Optimal route of emergency resource scheduling based on GIS

Transcription

1 Optimal route of emergecy resource schedulig based o GIS Guoliag Feg 1,2 1 Departmet of Egieerig Physics, Tsighua Uiversity 2 Istitute of Public Safety Research, Tsighua Uiversity Haidia District Beijig, P. R. Chia fgl16@mails.tsighua.edu.c ABSTRACT Rapid emergecy resource supply is oe of the most issue i effective emergecy respose ad maagemet for crisis ad disasters. To support the reasoable emergecy resource supply uder emergecy coditios, emergecy material schedulig should take full cosideratio of time cost, ecoomic cost ad the priorities of the resources demad. I this paper, we propose emergecy resource schedulig model (ERSM) to determie the optimal route for emergecy resource schedulig based o Geographic Iformatio Systems (GIS). The ERSM evaluate optimal emergecy rescue route uder differet emergecy coditios based o Aalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which itroduced multiple idicators icludig the traffic road coditio, actual travel distace, urgecy of disaster relief spot. Meawhile the solomo isertio-type heuristic algorithm (SIHA) is proposed to idetify the optimal route of emergecy resource schedulig. The ArcGIS software with etwork aalysis extesio is adopted to display optimal delivery routes. ERSM provides the emergecy magers with optimal route of emergecy resource for quick ad efficiet resposes after disaster. CCS CONCEPTS Computig methodologies Plaig uder ucertaity Iformatio systems Geographic iformatio systems KEYWORDS Emergecy resource schedulig model, Emergecy maagemet, Geographic Iformatio Systems, Aalytic Hierarchy Process, Solomo isertio-type heuristic algorithm Permissio to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for persoal or classroom use is grated without fee provided that copies are ot made or distributed for profit or commercial advatage ad that copies bear this otice ad the full citatio o the first page. Copyrights for compoets of this work owed by others tha ACM must be hoored. Abstractig with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post o servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permissio ad/or a fee. Request permissios from Permissios@acm.org. EM-GIS'17, November 7 10, 2017, Redodo Beach, CA, USA 2017 Associatio for Computig Machiery. ACM ISBN /17/11 $15.00 DOI: Guofeg Su 1,2 1 Departmet of Egieerig Physics, Tsighua Uiversity 2 Istitute of Public Safety Research, Tsighua Uiversity Haidia District Beijig, P. R. Chia sugf@tsighua.edu.c 1 INTRUCTION Zhahui Su 1,2 1 Departmet of Egieerig Physics, Tsighua Uiversity 2 Istitute of Public Safety Research, Tsighua Uiversity Haidia District Beijig, P. R. Chia zhsu@tsighua.edu.c Improvig the distributio efficiecy of emergecy supplies such as life ecessities is the mai cocer i emergecy rescue. Such distributio issues are more essetial for the delivery staff of emergecy resource, who are lookig for potetial optimal distributio routes. With emergecy material reasoable schedulig, emergecy maagemet departmet is able to sed the emergecy supplies to the emergecy rescue site quickly ad satisfy the emergecy rescue requiremets before the disaster icreased [1]. Therefore, the focus of this study is o etwork aalysis applicatio based o GIS modelig for determiig the optimal route of emergecy resource schedulig after the disaster as soo as possible. I the existig literature, busiess logistics has bee clearly defied as logistics is the process of plaig, implemetig, ad cotrollig the efficiet, effective flow ad storage of goods, services ad related iformatio from the poit of origi to the poit of cosumptio for the purpose of coformig to customers requiremets at the lowest total cost [2,3,4]. However, a clear defiitio of emergecy logistics has ot yet bee well clarified, the emergecy logistics is usually a process of plaig, maagig ad cotrollig the efficiet flows of urget relief, iformatio ad services from the origi poit to the destiatio poits to meet the urget eeds of the affected areas uder emergecy coditios [5]. I geeral, disasters ofte cause serious casualties ad make may buildigs severely damaged, so disaster areas eed emergecy relief supplies, such as water, food, medicie, shelter, medical equipmet, etc., to meet the daily eeds of the correspodig survival ad reduce the impact of disasters. Emergecy material distributio has caused extesive research i recet years. Sheu presets a hybrid fuzzy clusterig-optimizatio approach to the operatio of emergecy logistics co-distributio respodig to the urget relief demads i the crucial rescue period [6]. Hu ad Sheu formulate a multiobjective liear programmig model systematically miimizig total reverse logistical costs, correspodig evirometal ad operatioal risks i removal of debris [7]. These papers studied the optimal route of emergecy resource schedulig igorig the urgecy of demad spots. The optimal route of material schedulig i the past is based o traditioal maps, sice Geographical Iformatio System (GIS) provides effective tools to collect, store, display, maipulate, aalyze spatial data, ad preset descriptive iformatio about

2 EM-GIS'17, November 7 10, 2017, Redodo Beach, CA, USA them o the maps [8], GIS has bee icreasigly attetio by researchers. The importace about GIS is that, GIS combies digital maps with traditioal databases, ad provides visual represetatios of iformatio [9]. Visualizatio will help people approach problems i the dimesios of space ad time ad i the form of digital maps rather tha dimesioallyrestricted data tables ad graphs [10]. Wiyoopradist ad Siagsuebchart developed a model o Network Aalyst based o vehicle speed, which deped o road coditios at differet times of the day [11]. I route plaig systems based o GIS, Gohari developed a model to aalyze the shortest paths ad took ito accout several factors, such as the speed limit of a car i a road etwork [12]. Mohammad Abousaeidi, Rosmadi Fauzi ad Rusah Muhamad proposed regressio model ad itroduced the lad use to the optimal route for fresh vegetable distributio [9]. We establish ERSM to meet the fast ad efficiet emergecy resource schedulig based o applicatio of GIS. The ovelty of solomo isertio-type heuristic algorithm (SIHA) used i material distributio cosists i icorporatig ot oly the distace but also the time dimesio i the heuristic process [13]. Due to it has the advatages of easy implemetatio ad obvious applicatio effects, SIHA is suitable for emergecy material schedulig. This paper quatifies the urgecy of demad ad puts forward the ERSM, which combies urgecy of demad spots, road distaces, traffic coditios with GIS. The object of this paper is to itroduce the GIS to preset the optimal route of emergecy resource schedulig with cosideratio of distace, traffic coditios, urgecy of demad spots. 2 METHODOLOGY The optimal route evaluatio criteria system is show i Fig. 1. Choosig the optimal route of emergecy resource schedulig cosider traffic road coditios, travel distace, urgecy of disaster relief spot. There are may criteria to evaluate road coditios, such as traffic idex of the prevailig road, the degree of damage to the road. Also, there are may criteria to evaluate the urgecy of disaster relief spot, such as the size of affected area, the umber of casualties ad the degree of damage to ifrastructure. Determiig the optimal route of emergecy material schedulig scheme is a complex process, all these factors should cosidered. Feg G.L et al. The idetificatio of the appropriate proportios of ifluecig factors is a complex process, the Aalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method establishes a series of scales from comparisos. I AHP a matrix, such as Eq. (1), is geerated as a result of pairwise comparisos. a11 a12 a1 a21 a22 a 2 A a a a 1 2 (1) I the formulatio, a ij idicates how much more importat the ith objective is tha the jth objective. For all i ad j, it is ecessary that a ii = 1 ad a ij = 1/a ji. The possible assessmet values of a ij i the pairwise compariso matrix ad their correspodig explaatio are show i Table 1. The AHP group decisio-makig developed ca be defied as follow: Normalized colum vector: Summarize the by row: wi w j1 Normalized row vector: ij w a / a ij ij ij i1 w w / w i i i i1 w w1 w2 w (,,, ) T Calculate the biggest characteristic root of the judgmet matrix: 1 ( Aw) i max i1 wi The cosistecy degree of the judgmet matrix The cosistecy ratio: CI CR RI where the cosistecy idex (CI) is defied as: CI ( ) / ( 1) max w ij If CR 0.10, the degree of cosistecy is satisfactory. Otherwise, the elemet value of the judgmet matrix should be adjusted. Calculatio of total orderig i the layer The sigle order of criterio layer to target layer: w ( w1, w2,, w ) T Figure 1. Optimal route evaluatio criteria system 2.1 AHP Method 4

3 Optimal route of emergecy resource schedulig based o GIS a ij Table 1. Scales i pairwise comparisos Defiitio 1 i ad j are equally importat 3 i is slightly more importat tha j 5 i is more importat tha j 7 i is obviously more importat tha j 9 i is absolutely more importat tha j 2,4,6,8 the importace of i ad j is betwee the two adjacet degrees 2.2 Establish the model Modelig assumptios. There is oly oe emergecy resource distributio spot, ad there are several demad spots for emergecy resource. The delivery tools of emergecy resource distributio spot to the various emergecy resource demad spots are the same. The material of emergecy resource distributio spot is sufficiet to satisfy the eeds of all demad spots Model Model establishmet ot oly cotais spatial data, such as travel distace, traffic road coditios, but also cosider ospatial data, like the urgecy of disaster relief spot. With the help of GIS techology combied with spatial ad o-spatial data, emergecy resource schedulig ca be coducted ad optimal routes based o the study requiremets ca the be selected. The first phase of the study requires the use of GIS tool to create a spatial database that cotais detailed digital iformatio about the routes. The iformatio of travel distace for all roads is derived from digitizig the road etworks as spatial data set. I the preset study, delivery time is regarded as a depedet variable that depeds o the road coditio. The traffic idex is a coceptual idex that reflects the smoothess or cogestio of the road etwork, we obtai the real-time average speed of a road through the observatio of the real-time traffic idex of the prevailig road i the momet before the disaster. The degree of road damage also affects the average speed after disaster, it has bee show that the speed loss (Eq.2) caused by road damage is related to the area of road surface damage, pavemet width ad depth of road surface damage. The distace traveled i a emergecy situatio is trasformed to the ormal travel distace durig the same ruig time by comparig the average speed after disaster with the average vehicle speed uder ormal circumstaces i a certai road. (2) v0 v e S H f ( D ) 1.8 D 0 D 1.8 f( D) 0 D>1.8 v the speed loss caused by road damage v 0 the speed before road damage S the area of road damage H the depth of road surface damage D the lae width f( D) the adjustmet formula of lae width The urgecy of disaster relief spot is related to the size of affected area, the umber of casualties, ad the degree of damage to ifrastructure. The urgecy of disaster relief spot is a relative EM-GIS'17, November 7 10, 2017, Redodo Beach, CA, USA variable, which is determied by comparig two spots. The area of the affected area are obtaied by usig remote sesig techology, which ca be used to display the affected area by addig buffers i ArcGIS. The umber of casualties should be couted ad updated i real-time by regio. Water ad electricity are the ifrastructure ecessary for huma survival, so the degree of damage to the ifrastructure are measured based o the time of cuttig off the water supply ad power. Gatherig the statistics of these iformatio about all emergecy resource demad poit whe the disaster occur, ad determiig the miimum affected area, the least umber of casualties, ad the shortest time of cut off the water supply ad power respectively. These values are the stadard values that measure the urgecy of disaster relief spot. Each emergecy resource demad spot is compared with these stadard values to obtai relative urgecy of disaster relief spot (Eq.3). i i i i mi mi mi (3) τ i the urgecy of disaster relief spot i β 1 the proportio of affected areas obtaied by AHP A i the area of the affected area at spot i A mi the miimum affected area β 2 the proportio of umber of casualties obtaied by AHP N i the umber of casualties of at spot i N mi the least umber of casualties β 3 the proportio of time of cut off the water supply ad power obtaied by AHP T i the time of cut off the water supply ad power at spot i A mi the shortest time of cut off the water supply ad power Takig ito accout all the ifluecig factors, such as the traffic road coditio, actual travel distace, urgecy of disaster relief spot, the fial model formula ca be costructed (Eq.4). * l l l L l v i j ij ij ij j1 ij 1 ij 2 * 1 3 * i j v2 v v1 i j j1 L ij distace idex betwee i ad j α 1, α 2, α 3 the proportio of travel distace, trasport road coditios, ad urgecy of disaster relief spot obtaied by AHP respectively l ij actual travel distace betwee i ad j v 2 v 1 real-time average speed i the momet before disaster average speed uder ormal circumstaces v the speed loss caused by road damage τ i, τ j the urgecy of disaster relief spot i,j Solomo isertio-type heuristic algorithm (SIHA) select the best disaster relief spot to isert its best available isertio positio from all uspecified spots. Thus each time it isert the spot ad the isertio positio is the curret optimal, it will improve the quality of the solutio. The optimal isertio positio is determied by distace. Assumig that the uloadig spot d is iserted betwee the spots m ad. Whe the spot d iserted may cause chages i the distace ad time, which is (4) 3

4 EM-GIS'17, November 7 10, 2017, Redodo Beach, CA, USA Feg G.L et al. c 11 (Eq. 5), c 12 (Eq. 6). Combiig c 11 ad c 12,we acquire the c 1 (Eq. 7). The isertio positio of miimum c value is the optimal isertio positio. If isert a spot to the curret path get a greater beefit tha to isert to a ew path, this spot is optimal. The optimal spot is decided by c 2 (Eq. 8), which c 2 miimum spot is the optimal spot. c11 m, d, dm, d dd, dm, (5) c12 m, d, b, d b (6) d m, the distace betwee spots m ad b,d the ew time for service to begi at customer give that d is o the route c 1 (m, d, ) = γ 1 c 11 (m, d, ) + (1 γ 1 )c 12 0 γ 1 1 (7) c 2 (m, d, ) = μd 0,d c 1 (m, d, ) μ 0 (8) 3 CASE STUDIES This model is suitable for fidig the optimal route for emergecy resource schedulig after a disaster, such as hurricae, tsuami, earthquake. Shezhe is located i the souther coast of Chia, ad it ofte have typhoo by the impact of geographical locatio. The fourth typhoo Nida attacked Shezhe i august 2016, because the timely warig ad emergecy supplies prepared, it did ot cause too much loss. As the road surface gathered water caused by typhoo brig a lot of icoveiece to the people travel. Therefore, this model is used to study the optimal schedulig route of Nasha Water Group i Nasha District for the road surface gathered water spot. The locatios of supply spot ad demad spots are show i Fig. 2. There are oly oe supply spot ad fiftee demad spots, the Water group assig five vehicles for trasport. The experts combie the Aalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method ad the historical experiece to determie the proportio of each ifluecig factor(table 2). The real-time traffic idex obtai from the website of Trasport Commissio of Shezhe Muicipality, ad road damage ca be observed through the road traffic moitor. The speed loss ca be easily acquired. Cosiderig the traffic road coditios ad the urgecy of disaster relief spot ad usig ArcGIS etwork aalysis(fig. 3) to isert the model, we acquire the OD cost matrix ad kow the distace betwee the emergecy resource supply spot ad demad spots. Solomo isertio-type heuristic algorithm (SIHA) is proposed to idetify the optimal routes. The optimal routes are show i Fig. 4, the shortest total distace is miles. Figure 2. Locatios of supply spot ad demad spots Table 2. Proportio of ifluecig factor α Value β Value α β α β α β Figure 3. Network aalysis withi the study area 4

5 algorithm (SIHA) ad etwork aalysis help users idetify the optimal routes. ArcGIS provides visualizatio output of optimal routes. This result assist the emergecy maager to make a decisio with full cosideratio of travel distace, traffic coditios, the priorities of the resources demad. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was supported by the Natioal Natural Sciece Foudatio of Chia (Grat No ), Natioal Sciece ad Techology Support Program (Grat No. 2015BAK10B03). Figure 4. Optimal route of emergecy material schedulig 4 CONCLUSION A GIS-based decisio support system was applied to determie the optimal route of emergecy material schedulig. The model quatify the urgecy of the disaster relief spot by cotrastig with the stadard values, meawhile cosiderig the traffic coditios ad travel distace i detail. The ERSM ca be widely used for a variety of post-disaster emergecy supplies schedulig to support the reasoable emergecy resource assigmet i disaster maagemet. Accordig to the damage experiece of differet disasters, experts ca flexibly calculate the proportio of each factor usig the Aalytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Solomo isertio-type heuristic REFERENCES [1]Ardjmad, E., Youg, W. A., Weckma, G. R., Bajgira, O. S., Amiipour, B., & Park, N Applyig geetic algorithm to a ew bi-objective stochastic model for trasportatio, locatio, ad allocatio of hazardous materials. Expert Systems with Applicatios A Iteratioal Joural, 51(C), [2] Bowersox D.J., Closs D.J Logistics maagemet: The itegrated supply chai process. McGraw-Hill, Sigapore. [3] Ballou R.H Busiess logistics maagemet. Pretice-Hall Iteratioal Ic. [4] Johso J.C., Wood D.F Cotemporary logistics. Pritice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. [5] Sheu, J. B Challeges of emergecy logistics maagemet. Trasportatio Research Part E Logistics & Trasportatio Review, 43(6), [6] Sheu, J. B A emergecy logistics distributio approach for quick respose to urget relief demad i disasters. Trasportatio Research Part E Logistics & Trasportatio Review, 43(6), [7] Hu, Z. H., & Sheu, J. B Post-disaster debris reverse logistics maagemet uder psychological cost miimizatio. Trasportatio Research Part B Methodological, 55(9), [8] Nayati, M. A. K School bus routig ad schedulig Usig GIS. [9] Abousaeidi, M., Fauzi, R., & Muhamad, R Geographic iformatio system (gis) modelig approach to determie the fastest delivery routes. Saudi Joural of Biological Scieces, 23(5), [10] Ha, K Developmet of a iteroperable geographic iformatio system platform for trasportatio applicatios. [11] Wiyoopradist, S., Siagsuebchart, S Network Aalysis for variable traffic speed. Paper preseted at the ESRI User Coferece. [12] Gohari, A Route Plaig System based o Geographic Iformatio System (Master of Sceice (M.Sc)). Uiversity Techology Malaysia (UTM), Uiversity Techology Malaysia. [13] Solomo, M. M Algorithms for the vehicle routig ad schedulig problems with time widow costraits. Operatios Research, 35(2),