International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 10 [Special Issue May 2012]

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1 Internatonal Journal of Humantes and Socal Scence Vol. No. 10 [Specal Issue May 01] Moralty Based on Suffcency Economy Phlosophy wth the Management of Sub Dstrct Admnstratve Organzaton (SAO) to Rase the Suffcency of Chang Ma Local Poltcs Abstract 16 Wrasak Somyana Assstant Prof. of Economcs Department of Economcs Faculty of Management Scence Chang Ma Rajabhat Unversty Chang Ma, Thaland 5000 Ths research amed to study moralty based on suffcency economy whch s approprate to the management of sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons (SAO) and can ncrease the moralty of these organzatons when they appled ths moralty to ther management. Quanttatve analyss was used to evaluate the achevement of rasng the poltcal moralty of 7 SAO n Chang Ma whch were used as the sample n ths study. Statstcal Package for Socal Scence (SPSS) verson 16 was used to analyze the data. Lmted Dependent Varable Model (LIMDEP) verson 9 was used to test the hypothess. The research outcome was that ntegrty, dlgence and lack of greed are the most approprate forms of moralty based on suffcency economy for the management of these 7 organzatons 99%, 99% and 95% level of sgnfcance respectvely. These can rase moralty by 36.01%. It llustrates that all of these moraltes based on suffcency economy appled n the management of SAO can reflect the mage of decentralzaton of local poltcal development and democracy. Keywords: Moralty based on suffcency economy phlosophy, Management, Sub dstrct Admnstratve Organzaton (SAO), Poltcal suffcency 1. Introducton The 11 th soco-economc strategc plan of Thaland was made n the perod that the country confronted a rapd change n soco-economcal and envronmental development. As a result, suffcency economc phlosophy was nsttuted and wdely appled to ndvduals, famles, socetes whch could help to create the resstance so that t would help to develop the country have a socety whch s envronmentally frendly and contented. Thaland thereby emphaszed human resource development and tred to provde a chance for people to access resources, knowledge, technology as well as sources of producton whch are frendly to the envronment. The development base on suffcency economy as well as the nvolvement of people n every area were also realzed and emphaszed (Offce of the Natonal Economcs and Socal Development Board, 011). The strategc plan of Chang Ma (011-01) not only amed to become a prosperous, splendd and happy cty n Asa for all resdents and vstors as well as a gateway for nternatonal trade based on suffcency economy but also emphaszed at ncreasng ncome. The local government stll follows captalsm by settng ways to promote and support trade and nvestment. It emphaszes materalsm such as money, proft and competton and beleved that ths wll make people happy. The soco-economc development of Chang Ma was however unsuccessful because t couldn t make the ncome dstrbuton to people n local communtes. The populsm polcy that Chang Ma uses to develop the soco-economcs of the cty at present contradcts to suffcency economy. Socoeconomc development based on suffcency economy emphaszng a balance of ncome dstrbuton and reduces the ncome gap among people, developng ther potental capacty consstng of producton and hearts of people (Somyana, 010). Ths can create sustanable development for the cty. The captalsm concept whch emphaszes materalsm rather than moral and vrtue mprovement of people creates many problems for socety (Somyana, 009) such as competton and takng advantage of people who lack opportunty. As a result, the government has tred to solve ths problem by brngng good governance to operate n ts work and let other offcals to carry out ther work based on good governance emphaszng n transparency and nvolvement. Ths prncpal can work well dependng on how much t can be mplanted n the hearts of people who follow the prncple of good governance.

2 The Specal Issue on Arts and Socal Scence Centre for Promotng Ideas, USA If there s no mplantng n the hearts of people t wll not succeed n the development of the cty. Sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons have worked more closely wth local people and the central government has empowered them to supervse the local communty. As a result, they have the authorty to admnster and manage ther organzatons such as they obtan ther admnstratve staffs by electons. They can manage and look after the ncome and expendture themselves. However, local communtes are stll been controlled by the regonal government. Thus, the ways that they admnster themselves and the ways that they have been admnstered by the regonal government system s contradctory. Conflct of nterest s the man obstacle to ncreasng the effcency of ther organzatons. If the admnstratve staffs of these organzatons and the regonal government realze the prncple of good governance and operate ther work to most people s needs, t can operate more effcently so that t can really help ther organzatons to develop. Hs Majesty Kng Bhumphon offered gudelnes to work based on suffcency economy so that t wll brng happness, progress and peace to the country and the people. Some people such as Puey Aungpakorn, Buthathatphkuak and E.F Shumaker, a German economst suggested the smlar concept as the Kng. E.F.Shumaker presented a new economc concept on the topc of Buddhst Economcs n an artcle. Ths concept s opposed to the progress of materalsm. It stressed the mportance of people over productvty. The concept of Khand the answer s n the vllage emphaszed suffcency of the communty level. Ths concept s the opposte of the captalsm whch supports the greed (Somyana, 009). If the sub dstrct admnstratve organzaton admnster and manage local communtes to develop ther socoeconomc by applyng the 5 moraltes of the Kng; 1) ntegrty; ) generosty; 3) equty; ) patence and 5) dlgence (Phantasean, 008), t wll be approprate to the soco-economcs of Tha socety and can be appled to the operaton of local communtes. All of these 5 moraltes have been appled to the management of these SAO so that t wll make a change n the pattern of performance of local communtes by emphaszng people nvolvement. The fnal goal of the performance of the sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons s to develop poltcs resultng n a happy local communty. As a result, these organzatons should brng moralty to ther work and educate as well as mplant a moralty concept n people by persuadng people to follow the morals, settng a framework to work wth people as well as make the evaluate ther work based on moralty.. Purpose of Research (1) To study approprate moralty based on suffcency economy n the management of sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons () To study the ncrease of moralty n sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons by applyng moralty based on suffcency n the management of sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons. 3. Research Methodology Ths study creates an understandng of the phenomena by systematc analyss to look for approprate types to apply n the management of sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons. Prmary data was by ntervewng offcers of Chang Ma sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons and secondary data was obtaned from lterature revews, analyss and synthess to look for the answers n the research. The soluton wll be to create a model n order to look for an approprate type of nvolvement of organzatons and local communtes. (1) Populaton The populaton n ths study was sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons n Chang Ma. At present, there are 5 dstrcts and 177 sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons n Chang Ma. () Samplng The samplng n ths study was restrcted to the staffs who have worked for at least 1 year but not more than years at the sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons (the term of admnstratve staffs s years). 7 samples were selected by purposve samplng from 5 SAO where the admnstratve staffs had worked for no more than years. There were 3 knds of samplng; 1) the admnstratve staff of SAO; ) offcers of organzatons and 3) the councl of the SAO 163

3 Internatonal Journal of Humantes and Socal Scence Vol. No. 10 [Specal Issue May 01] (3) Instrument for collectng the data Ths study used the systematc analyss and econometrcs to analyze the data n order to make the study more relable and vald. (3.1) Prmary data was obtaned from surveyng and ntervewng the sample from 7 sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons (3.) Secondary data was obtaned from strategc plans, projects, operatonal plans, annual reports of these 7 SAO. (3.3) Instrument for collectng data The researcher used both qualtatve and quanttatve research n ths study. Techncal statstc for estmaton was used to test the accuracy of the research outcome. Qualtatve research was used to support the quanttatve research n order to obtan a more precse and clear answer from the qualtatve research. The nstrument to collect data conssted of questonnares and ntervews. SWOT analyss was also used to analyss the context of SAO. () Conceptual Framework Ths study amed to study the relaton of the nvolvement of the 3 parts mentoned above n the model below: Assstant Prof. of Economcs, Department of Economcs, Level of suffcency n the local poltcs Hgh Medum Level of moralty n SAO Low Level of moralty n the councl of SAO Level of moralty n offcers of SAO Model of the relaton of the nvolvement n SAO for rasng moralty of local poltcs 1) SAO staffs such as the leaders of SAO reflect how they apply moralty based on suffcency economy to ther work. Crtera for measurng level of moralty were classfed nto 3 levels The hghest: Hgh: Medum: %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng 16

4 The Specal Issue on Arts and Socal Scence Centre for Promotng Ideas, USA ) SAO offcals such as government offcers, employees reflect how they apply moralty based on suffcency economy to work wth SAO admnstratve staffs and delegates from people who are the members of the SAO councl. Crtera of the level of moralty base on suffcency economy s classfed n to 3 levels The hghest: Hgh: Medum: %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng 3) SAO councl conssted of delegates from local commttees who had been people selected to be members of the councl n order to nspect the SAO and consder the approval of the operaton consstent wth the vson and project of SAO staffs. It reflects how they apply moralty based on suffcency economy to ther work wth SAO staffs and offcers. Crtera of the level of moralty based on suffcency economy was classfed nto 3 levels. The hghest: Hgh: Medum: %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng %, level of applyng moralty based on suffcency economy n workng If the level of evaluaton was less than 50%, t shows that the trple party was falng to apply moralty n ther work. The result form the relaton of the nvolvement from the trple party s the suffcency of the local poltcs development. Researcher had set the 3 levels of suffcency of poltcal development (5) Data analyss and dscusson Hgh level: % poltcal development Medum level: % poltcal development Low level: % poltcal development Researchers used smple statstcs such as percentage and testng by hstogram to consder the dstncton of frequency and cumulatve percent and used statstc package of socal scence program (SPSS) verson 16 to group the level of the marks. The researcher analyzed the result to look for the relaton of varables affectng the level of moralty based on suffcency economy and tested the hypothess by Lmted Dependent Varable Model verson 9. Ths research used Ordered Probt, Maxmum lkelhood estmates and margnal effect. There are 5 varables affectng the level of moralty based on suffcency economy; ntegrty, generosty, patence, dlgence and lack of greed. The functon of study can llustrate as follow; ( Calkns. P., A. Wboonpongse and S. Srboonchtta, 009: ) y y * ( 1) ' y 1 f y 0 y f 0 y y 3 f y () y 1 low n suffcency for local poltcs y medum suffcency for local poltcs y 3 hgh suffcency for local poltcs 165

5 Internatonal Journal of Humantes and Socal Scence Vol. No. 10 [Specal Issue May 01] level of ntegrty level of lack of greed level of patence means level of dlgence means level of generosty means the coeffcent of varables means error of the model number of SAO n ths study; means the frst SAO to the 7 th SAO 5. Results of Research The analyss result of the nd equaton can be concluded as the 3 rd equaton y (3) ** * ** The restrcted log lkelhood s and log lkelhood functon s E-0 and Ch square (Sg at.001) s The result of the analyss by ordered probt for relaton of 5 types of moralty base on suffcency economy whch s approprate to apply n SAO management, the model has the level of sgnfcance at α= As a result, ths model s good n explanng the level of moralty n SAO management. However, ths model can only forecast 58.10% the total level of the varables correctly whch s the medum level forecasted. The forecast whch s the most accurate s n the medum level by 91.6% and the hgh level of the forecast s 57.10%. As a result, the varable of the moralty regardng ntegrty, dlgence were appled the most n SAO management wth 99% of level of sgnfcance. Lack of greed s another varable be appled n SAO management wth 95% of level of sgnfcance. Types of moralty base on suffcency economy appled to SAO management wth communty can create the achevement for rasng the local poltcal development as llustrated n table 1 Table 1 Illustrates the achevement for rasng the suffcency of SAO poltcs from moralty development Independent Varables Low level of poltcal Medum level of Hgh level of poltcal development poltcal development development ( y 1) ( y ) ( y 3) Margnal effect Margnal effect Margnal effect 1 (Level of ntegrty) ** (Level of lack of greed).0980 * (Level of patence) (Level of dlgence) **.175 (Level of generosty) Source: The research study ** sgnfcance at α= 0.01 * sgnfcance at α= 0.05 The margnal effect reflected 3 levels (hgh, medum and low) for local poltcs development. The margnal effect of ntegrty has a chance to develop and t reflected n the hgh level of poltcal development whch ncreased by 36.01%. Lack of greed of SAO has a chance to develop and reflected the low level of well-beng of local poltcs development whch ncreased 9.8%. The dlgence has a medum chance to develop whch ncreased 15.6%. These llustrated that applyng moralty based on suffcency economy partcularly ntegrty, lack of greed of offcers and SAO admnstratve staffs n SAO work could motvate poltcal moralty leadng to a decentralzaton of the local communty. If there s motvaton and support to create and ncrease moralty n SAO, t can develop moralty n local poltcs sustanably

6 The Specal Issue on Arts and Socal Scence Centre for Promotng Ideas, USA 6. Concluson Ths research can explan that moralty based on suffcency economy; ntegrty, dlgence and lack of greed of SAO s the most approprate to SAO management of 99%, 99% and 95% of the level of sgnfcance respectvely and affect 36.01% of ncrease for the local poltcal development. As a result, applyng ntegrty, dlgence and lack of greed to offcers and admnstratve staffs reflect the poltcal development of the decentralzaton to local communtes so t llustrates democracy n poltcs. 7. Acknowledgement Ths research would not have been completed f there had been no help or support from many people. Frst of all I would lke to express my sncere thanks to Prof.Dr. Aphcha Pantasean, Prof.Dr. Aree Wboonpong and Prof.Dr. Songsuk Srboonjt who guded and commented as well as gave benefcal suggestons. I also would lke to thank very much delegates of sub dstrct admnstratve organzatons for ther good cooperaton and for gudance from the Offce of the Ombudsman Thaland. References Calkns. P., A. Wboonpongse and S. Srboonchtta. (009). Econometrc Advances n the Servce of Macroeconomc Predcton and Plannng: An Overvew. Journal of Economcs and Management, Vol.5, No., Offce of Permanent Secretary, Mnstry of Socal Development and Human Securty. (009). Index for measurng the soco- economc development based on suffcency economy: Offce of Permanent Secretary, Mnstry of Socal Development and Human Securty. Offce of the Natonal Economc and Socal development Board. (011). The 11 th natonal soco economc developmental plan. Offce of the Natonal Economc and Socal Development Board. Phantasean, Aphcha. (008). Research synthess, lterature and Research report of suffcency economy ( ). Somyana, Wrasak. (008). Learnng management for soco-economc development n rural and urban areas, Chang Ma provnce, Research report submtted to the Natonal Research Councl of Thaland. Somyana, Wrasak. (009). Learnng management for soco-economc development n rural and urban areas, Chang Ma provnce, Research report submtted to the Natonal Research Councl of Thaland. Somyana, Wrasak. (010). Learnng management for soco-economc development n rural and urban areas, Chang Ma provnce, Research report submtted to the Natonal Research Councl of Thaland. Srboonchtta S., A. Wboonpongse, P. Calkns. (009). Bottom-up Natonal Polcy Gudance from the Tambon: A Recuvsve SEM Approach. The ISSAAS nternatonal Congress 008, 3-7 February 009, The Emerald Hotel, Bangkok, Thaland. Wboonpongse, Aree. (008). Partcpatory acton project Learnng to develop sub dstrcts base on suffcency economy. Insttute for Suffcency Economy Research and Promoton. 167