COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document (TSD)

Transcription

1 COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document (TSD) Charles Eley, FAIA, PE September 28, 2015 Summary This TSD documents the procedure used to calculate the COMNET default plug loads published in Appendix B Modeling Data (Rev 8), which was uploaded to the COMNET site in September Changes to the plug load default values are summarized in the following bullets: The COMNET default plug load values have been updated to reflect the almost exclusive use of flat screen monitors in office and other commercial buildings. Other base assumptions on equipment power have also been updated. These changes resulted in a significant reduction in the COMNET default s. See Table 1 and the associated notes for a description of the revised assumptions. The COMNET purpose to support the federal tax deduction is no longer relevant since the deduction has expired. The (equipment power density) values to support this from the 2005 California ACM have been deleted (hidden). Procedure for Default Plug Load Values Equipment Power Density The (equipment power density) is estimated for each of the approximate 5,000 sites in the 2003 CBECS dataset using a modification of the procedure described in Section C.14 of NREL/TP For each site in the CBECS dataset, the equipment power was calculated using Equation 1. Four of the independent variables in Equation 1 are taken from Section C.14 of NREL/TP These are provided for each of the PBAPLUS8 building classifications used in the CBECS dataset and listed here in Table 3. where P PD sd P = (C ss PP ss + PP mmmm ) d Equation 1 the estimated equipment power density for the space or building in W/ft². an estimate of receptacle power for surveyed devices including personal computers, monitors, servers, printers and other equipment determined from Equation 2. Units are W/ft². This term varies for each CBECS site and is based on fields in the CBECS dataset. PD misc an estimate of miscellaneous receptacle power for equipment not specifically accounted for in PD sd. This is from NREL/TP and varies for each PBAPLUS8 building classification in CBECS. C sd, a coefficient to scale the P sd power of surveyed devices. This coefficient along with PD misc accounts for unreported equipment. This is from NREL/TP and varies for each PBAPLUS8 building classification in CBECS. 1 NREL/TP , Methodology for Modeling Building Energy Performance across the Commercial Sector, March COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 1

2 d a diversity factor that affects the entire estimate of. For most building classifications this is unity. This is from NREL/TP and varies for each PBAPLUS8 building classification in CBECS. Note that the calculated in this procedure does not include process equipment such as commercial refrigeration cases, walk-in freezers and refrigerators, cooking equipment, elevators and other devices. The estimate is intended to capture the equipment that is normally plugged into convenience outlets. Specific values for the unknowns, c sd, PD misc and d, were developed by using an iterative process and comparing them to the EUI results from the CEUS (CEC 2006) (see Table 2-1). The non-hvac end use results from CEUS were selected to calibrate the plug and process peak loads, because that study appears to offer the best source of such data and by reasoning, that there is little reason the non-weather related, non-hvac energy uses in California commercial buildings should differ from the rest of the U.S. commercial sector. The scheduling diversity factor was used for the religious worship subsectors when the square wave load shapes were suspected to be especially inadequate. 2 The PD sd term for surveyed devices is calculated using Equation 2 and is based on the density of equipment at each CBECS site and assumptions on the average power for each device. Equation 2 where P xx N xx Area PP SS = P PPPP N PPPP + P PPPP N PPPP + P MMM N MMM + P SSS N SSS + P PPP N PPP + P PPPPPPP N PPPPPPP + P PPPPPPP N PPPPPPP + P CCCC N CCCC + P FFF N FFF + P RRRRRR N RRRRRR + P VVVV N VVVV AAAA the nominal mean power for each xx device. See Table 1 below for a description of the subscripts and how the average power was determined for each device. The COMNET assumptions for surveyed equipment power differ from those used by NREL. the number of devices in the proposed design for the xx device in question. See Table 1 below for a description of the subscripts and how the number of devices was determined for each CBECS site. the floor area of the building in ft². Statistical Analysis Once, the was estimated for each of the approximately 5,000 CBECS sites, the average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum was calculated for each PBA8 and PBAPLUS8 building classification. These are shown in Table 4. With straight averages, small buildings carry the same weight as large buildings, so to correct for this, a CBECS weighted average was calculated. This is weighted by both the area of the site (SQFT8) and the CBECS weight (ADJWT8). With this procedure, larger buildings have a larger impact on the weighted average. Also, buildings that have a greater representation in the population have a larger impact on the weighted average. The CBECS weighted average is used as the COMNET default. Mapping to Standard 90.1 Building and Space Classifications The final step in the process was to map the CBECS building classifications and s to the Standard 90.1 whole building and space-by-space classifications. This mapping is shown in Table 5. 2 Ibid. COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 2

3 Credits for ENERGY STAR Equipment Purchasing and operating office equipment such as computers, monitors, copiers, printers, refrigerators and vending machines is generally not the purview of the design and construction team. Such equipment is typically brought into the building after the certificate of occupancy is issued by the building department and the design and construction team has moved on to the next project. In addition, the life of office equipment is relatively short, compared to other buildings systems. For these reasons, it is difficult to offer credits for plug load reductions when evaluating new construction projects. However, opportunities for plug load savings can be significant. Kaneda, et al. found savings on the order of 44% for one project. 3 Many of the potential plug load savings are associated with proper management, e.g. carefully setting and maintaining software power management settings and implementing incentive programs to encourage staff and tenants to turn off equipment when it is not needed. 4 These savings come with little cost and can be significant. Other opportunities are related to energy efficient hardware. EPA s ENERGY STAR program applies to office equipment and EPA estimates that qualifying equipment is significantly better than conventional equipment. The ENERGY STAR savings are due to more efficient hardware components, but also advanced controls to automatically power down equipment when it is not in use. Hardware control strategies are also emerging; including occupant controlled power strips and automatically controlled convenience outlets 5. The EPA provides a calculator to estimate the savings from ENERGY STAR qualifying office equipment. Results from this spreadsheet are provided in Table 6. The recommended COMNET credits are based on these EPA estimates when a 30 year or more commitment to ENERGY STAR is made. Since these savings include both hardware and controls, no additional savings are added for automatically controlled power strips or outlets. Nor are additional savings added for incentive programs to affect occupant behavior. If a new building is initially outfitted with 100% ENERGY STAR equipment and there is no long-term commitment to buy ENERGY STAR replacement equipment, the savings should be discounted because of the short life of the equipment. The discount factors for periods of commitment less than 30 years are shown in Table 7. These discount factors represent the series present worth factor (Series PWF) for the period in question to the Series PWF for a 30 year period. The Series PWF s are calculated with a 4% discount rate, which is what is used by EPA in its ENERGY STAR program. Table 8 shows the mean power to be used in calculating PD sd. The first column has the baseline power that is consistent with the assumptions in Table 1. These values are used for the baseline building and for the proposed design when there is no commitment to ENERGY STAR equipment. When the owner/manager is willing and able to make a long term commitment, then values from the other columns may be used for the proposed design, depending on the length of commitment. The COMNET recommended credits only apply to surveyed devices ; PD misc and C sd are unaffected. This results in a modest credit for plug load reductions. The overall reduction in plug loads is typically about half of the credit offered for surveyed devices, depending on the ratio of P sd to P misc ACEEE 2010 Summer Study, Plug Load Reduction: The Next Big Hurdle for Net Zero Energy Building Design, David Kaneda, IDeAs, Brad Jacobson, EHDD, Peter Rumsey, Rumsey Engineers Commercial Office Plug Load Savings Assessment, ECOS, December 2011, Report 3.2, CEC PIER Program, # ASHRAE Standard requires that half of 110 V outlets in offices and computer classrooms be automatically controlled. COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 3

4 Table 1: Assumptions on Number of Devices and their Associated Power Subscript (xx) N (number of devices) P (assumed power for each device) PC Desktop Computers NB Notebook Computers Mon Monitors Svr Servers POS wpoint of sale device Prnt Printer Copy Copier Fax Fax Machine Refrig Refrigerators Vend Vending Machines The PCNUM8 field from CBECS is an estimate of the number of computers at each site. 60% of the computers are assumed to be desktop and 40% are notebooks 6. Each desktop computer is assumed to have a single monitor and 25% of all computers are assumed to have a second monitor 8. The SRVNUM8 field from CBECS is an estimate of the number of servers at each site. Note: These are small servers. Computer rooms are modeled separately. The RGSTRN8 field from CBECS is an estimate of the number of POS devices (cash registers) at each site. The PRNTRN8 field from CBECS is an estimate of the number of printers at each site. The PRNTYP8 field indicates the type of printer, e.g. 1-inkjet, 2-laser, 3- other, and 4-half inkjet and half laser. The COPIER8 field from CBECS is an estimate of the number of copiers at each site. The FAX8 field from CBECS is an estimate of the number of fax machines The RFGRSN8 field from CBECS is an estimate of the number of refrigerators at each CBECS site. The RFGVNN8 field from CBECS is an estimate of the number of vending machines at each site. The desktop computers are assumed to have an average power of 65 W (not including the monitor) and the notebook computers are assumed to have an average power of 25 W (including the integral monitor) 7. Each monitor is assumed to have a power of 30 W 9. Each server is assumed to have an average power of 524 W 10. Each point of sale (POS) device is assumed to have an average power of 48 W 11. The average power is assumed to be 25 W for inkjet, 110 W for laser, 135 W for other, and 67.5 for the mixture of inkjet and laser 12. The average power is assumed to be 372 W. This is based on the copier being used for 25% of the time at 800 W and standing idle the rest of the time at 230 W 13. The average power is assumed to be 55 W. 14 The average power of each refrigerator is assumed to be 350 W 15. The average power of each vending is assumed to be 400 W Source: Stastica.com. See also the Computer Sales tab in the COMNET Plug Loads Calcs (Rev3).xlsx. Source: 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 18. Footnote a to Table 8 recommends the 65 W for desktop computers. The average power for notebook computers is determined by averaging the six samples in Table 8. Professional judgement. Source: 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 18, Table 8, footnote c. Source: Koomey, February 15, 2007, Estimating Total Power Consumption by Servers in the U.S. and the World Source: 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 18, Table 10. Source: 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 18, Table 9. The value for inkjet is the average of small desktop printers. The value for laser is average of the sample laser printers listed in Table 9. The value for other is the medium desktop printer. The value for half is the average of 25 W and 110 W. Source: 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 18, Table 9. Both the idle power and the in-use power are an average of the three sample machines listed in Table 9. Source: 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 18, Table 9. Source: NREL/TP , Methodology for Modeling Building Energy Performance across the Commercial Sector, March Source: 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals, Chapter 18, Table 10. This value is the average of hot, cold and snack vending machines. COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 4

5 Table 2: Surveyed Equipment from CBECS 2003 (Units per 1,000 ft²) Principal Building Activity Servers PCs Printers Cash Reg Copiers Faxes Refrig Vend PBA Classification Vacant n.a Office n.a Laboratory n.a Nonrefrigerated warehouse n.a Food sales Public order and safety n.a Outpatient health care n.a Refrigerated warehouse n.a Religious worship n.a Public assembly n.a Education n.a Food service Inpatient health care n.a Nursing n.a Lodging n.a Strip shopping mall n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Enclosed mall n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Retail other than mall Service n.a Other n.a PBA Plus Classification Vacant n.a Administrative/professional office n.a Bank/other financial n.a Government office n.a Medical office (non-diagnostic) n.a Mixed-use office n.a Other office n.a Laboratory n.a Distribution/shipping center n.a Non-refrigerated warehouse n.a Self-storage n.a Convenience store Convenience store with gas station Grocery store/food market Other food sales n.a n.a. Fire station/police station n.a Other public order and safety n.a Medical office (diagnostic) n.a Clinic/other outpatient health n.a Refrigerated warehouse n.a Religious worship n.a Entertainment/culture n.a COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 5

6 Table 2: Surveyed Equipment from CBECS 2003 (Units per 1,000 ft²) Principal Building Activity Servers PCs Printers Cash Reg Copiers Faxes Refrig Vend Library n.a Recreation n.a Social/meeting n.a Other public assembly n.a College/university n.a Elementary/middle school n.a High school n.a Preschool/daycare n.a Other classroom education n.a Fast food Restaurant/cafeteria Other food service Hospital/inpatient health n.a Nursing home/assisted living n.a Nursing home/assisted living n.a Nursing home/assisted living n.a Nursing home/assisted living n.a Nursing home/assisted living n.a Nursing home/assisted living Retail store Other retail Post office/postal center n.a Repair shop n.a Vehicle service/repair shop n.a Vehicle storage/maintenance n.a Other service n.a Other n.a Strip shopping mall n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Enclosed mall n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 6

7 Table 3: Coefficients for Equation 2 Source: NREL/TP , Methodology for Modeling Building Energy Performance across the Commercial Sector, March 2008, Table C-25 PBAPlus Code CBECS Principle Building Activity (Plus) C sd (unitless) PD misc (W/ft²) d (unitless) 1 Vacant Administrative/professional office Bank/other financial Government office Medical office (non-diagnostic) Mixed-use office Other office Laboratory Distribution/shipping center Non-refrigerated warehouse Self-storage Convenience store Convenience store with gas station Grocery store/food market Other food sales Fire station/police station Other public order and safety Medical office (diagnostic) Clinic/other outpatient health Refrigerated warehouse Religious worship Entertainment/culture Library Recreation Social/meeting Other public assembly College/university Elementary/middle school High school Preschool/daycare Other classroom education Fast food Restaurant/cafeteria Other food service Hospital/inpatient health Nursing home/assisted living Retail store Other retail Post office/postal center Repair shop Vehicle service/repair shop Vehicle storage/maintenance Other service Other Strip shopping mall n.a. n.a. n.a. 51 Enclosed mall n.a. n.a. n.a. COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 7

8 Table 4: Summary of Estimates for the CBECS Building Classifications PBA Classification Average Standard Dev Minimum Maximum CBECS Weighted Vacant Office Laboratory Nonrefrigerated warehouse Food sales Public order and safety Outpatient health care Refrigerated warehouse Religious worship Public assembly Education Food service Inpatient health care Nursing Lodging Strip shopping mall n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Enclosed mall n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Retail other than mall Service Other PBA Plus Classification Vacant Administrative/professional office Bank/other financial Government office Medical office (non-diagnostic) Mixed-use office Other office Laboratory Distribution/shipping center Non-refrigerated warehouse Self-storage Convenience store Convenience store with gas station Grocery store/food market Other food sales Fire station/police station Other public order and safety Medical office (diagnostic) Clinic/other outpatient health Refrigerated warehouse Religious worship COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 8

9 Table 4: Summary of Estimates for the CBECS Building Classifications Average Standard Dev Minimum Maximum CBECS Weighted Entertainment/culture Library Recreation Social/meeting Other public assembly College/university Elementary/middle school High school Preschool/daycare Other classroom education Fast food Restaurant/cafeteria Other food service Hospital/inpatient health Nursing home/assisted living Dormitory/fraternity/sorority Hotel Motel or inn Other lodging Vehicle dealership/showroom Retail store Other retail Post office/postal center Repair shop Vehicle service/repair shop Vehicle storage/maintenance Other service Other Strip shopping mall n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Enclosed mall n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 9

10 Table 5: Mapping of CBECS Building Classifications to the Standard 90.1 Whole Buildings and Space-by-Space Classifications COMNET/90.1 Classifications Whole Building Auto Repair Convention Center Court House Dining, Bar/Cocktail Lounge Dining, Cafeteria/Fast Food Dining, Family Dormitory Exercise Center Fire Station Gymnasium Health Care Clinic Hospital Hotel Library Manufacturing Facility Motel Motion Picture Theatre Multi-Family Museum- General Office Parking Garage Penitentiary Performing Arts Theatre Police Station Post Office Religious Building Retail School/University Sports Arena Town Hall Transportation Warehouse Workshop Space-by-Space Atrium,(First 40 ft in height) Atrium,(Height above 40 ft ) Audience/Seating Area, Auditorium Audience/Seating Area, Motion Picture Theater Audience/Seating Area, Performing Arts Theater Automotive,Service/Repair Bank/Office,Banking Activity Area Classroom/Lecture/Training Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose Mapping to CBECS PBA8 or PBAPLUS8 Service (except Food) Vehicle service/repair shop Office Government office Food service Other food service Food service Fast food Food service Restaurant/cafeteria Lodging Dormitory/fraternity/sorority Public order and safety Fire station/police station Outpatient health care PBA Inpatient health care PBA Lodging Hotel Public assembly Library Nonrefrigerated warehouse Distribution/shipping center Lodging Hotel Public assembly Entertainment/culture Lodging Other lodging Public assembly Entertainment/culture Office PBA Service (except Food) Vehicle storage/maintenance Public order and safety Other public order and safety Public assembly Entertainment/culture Public order and safety Fire station/police station Service (except Food) Post office/postal center Religious worship PBA Retail (except Malls) PBA Education PBA Service (except Food) Other service Nonrefrigerated warehouse Non-refrigerated warehouse Service (except Food) Repair shop Other PBA Other PBA Service (except Food) Vehicle service/repair shop Office Bank/other financial Education Other classroom education Public assembly Social/meeting COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 10

11 Table 5: Mapping of CBECS Building Classifications to the Standard 90.1 Whole Buildings and Space-by-Space Classifications COMNET/90.1 Classifications Convention Center, Audience Seating Convention Center, Exhibit Space Corridor/Transition Courthouse/Police Station/Penitentiary, Confinement Cells Courthouse/Police Station/Penitentiary, Courtroom Courthouse/Police Station/Penitentiary, Judges Chambers Dining Area, General Dining Area, Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining Dining Area, Family Dining Dormitory, Living Quarters Dressing/Fitting Room, Performing Arts Theater Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Room Fire Stations, Engine Room Fire Stations, Sleeping Quarters Food Preparation Gymnasium/Fitness Center, Fitness Area Gymnasium/Fitness Center, Gymnasium Audience Seating Gymnasium/Fitness Center, Playing Area Home Nursing/Senior Housing Hospital, Corridor/Transition Hospital, Emergency Hospital, Exam/Treatment Hospital, Laundry/Washing Hospital, Lounge/Recreation Hospital, Medical Supply Hospital, Nursery Hospital, Nurses Station Hospital, Operating Room Hospital, Patient Room Hospital, Pharmacy Hospital, Physical Therapy Hospital, Radiology/Imaging Hospital, Recovery Hotel Dining Hotel Guest Rooms Hotel Lobby Highway Lodging Dining Highway Lodging Guest Rooms Laboratory, Classrooms Laboratory, Medical/Industrial/Research Laundry Facility Library, Card File and Cataloging Library, Reading Area Library, Stacks Mapping to CBECS PBA8 or PBAPLUS8 Other PBA Public order and safety Other public order and safety Public order and safety Other public order and safety Public order and safety Other public order and safety Food service Restaurant/cafeteria Food service Restaurant/cafeteria Food service Other food service Lodging Dormitory/fraternity/sorority Retail (except Malls) Other retail Vacant PBA Vacant PBA Public order and safety Fire station/police station Public order and safety Fire station/police station Food service Other food service Nursing Nursing home/assisted living Food service Restaurant/cafeteria Lodging Hotel Food service Restaurant/cafeteria Lodging Motel or inn Laboratory PBA Laboratory PBA Service (except Food) Other service Public assembly Library Public assembly Library Public assembly Library COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 11

12 Table 5: Mapping of CBECS Building Classifications to the Standard 90.1 Whole Buildings and Space-by-Space Classifications COMNET/90.1 Classifications Lobby, General Lobby, Elevator Lobby, Motion Picture Theater Lobby, Performing Arts Theater Locker Room Lounge/Recreation Mechanical Control Room Manufacturing, Corridor/Transition Manufacturing, Detailed Manufacturing Manufacturing, Equipment Room Manufacturing, Extra High Bay (>50 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) Manufacturing, High Bay (25 50 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) Manufacturing, Low Bay (<25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) Museum, General Exhibition Museum, Restoration Storage, Active, Museum Storage, Inactive, Museum Office, Enclosed Office, Open Plan Parking Garage, Garage Area Penitentiary Audience Seating Penitentiary Classroom Penitentiary Dining Post Office, Sorting Area Religious Buildings, Audience Seating Religious Buildings, Fellowship Hall Religious Buildings, Worship Pulpit, Choir Restrooms Retail Dressing/Fitting Room Retail Mall Concourse Retail Sales Area Sports Arena, Audience Seating Sports Arena, Court Sports Arena Class 1 Sports Arena, Court Sports Arena Class 2 Sports Arena, Court Sports Arena Class 3 Sports Arena, Court Sports Arena Class 4 Sports Arena, Indoor Sports Fields Sports Arena, Ring Sports Arena Stairway Storage, Inactive, General Storage Transportation, Air/Train/Bus Baggage Area Transportation, Airport Concourse Transportation, Audience Seating Transportation, Terminal Ticket Counter Mapping to CBECS PBA8 or PBAPLUS8 Public assembly Entertainment/culture Public assembly Entertainment/culture Other PBA Office PBA Nonrefrigerated warehouse Distribution/shipping center Nonrefrigerated warehouse Distribution/shipping center Nonrefrigerated warehouse Distribution/shipping center Nonrefrigerated warehouse Distribution/shipping center Nonrefrigerated warehouse Distribution/shipping center Nonrefrigerated warehouse Distribution/shipping center Public assembly Entertainment/culture Service (except Food) Repair shop Nonrefrigerated warehouse PBA Nonrefrigerated warehouse PBA Office PBA Office PBA Service (except Food) Vehicle storage/maintenance Education Other classroom education Food service Restaurant/cafeteria Service (except Food) Post office/postal center Religious worship PBA Religious worship PBA Religious worship PBA Other PBA Other PBA Retail (except Malls) Other retail Retail (except Malls) Retail store Other PBA Nonrefrigerated warehouse PBA Nonrefrigerated warehouse PBA COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 12

13 Table 5: Mapping of CBECS Building Classifications to the Standard 90.1 Whole Buildings and Space-by-Space Classifications COMNET/90.1 Classifications Warehouse, Fine Material Storage Warehouse, Medium/Bulky Material Storage Warehouse, Refrigerated Workshop, General Mapping to CBECS PBA8 or PBAPLUS8 Nonrefrigerated warehouse PBA Nonrefrigerated warehouse PBA Refrigerated warehouse PBA Service (except Food) Repair shop Table 6: Annual Energy Use for ENERGY STAR and Conventional Office Equipment Source: EPA Office Equipment Calculator.xls, December 2014 Annual Energy Use (kwh/y) Device Category Conventional ENERGY STAR Savings Percent Savings Computer Desktop % Laptop % Monitor % Signage n.a. 2, ,393 63% Phone Desktop % Conference % Multifunction Device Standard Format % Large Format % Printers Standard format % Small format % Large format % Copiers Standard Format % Large Format % Fax Machine n.a % Scanner n.a % Table 7: Discounts for ENERGY STAR Commitments less than 30 years Discount Rate 4%. Discount Factor = Series PWF xx / Series PWF 30 Period of Commitment Series PWF for Period Discount Factor COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 13

14 Table 8: Nominal Mean Power for Surveyed Devices Baseline Power Based on Length of ENERGY STAR Commitment Subscript Description Power 5 y 10 y 15 y 20 y 30 y PCdt Desktop Computer PCnb Notebook Computer Mon Monitor Svr Server POS Point of Sale Device PRNTlas Printer Laser PRNTink Printer Inkjet Copy Copy Machine Fax Fax Machine Refrig Residential Refrigerator Vend Vending Machine COMNET Plug Loads Technical Support Document, September 28, 2015 Page 14