6 Data Collection and Analysis The study is based on qualitative research methods. The primary data were obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted in these two districts. The stakeholders were purposively identified who were directly or indirectly engaged in disaster management to provide information about the coordination of these stakeholders in their respective districts. Stakeholders Balasore Kendrapara Total Govt. officials NGOs Total Contd The analysis of the data was based on the grounded theory methodology. The Grounded Theory Methodology Concepts Formulation Relationship between Concepts Broad Categories 12 6

7 Contd A SWOT analysis was also used to focus on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of collaboration in relation to the efficiency, capacity building, quality and accountability of the stakeholders. 13 Organizational Relationship between the Stakeholders 15 7

8 Findings of the Study The study reveals that there was a lack of consistent high level coordination among the key stakeholders in disaster management. (Lack of Coordination) The information sharing and effective communication was found absent among the stakeholders. (Lack of Information Sharing) Majority of stakeholders commented that the shortage of staffs in right numbers, lack of working skills and knowledge among the staffs as the major impediment for successful collaboration among stakeholders. (Human Resource Constraints) Power differentials afflict the stakeholders collaboration. NGOs stated that government officials undermine NGOs autonomy and independence and they dominate coordination. (Power Differences) NGOs and government officials highlighted that there was no specific guidelines for the collaboration process and it was totally dependent on the leadership at the state and district level. (Policy Gaps) 15 Discussion and Conclusion The study indicates particularly a low level of collaborative participation between the government and nongovernmental stakeholders. Communities are mostly satisfied with the service of NGOs rather than Government. Lack of communication is a major challenge for stakeholders collaboration. Most of the stakeholders consider coordination to be simply information sharing not having common approaches. The study recommends : Integrative and goal-oriented approach Power decentralization Policy formulation Regular assessment of collaborative activities Regular stakeholders meetings Training programmes for stakeholders 16 8

9 References ADB et al., Poverty and climate change: reducing the vulnerability of the poor through adaptation. VARG Multi Development Agency Paper. United Nations Development Project (UNDP) United Nations, New York Retrieved from Chan, N. G., & Parker, D. J. (1996). Response to dynamic flood hazard factors in Peninsular Malaysia. The Geographic Journal, 162 (3), Hauge, T. (1994). Community-based collaborations-wellness multiplied. Bend, OR: Oregon Centre for Community Leadership. Raju, E., & Becker, P. (2013). Multi-organisational coordination for disaster recovery: The story of posttsunami Tamil Nadu, India. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 4, Stern, N. et al., (2006). Stern review on the economics of climate change. HM Treasury, London: Cambridge University Press,. Tan, N. T. (2013). Policy and collaboration of social recovery after disaster. Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation, 12 (1-2), United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. (2009). Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction: Risk and poverty in a changing climate. Switzerland, Geneva: Author. Retrieved from Waugh jr, W. L. (2006). Collaboration and leadership for effective emergency management. Public Administration Review, 66, Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., & Davis, I. (2004). At risk: Natural hazards, people s vulnerability and disasters (2 nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Wheater, H. S. (2006). Flood hazard and management: A UK perspective. Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 364(1845),