Freight: Challenging the Role of Public Sector Officials

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1 Freight: Challenging the Role of Public Sector Officials Jason J. Bittner May 17, 2012 CUTR Webcast Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida

2 Happy National Bike to Work Week Grist.org Nowtopians.com Cargocycling.org 2

3 My own personal favorite Photo credit: Hopworks Urban Brewery; bikerumor.com 3

4 Overview Public Sector Role The Freight Story Example Cases Integrating Freight Land Use Recommendations Organizational Structure Economic Development Issues Overall Freight Movements 4

5 Public Sector and Freight Why should we consider freight? It is the Economy in Motion! Jobs, Jobs, Jobs Congestion and Capacity Coordinated Ownership and Management Efficiency Environmental considerations Power of Freight Corridors 5

6 Understanding Supply Chains Supply chains have spatial/geographic dimensions Activity hubs and links between hubs Scope: local, regional, national, international No respect for political jurisdictions The transportation system links these diverse locations and functions Raw materials Production stages Warehousing and distribution Retail 6

7 Freight Transportation in Production and Distribution From NCFRP s Envision Freight 7

8 THE FREIGHT STORY 8

9 Freight Factors Freight tsunami Fueled by Population Growth Consumption Product cycles Fueled by technology Just in time and Pull logistics International Trade / Globalization Many modes, many routes Freight efficiency depends on policy 9

10 Freight Considerations Higher Service Cost Continuum Lower Air Truck Rail Water Pipeline $10,000 - $1/lb /lb. 1-1/2 /lb. Fastest, most visible Lowest weight, highest value/weight ratio, most time-sensitive cargo Generally higher emissions per ton Moderate speed and visibility Range of weight and value Generally moderate emissions per ton Slower, less visible Highest weight, lowest value/weight ratio, least time-sensitive cargo Generally lower emissions per ton 10

11 Domestic Freight Network 11

12 How Does Freight Move in the U.S.? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% Other and unknown modes Other multiple modes Parcel, U.S.P.S. or courier Pipeline Air (included truck and air) Water 20% 10% 0% Value ($11.7 Trillion) Tons (12.5 Billion) Ton-Miles (3.3 Trillion) Rail Truck 12

13 How Far Do Things Move? Average Distance Shipped by Mode Trucking-Private Water - Shallow draft Trucks - Average Water - Average Trucking - For Hire Water - Great Lakes Rail Water - Deep draft Parcel, U.S.P.S. or courier Air (included truck and air) All modes

14 Logistics Today and Corridors Geography remains critical Time means money Cost management strategy Warehousing alternatives Shipper removed from transport decisions 3PLs Site developers more focused on access issues Congestion is wasteful Productivity losses Emissions / Environmental influences Higher overall costs 14

15 Delicate Nature of Freight Interventions Government picking winners and losers Fair funding allocations Outside influences beyond government control 15

16 Common Misunderstandings If you build it, they will come Time horizons are off cycle Delicate nature of location and siteselection decisions Predicting cargo booms Wind Energy Fracking Mergers and acquisitions 16

17 ATRI Bottlenecks for Trucks 17

18 Rail Congestion 18

19 Rail Corridor Upgrades (since 2000) Rodrigue,

20 CSX s National Gateway Chicago Pittsburgh New York Columbus Norfolk Atlanta Charleston Norfolk Southern s Heartland Corridor Jacksonville New Double Stack Capacity from East Coast to Ohio Valley & Midwest 20

21 Successful Government Partnerships Alameda Corridor CREATE TIGER Grant Program Port of Tampa Truck Access Lanes Rickenbacker Intermodal Minnesota Freight Advisory Committee Twin Cities Metropolitan Area Regional Freight Initiative Others 21

22 Successful Multistate Coalitions Mid-America Freight Coalition I-95 Corridor Coalition ITTS Connected Vehicle Technologies / ITS 22

23 Jury is Still Out Chicago Intermodal Facility Keystone Pipelines Port dredging I-70 Dedicated Truck Lanes Connected Vehicle Technologies / ITS 23

24 INTEGRATING FREIGHT 24

25 Influencing the Systems Outreach to Stakeholders Planning and Design Understanding Multimodal/Intermodal moves Freight friendly planning Reauthorization A National Vision for Freight? Land Use 25

26 Performance Measurement Category Areas Safety/Security Infrastructure Preservation Accessibility to Key Centers Mobility Community and Environmental Sustainability 26

27 LAND USE 27

28 Freight and Land Use Incompatibility Conflicts between freight operations and adjacent land uses Residential, commercial, Schools, hospitals, etc. Particularly an issue in urban areas Nuisances Congestion, traffic issues Noise, vibration, light Pollution and health Infrastructure damage Physical encroachment or interference Safety At-grade crossings Trespass Accidents and spills 28

29 Livability Freight influences livability Access management Emergency management Transit conflicts (urban environments) Pedestrian and Bicycle mode issues Emissions Density requires efficient freight movements PHOTO BY J. DOUGHERTY/SIERRA CLUB 29

30 Land Use Authority in the U.S. 30

31 Typical Local Government Land Use System August

32 State Enabling Acts State statute ( enabling act ) delegates the state s land use authority to local governments and specifies: Extent of authority Required planning matters Required procedural steps Required planning documents (comprehensive plan, zoning ordinances, zoning map, subdivision ordinances, etc.) Very few include freight operations as a required planning element 32

33 Local Land Use is Influenced by Other Processes 33

34 Other Critical Land Use Issues Corridor Preservation Environmental Justice Source: The Impact Project, June ehsc/pdfs/d-1-3%20trade%20health %20Environment.pdf 34

35 RECOMMENDATIONS 35

36 Funding Identify Freight projects in STIP Leverage Partnerships New mechanisms? Innovative Financing Privatization TIGER Freight Fees NCFRP 29 New Dedicated Revenue Mechanism for Freight Transportation Investment 36

37 Organizational Structure Multistate Coalitions Freight Coordinators One Stop Shop Permitting Planning Operations Involve Freight Stakeholders 37

38 Economic Impact/Development Issues Freight Facility Location guide NCFRP 13 Building upon TIGER programmatic approach Clear mechanisms for benefit/cost applications Economic growth poles/clusters Preserve freight corridors and land uses in planning processes 38

39 Sample from NCFRP 13 39

40 Freight Movements Invest in modeling Establishing freight corridors Superload Routes Better use and acquisition of data for planning Realtime information (Advanced Traveler Information Systems) Multistate Coalitions Crowdsourcing information 40

41 Contact Information Jason Bittner, Director Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida Go Bulls! 41