Life Safety Training

Transcription

1 Life Safety Training Means of Egress (Exits) Prepared By: Bilal El-Iskandarani Senior Fire Protection Engineer American University of Beirut Environmental Health, Safety & Risk Management داي رة الجامعة الا ميركية في بيروت الصحة البيي ية السلامة ومعالجة المخاطر December, 2013

2 OBJECTIVES Number of exits Arrangements of exits and exit discharge Indentify Load Factor Indentify Capacity Factor Identify and Calculate Egress Capacity Stair Enclosures Components & Clearances Ramps December,

3 NUMBER OF EXITS The number of means of egress from any story having occupant load more than 500 but not less than 1000 occupants is not less than 3 The number of means of egress from any story having occupant load more than 1000 occupants is not less than 4 In general, every building is required to be provided with not less than two exits (unless distance to outside is too small). December,

4 ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS Exits shall be located at a distance from one another not less than one-half (1/2) the length of the maximum diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served. In buildings protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system, the minimum separation distance between two exits shall be not less than one-third (1/3) the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served This is provided that the exit locations meet the common path of travel limit and the travel distance to an exit limit December,

5 LOAD FACTOR December,

6 LOAD FACTOR (CONTINUED) December,

7 EGRESS CAPACITY Corridors and ramps have a capacity factor of 5 mm per person and a clear width of not less than 1120 mm Corridors in sprinklered health care occupancies have a capacity factor of 7.6 mm and a clear width of not less than 2440 mm Stairs have a capacity factor of 7.6 mm per person and a clear width of not less than 1120 mm December,

8 EGRESS CAPACITY Exit doors have a capacity factor of 5 mm per person and a clear width of not less than 810 mm based on the need for an occupant traveling on wheelchair The clear width of any door is measured at the narrowest point between the face of the door leaf and the stop of the frame December,

9 OCCUPANT LOAD The number of occupant per floor = Floor Area Occupant Load Factor = 3720 sqr meters = 400 persons 9.3 (sqr m/person) December,

10 EGRESS CAPACITY The clear width of the corridor = Occupant load per floor x Capacity Factor = 400 persons x 5 (mm /person) = 2000 mm The clear width of stair doors = Occupant load per floor x Capacity Factor = 400 persons x 5 (mm /person) = 2000 mm The clear width of the stairs = Occupant load per floor x Capacity Factor = 400 persons x 7.6 (mm /person) = 3040 mm December,

11 STAIR ENCLOSURE December,

12 STAIR CLEARANCES Stairs landings are required to be as wide as the stair. The clearance between the leading edge of the opening door leaf and stair newel post is required to be at least half (1/2) the landing width. Stair floor landings may be widened to be used as safe refuge areas for persons on wheelchairs December,

13 STAIR CLEARANCES December,

14 GUARDS AND HANDRAILS Open guards shall have unclimbable intermediate rails or an ornamental pattern such that a sphere 100 mm in diameter is not able to pass through any opening up to a height of 865 mm The triangular openings formed by the riser, tread, and bottom element of a guardrail at the open side of a stair shall be of such size that a sphere 150 mm in diameter is not able to pass through the triangular opening. The total height of a guard or handrails that form part of a guard shall be 1065 mm, measured vertically to the top of the rail from the leading edge of the tread. December,

15 HANDRAILS Handrails are required at both sides of stairs Handrails are recommended to have a circular cross section of mm (1 ¼ 1 ½ ) Handrails shall be continuously graspable along their entire length. Handrail ends shall be returned to the wall or floor or shall terminate at newel posts in order not to engage loose clothing. Wall or guard mounted handrails shall be: Installed mm above tip of stair tread Mounted as indicated in figures December,

16 MARKING AND ILLUMINATION UL listed (15 cm high characters) exit signs are mounted as required by code and within 30 m viewing distance Unified exit signs of the pictogram type are installed throughout AUB & AUBMC All paths of egress (Corridors and stairs) are required to be provided with maintained emergency lighting which provide 10.8 lux at finished floor level with 90 minutes autonomy. December,

17 EXIT DISCHARGE Half of the building s occupant load may be discharged through the main lobby and the other half has to be discharged to the outside The proximity of exit discharge paths measured between point A and Point B is also required to meet the onehalf diagonal (1/2 or 1/3 D) requirement for non-sprinklered and sprinklered buildings respectively December,

18 RAMPS (8%) Ramps shall have landings located at the top and the bottom, and at doors opening onto the ramp. Any changes in travel direction shall be only at landings. Every landing shall have a width not less than the width of the ramp and shall be not less than 1525 mm long in the direction of travel. Ramps and landings with drop-offs shall have curbs, walls, railings, or projecting surfaces that prevent people from traveling off the edge of the ramp. Curbs or barriers shall be not less than 100 mm in height. All ramps with a rise greater than 150 mm shall have handrails along both sides. Guards similar to stair guards are required when ramps rise is 760 mm and above. December,

19 VIOLATIONS December,

20 VIOLATIONS December,

21 VIOLATIONS December,

22 VIOLATIONS December,

23 QUESTIONS? NEED MORE INFORMATION للمزيد من المعلومات Call Ext اتصل 2360 بنا على الرقم December,

24 THANK YOU شكرا HAVE A SAFE DAY December,