Drone Industry: Opportunities and Challenges. Ertuğrul Çetinsoy, PhD

Transcription

1 Drone Industry: Opportunities and Challenges by Ertuğrul Çetinsoy, PhD 1

2 Relevance to this topic: Aircraft design for DBF2006 in Turkey UçarSA: 2.5 m wing span, 2 m length, 10 kg weight Electric propulsion with Ni-Mh batteries Aluminum fuselage and I-beam wing spars Balsa wood wing ribs and control surfaces Depron wing surfaces 2

3 Relevance to this topic: Design and realization of quad tilt-wing UAV with VTOL and horizontal flight capabilities SUAVI: 1 m wing span, 1 m length, 4.5 kg weight Quad tilt-wing UAV with electric propulsion CRP body and Li-Po batteries Surveillance camera VTOL and wing loaded horizontal flight 30 min. vertical, up to 1 hour horizontal flight indoors and outdoors 70 km/h max. horizontal flight speed 3

4 Relevance to this topic: Design and realization of quad tilt-wing UAV with VTOL and horizontal flight capabilities 4

5 Relevance to this topic: Design and realization of quad tilt-wing UAV with VTOL and horizontal flight capabilities 5

6 Relevance to this topic: Design and realization of a holonomic quad rotor UAV for indoor applications Controls except yaw and lateral velocity as in ordinary quadrotors Rotor controls for noninclined orientation stabilization and altitude control Aircraft always parallel to ground Tilting control surfaces for lateral motion and yawing Propeller torques not utilized for yawing 6

7 Relevance to this topic: Tubitak MAM Energy Institute fuel cell powered fixed wing UAV 8.5 kg flight weight 2.5 m wing span, 2 m length, 8.5 kg weight Electric propulsion through fuel cell ~4 hour flight with fuel cell Fuel cell operation on sodiumborhydrate 4 kg without energy source GPS waypoint navigation Onboard surveillance camera 7

8 Relevance to this topic: Quad tilt-rotor UAV with hybrid energy source and morphing wings Quad tilt-rotor aircraft with V-type quad-rotor configuration - Full coverage of wings by rotor slipstream Mechanically morphing wings for low and high speeds - Wing-based horizontal flight in km/h speed range Gas engine-battery hybrid propulsion system 11 kg dry weight, 9 kg payload+fuel Fully carbon composite structure for low weight and sufficient strength Elevons and rudder on the tail for control in horizontal flight 8

9 History 1916 Flying Torpedo Flying for a given range with gyro stabilization and diving Flying bomb for hitting enemy ships 1950 s Ryan Firebee Remote controllable UAV with gyro control Flying target for fighter pilots and surveillance aircraft 1990 s and later RQ2 Pioneer and others Remote controllable and self navigating UAV s 9

10 Current perspective Debate about the necessity of F22 and F35 projects Why not design UAV instead?

11 Market growth Definition: Unmanned flying robots that can fly autonomously or semi-autonomously on various missions Growing Interest: Replacing manned aerial vehicles in missions that are monotonous dangerous impractical expensive for manned aircrafts Employed in civilian and military applications with a steeply increasing trend Currently 294 different UAV models [1] 974 design projects in 49 countries, 85 % of them being for military utilization [2] In the following 10 year, it will total over $62 billion [3] [1] Unmanned Aircraft Systems, July // [2] Karamanoglu M. Odedra S. Foran T. Prior, S. D. and M. A. Erbil. Development of a Co-Axial Tri-Rotor UAV, April [3] Earth Observations and the Role of UAVs: A Capabilities Assessment,

12 Military applications Surveillance (Widest application field) Reconnaissance Targetting Attacking Pilot training Electromagnetic signal jamming Aerial submarine mine localization and destruction Load transfer between naval vessels Aerial refueling

13 Civilian applications Pick & Place

14 Civilian applications-security and Search&Rescue Law enforcement (traffic, drug, fugitive, border patrol) Coastal control (oil and bilge water from ships) Rescue in the sea Fire intervention in tall buildings Forest fire sensing, early fire intervention Surveillance and rescue in disasters First aid Keeping birds away from airports

15 Civilian applications-agriculture Agricultural pesticide and seed spraying Artificial pollination Multispectral imaging of farms Pest control (eg corn borer) Land Use Crop type Plant count Leaf area index Soil type Soil moisture Growth stage Plant Height Nitrogen deficiencies Plant health Herding sheeps and cattle

16 Civilian applications-energy and Construction Pipeline surveillance Power line surveillance and repair Wind turbine and solar panel inspection Heavy lifting in constructions Bridge inspection Civil Engineering design mapping Photogrammetry services Digital elevation modeling 3D Feature extraction Thermographic imaging + Lidar Services

17 Civilian applications-environment and Climate Land cover mapping Carbon capping Renewable energy Environmental monitoring Waterway Monitoring Ice Flow Monitoring Parks (Asset management) Wildlife Conservation Mapping of animal population Anti-poaching Marine Biology 17

18 Civilian applications-social Events, Tourism, Trade and Housing Weddings Remote Tours of Distant Locations Sporting events Promotional videos for products Package delivery Sports event coverage Concerts Action/sports Documentary / Expedition Aerial cinematography for movies Real estate

19 Civilian applications-restraints Certification Human speech based ATC (UAV s cannot speak with humans)

20 Civilian applications-open research subjects Navigation without GPS (Image processing+ground based navigation broadcasts+ins) Accurate control in all conditions Sensor fusion for better situational awareness Collision avoidance Emergency condition actions Speech recognition and interpretation from ATC communication Multiple maneuvering methods Vector thrust Mass transfer Control surface reshaping Smaller UAVs Smaller autopilot and communication devices Smarter, AI supported, fully autonomous UAVs with improved flight capabilities

21 Questions? Thank you... 21