Small-scale sanitation in Egypt

Transcription

1 Small-scale sanitation in Egypt Enabling conditions to move forward Egyptian-Swiss Research for Innovations in Sustainable Sanitation (ESRISS) Philippe Reymond, Eawag/Sandec Development Partners Subgroup on Natural Renewable Resources - Water, KfW, Zamalek 9th July 2013 Eawag: Swiss Research Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology ESRISS partners ESRISS Project: - Established in 2010 in partnership with HCWW - Financed by Seco (Swiss Secretariat for Economic Affairs) Main counterpart in HCWW: Dr. Rifaat Abdel Wahaab, head of R&D Dpt Academic advisor: Dr. Moustafa Moussa Backstopping in Switzerland: Dr. Christoph Lüthi and team of the Strategic Environmental Sanitation Planning group 1

2 ESRISS scope & methodology MAIN GOAL: Development a wide-scale replicable model for small-scale sanitation in the Nile Delta Small-scale: < 2,000 cap. COST-EFFECTIVENESS CONTEXT-APPROPRIATENESS ESRISS scope & methodology WHAT HAS BEEN DONE: 1. Assessment of the challenges and success factors of past small-scale sanitation initiatives in Egypt: (i) Interviews with key-stakeholders of the sector (ii) Thorough literature review (iii) Selection of the most prominent initiatives, field visits, assessment with evaluation questionnaire and sampling campaigns 2

3 ESRISS scope & methodology 2. Systematic assessment using the Enabling Environment Framework CF. FULL REPORT ESRISS scope & methodology 3. Development of a data baseline for rural areas Characterisation and quantification of wastewater in ezbas (sewage, septage, blackwater, greywater, animal manure) Surveys and interviews in villages to assess current practices Prediction model based on material flow analysis (MFA) BASELINE DATA REPORT EXPECTED IN SEPTEMBER MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS REPORT EXPECTED IN SEPTEMBER 3

4 ESRISS scope & methodology UNDER WAY: 4. Financial comparison of scenarios Financial comparison of technical options Financial comparison of prefab vs. Conventional Preliminary investigations on the advantages of modular implementation Study of bayara emptying business To be found on with Arabic translation about to be finalised 4

5 10 POINTS to move forward 10 POINTS to move forward THE CRITICAL ISSUE IS MANAGERIAL, NOT TECHNICAL - Solutions should be tailor-made and based on: 1. Planning 2. Management scheme 3. Economy of scale 4. Life-cycle cost analysis HOW MANY UNITS, WHO CAN PRODUCE IT, WHO CAN MANAGE IT? - Priority is to work on the conditions which will enable small-scale sanitation 5

6 The main problems are Standards are not adapted 1. Policy and regulations Initiatives are isolated 2. Economies of scale / critical mass Business as usual 3. Encouragement of innovation 4. Building on existing strengths Implementation 5. Project design 1. Policy and regulations - Development of a clear national strategy at MWSU level, leading to a clear policy framework - Leading role of HCWW for the validation of a model - Focus on coordination between MWSU/HCWW and MWRI - Adaptation of standards, e.g. through moratory or staged implementation - Flexibility in the location of treatment units (currently, 500 m. rule) - Mechanisms allowing full-cost recovery at local level - Flexibility for civil society participation, e.g. «citizen partnership» 6

7 Example of flexibility in decentralisation Examples of ABR integration in open spaces A communal wastewater treatment plant serving a simplified sewer network in east Tegal, Indonesia. 14 A community HRAR integrated in the landscape (India, Nanchoz Zimmermann). 7

8 1. Policy and regulations - An alternative: improved septage management: IDEA: Install primary treatment units near current disposal sites 2. Economies of scale / critical mass - Based on a clear national policy, implement a significant number of projects, corresponding to the critical mass for centralised management - Get out of the «one-shot-trap»: isolated operators of an infrastructure which is neglected by the Affiliated Company will not do a good job - Team of skilled operators travelling from one site to the other - Network for the operators of small-scale systems, with exchange of experience and yearly training events incentive, status, «be part of a community» - Work on building public-private partnerships Enabling conditions to get interest from Affiliated Companies, investors and private sector 8

9 2. Economies of scale / critical mass - Investigate prefabrication: Quality under control No price negotiation every time Costs under control Monitoring of contractors Time saving in construction process Opening of a promising market Locally produced => INCREASE IN QUALITY AND REDUCTION OF COSTS Example of prefabricated units Prefabricated divider-weir, grease-trap, settler, ABR BORDA as implemented by BORDA and partners in Indonesia, India, etc. 9

10 Example of prefabricated units Modular prefabricated treatment plant, with 2 settlers and 8 ABRs, treating about 80 m3/day (source: BORDA, 2012) 3. Encouragement of innovation - Market perspective: MWSU could launch a call for proposals with very specific conditions; «shape the needs, and the market will do the rest» - Adapt products to Egyptian context! - So far, innovation lays in small-scale individual initiatives Weak position for wide-scale replication, need for empowerment Need to ensure intellectual property e.g. design-build-operate-transfer Not sure that the usual big consultants can do the job! Why take conventional stakeholders for non-conventional systems? 10

11 3. Encouragement of innovation Synergies between «Wastewater» programmes and «Private Sector Development» programmes - All necessary know-how is not present in Egypt: Joint ventures: team up international experts with local companies and consultants There are mechanisms in place, e.g.: - GIZ PSDP - Sustainable Water Fund (FDW): finances 50% of Public Private Partnerships in the water sector. - Private Sector Investment Programme (PSI), which funds 50% of any Private sector investing in Egypt 4. Building on existing strengths - Start with available strengths; look at what is already available, e.g.: - Al Raed: prefabrication capacity, willingness for O&M service provision - Dr. Tarek Sabry: development of a small-scale system adapted to Egyptian conditions - EMAS Water Treatment Systems : prefabrication capacity - Arab Organization for Industrialization (Army) : prefabrication capacity - Together Association : community involvement - ECARU: Company for Solid waste Utilization Consider what exists and how to fill in the gaps 11

12 Example of local innovation The compact anaerobic tower : Full-scale pilot in Fayoum, under supervision of HCWW 9 m 3 /day - 70,000 EGP Egyptian system Prefabricated Patent: Dr. Tarek Sabry and Dr. Ahmed El Gendy, Ain Shams University Picture: courtesy of Dr. Ahmed El Gendy Example of an effective anaerobic system Nanchoz Zimmermann, 12

13 Example of a synergy with MWRI In-drain polishing Source: ISSIP PM/TA, Memorandum, Feb Project design - Integrated approach: project components (technical, social, managerial, training) are coordinated and run in parallel - Technical options are bound to management schemes - Modularity and incremental implementation: Reduce idle capacity Long term plans Limited planning horizon More settlements are served! - Enforce life-cycle cost comparisons! - Output-based financing? - Monitoring and evaluation of performance included 13

14 Idle capacity: conventional vs. modular implementation Conclusions - Focus on economies of scale - Bridge Wastewater and Private Sector programmes - Instead of looking at potential technical options, focus on the enabling conditions, e.g. inventory of the Egyptian private sector, enabling policies, market approach - Support for the revision of standard - Compare investment vs. impacts in terms of pollution - Think in terms of incentives (e.g. for plant managers, private sector) - Online repository for reports, incl. HCWW, MWSU and MWRI COORDINATION! 14

15 Conclusions Potential roadmap: 1. Secure a clear policy enabling a wide-scale scenario and private sector integration 2. Identify interested private and public companies, for construction and management 3. Identify the gaps 4. Targeted support 5. Workshop for private and public companies; link stakeholders, encourage partnership, foster competition 6. Invest in a large number of villages, with a modular implementation approach Thanks for your attention philippe.reymond@eawag.ch 15