HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL WORKSHOP

Transcription

1 HIGHWAY SAFETY MANUAL WORKSHOP Traffic Records Forum July 25, 2010 New Orleans, LA Instructors Karen Dixon, Ph.D., P.E. Oregon State University Ida van Schalkwyk, Ph.D. Oregon State University 1-2 Housekeeping Cell phones/ pagers/ PDAs Rest rooms Breaks and meals Snacks, water, etc. Rules of participation Logistics/ Housekeeping icipant Workbook Module 1-1

2 HSM A: Chapter 1 MODULE 1. INTRODUCTION Karen Dixon, OSU 1-4 What is your job? How important is safety in your work? Programming and prioritization System planning Program administration Policy development Project development Design Construction Operations and Maintenance Public Affairs Interagency coordination 1-5 Integrate safety into the decision-making processes Need Integrate safety into the decisionmaking processes 1-6 icipant Workbook Module 1-2

3 Do you ever find yourself trading safety off against something else? Environment Safety What do you do? 1-7 What are the forces influencing your ability to apply quantitative safety information to your work? Driving Forces Restraining Forces 1-8 Integrate safety into the decision-making processes What Quantify effect of decisions on crashes Accountability/ Performance Measurement 1-9 icipant Workbook Module 1-3

4 The Vision of the HSM A Document Akin to the HCM Definitive; represents quantitative state-ofthe-art information Widely accepted within professional practice of transportation engineering Science-based; updated regularly to reflect research 1-10 Integrate safety into the decision-making processes Why Limits of available resources, science & technology Meet legislatively mandated priorities 1-11 Integrate safety into the decision-making processes State County Where Metropolitan Organization (MPO) Local level 1-12 icipant Workbook Module 1-4

5 Integrate safety into the decision-making processes Who Transportation Traffic Engineering Safety Office Design Office Capital Programs 1-13 When 1. System Management 2. Project Development Process 1-14 System and Programming Assess system needs & identify projects/studies Program projects Evaluate programs system-wide safety effects System Project Design & Construction Operations & Maintenance 1-15 icipant Workbook Module 1-5

6 Systemwide Safety Improvement Programs 1-16 Project Development -- Define problem(s) /assist scoping Identify potential solutions Evaluate alternatives & expected quantitative safety effects ID preferred alternative System Project Design & Construction Operations & Maintenance 1-17 >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> icipant Workbook Module 1-6

7 Project Development Design and Construction Evaluate safety of alternative designs Review & document design exceptions, variances and waivers Inform construction decisions System Project Design & Construction Operations & Maintenance 1-19 Design Existing Conditions Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> HIGHWAY SAFETY HAS TWO DIMENSIONS Nominal Safety Substantive Safety Examined in reference to compliance with standards, warrants, guidelines and sanctioned design procedures The expected or actual crash frequency and severity for a highway or roadway 1-21 *Ezra Hauer, ITE Traffic Safety Toolbox, 1999 icipant Workbook Module 1-7

8 More quantitative Design Criteria (nominal safety) The HSM Traffic Noise Model 1.0 CAL3QHC Mobile 5a 3-D Visualization CITYGREEN HCM CORSIM PASSER TRANSYT7F VISSIM Construction Plans Cost Models Real estate appraisals DOT databases Safety Environmental Traffic Right-of-Way Costs Impacts Impacts Operations Greater weight We re Interested in Other Impacts for Project Level Decisions What About Substantive Safety? 1-22 Operations and Maintenance Monitor operations balance - safety, mobility and access Evaluate improvement effectiveness System Project Design & Construction Operations & Maintenance 1-23 Operations >> 0 >> 1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> icipant Workbook Module 1-8

9 The HSM and Other Documents vs 1-25 Protected under Federal Law 23 USC 409 Protected under Federal Law 23 USC 409 Legal Context 1-26 The HSM does not establish a legal standard of care create a public duty set requirements or mandates establish design/operation best practices contain warrants or standards supersede other publications 1-27 icipant Workbook Module 1-9

10 Significant effort and professional support produced the HSM Joint Subcommittee (now Task Force) sponsored by 7 TRB committees Thousands of hours of volunteer effort Multi-million dollar, multi-year research program funded by NCHRP, AASHTO & FHWA 1-28 vs Crash Reduction & Prediction Advancement in Safety Knowledge Descriptive Predictive 1-30 icipant Workbook Module 1-10

11 HSM Content & Structure 1-31 A Human Factors Fundamentals D Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) B Roadway Safety Management Process C Predictive Method 1-32 A B 1. & Overview 2.Human Factors 3.Fundamentals C D 1-33 icipant Workbook Module 1-11

12 A B C D Road Safety Management Process Network Screening Diagnosis & Countermeasure Selection Economic Appraisal & Prioritization Safety Effectiveness Evaluation 1-34 A B C D Predictive Methods Methodology Safety Performance Functions Crash Modification Factors Calibration Applications Example problems References 1-35 A B C D Facilities Included in C 10. Rural Two-lane Roads 11. Rural Multi-lane Roads 12. Urban Suburban Arterials 1-36 icipant Workbook Module 1-12

13 A B C Predictive Methods Appendix: Common Procedures Calibrating predictive methods Empirical Bayes -combining predicted with observed crashes D 1-37 A B C D Crash Modification Factors Resource on the effectiveness of safety countermeasures Roadway Segments Intersections Interchanges Special Facilities and Geometric Situations 1-38 Companion Software HSM PART B: Roadway Safety Management Process PART C: Predictive Methods PART D: Crash Modification Factors Supporting Tool SafetyAnalyst IHSDM FHWA CRF/CMF Clearinghouse icipant Workbook Module 1-13

14 Resources & Contacts Highway Safety Manual Website AASHTO Ken Kobetsky: Kelly Hardy: AASHTO JOINT TASK COMMITTEE FOR THE HSM: Don Vaughn, ALDOT, Priscilla Tobias, IDOT, FHWA Mike Griffith, Ray Krammes, TRB HSM Task Force: John Milton, WSDOT, 1-40 Summary Summary MODULE 1. INTRODUCTION 1-41 icipant Workbook Module 1-14