Digitalization Paul Davidsson Jan Persson Andreas Tapani

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1 Digitalization Paul Davidsson (Professor, Computer Science, Malmö University) Jan Persson (Associate Prof., Computer Science, Malmö University) Andreas Tapani (Research Director, Traffic analysis and logistics, VTI)

2 Challenge and Approach Major challenge: optimize the use of the available resources to meet the goals of society, including providing the best possible service to the potential travellers economical, environmental and social sustainability Approach: make use of modern information technology to collect and analyse information and then make recommendations to travellers public transport operators transport analysts and planners

3 On- going research Digitalization K2- funded research projects Agent- based Simulation of Passenger Transport in Urban Areas Efficient Interchange Stations Information- based Disturbance Management for Public Transport Examples of affiliated projects Sustainable Traveling Through Dynamic Public Transportation (Vinnova) Data Innovation Arena: Using open data to develop innovative services for people in motion (Vinnova) National Postgraduate School for Intelligent Transport Systems (Vinnova and Swedish Transport Administration)

4 Agent- based Simulation of Passenger Transport in Urban Areas Problem Actual tests Expensive Time-consuming Sometimes infeasible Transportation system issues Congestion, emission, service quality, coverage, etc. Instruments Different taxes, restrictions on vehicle use, ticket prices, investments in infrastructure, bus routes and frequency, etc. Impact assessment of changes in policies and infrastructure investments Traditional models Limited number of factors Oversimplification Neglecting interaction effects Implementation

5 Agent- based Simulation of Passenger Transport in Urban Areas Approach Cost Convenience Decision making module Travel time Social norms An agent-based model where every traveler is individually modeled Choice of travel (mode, time, route, etc.) Age Income Gender Work&home addresses Cost CO2 emission Time Number of interchange Skåne- trafiken Open API Car / bike ownership Traveler s characteristics Walking/Cycl ing distance Available travel options Google maps

6 Agent- based Simulation of Passenger Transport in Urban Areas Results A state- of- the- art analysis of relevant models A questionnaire survey of the needs of the relevant stakeholders A first version of the simulation model An initial case study concerning public transport pricing and commuting in the Malmö- Lund area (16 persons) Three scenarios: Half the price Current prices Double the price

7 Agent- based Simulation of Passenger Transport in Urban Areas The future Model development: The agent- based model will be further developed based on the experience of the initial experiment and the results of the survey of the needs. Validation: A larger simulation study regarding commuting in the Malmö- Lund region. Possibly also case studies in other urban regions in Sweden. Difficult to get actual data with sufficient precision, e.g., the home and working addresses (from RVU). Maybe necessary to generate artificial populations. Long- term: A follow- up project to validate and apply the simulation model in different European urban regions is considered, possibly funded by H2020.

8 Efficient Interchange Stations Problem Interchange stations are important in a high quality public transport system Connects different modes and routes High impact on passenger satisfaction How should the bus and tram terminal at interchange stations be designed? High capacity to avoid congestion and queues Large terminal Commercially valuable land Short walking distances Need of good tools to evaluate this trade- off Wikipedia/Ilya Plekhanov Small terminal

9 Efficient Interchange Stations Approach A simulation model of combined bus and tram terminals Discrete Event Simulation Event 2 Event 4 Event 7 Event 1 Event 5 Event 3 Event 6 The model will evaluate a given layout in terms of its capacity Applied to Norrköping s new interchange station A first step: A two- berth, off- street combined bus and tram stop at Norrköping interchange station

10 Efficient Interchange Stations Results A simulation model capable of comparing two stop designs One lane, no overtaking Present design Two lanes, buses can overtake at departure Performs marginally better at the present situation Greaterdifferences at higher inflowof vehicles, but too long queues to be feasible

11 Efficient Interchange Stations The future The stop model will be further developed and expanded into a model of a bus and tram terminal Application of the model to Norrköping s new interchange station Evaluation of dynamic platform allocation Long term: Optimize platform allocation, interaction between station and surroundings, effects of/for different passenger groups, the station in the lager public transport system, innovative solutions for future public transport systems at the station

12 Information- based Disturbance Management for Public Transport Problem Jan Persson and Åse Jevinger Situation: Given disturbances in the public transport system, there are a number of potential actions that can be taken by multiple actors (including travellers) Challenge: Relevant actors need to have information related to the disturbance when deciding what actions to take Actors often need information about actions taken by other actors Include the view of the traveller as an actor (i.e. being a decision maker and a potential provider of information) Adopt to the new law of travellers rights.

13 Information- based Disturbance Management for Public Transport Approach Identifying missing information by different actors in situations of disturbances Focus on short to mid range journeys Multiple transport modes and operators typically involved Focus on information needed for taking actions (e.g. re- planning resource, take another route etc.) Also include operators not directly involved (e.g. taxi and timetabled substitute transports) Mapping information needs to information availability Interviews, participating in workshops and literature/report reviews

14 Information- based Disturbance Management for Public Transport Results A map of the available information, including the information flows to/from the traveler and between different public transport actors Identified a rather large set of missing information (and problems) from the perspectives of the actors and the travelers The effects of the new law are also considered Suggested concepts that may support the situation Check- in system (including intended end destination) Open information system Suggested some rather straight forward solutions to some problems Travelers directed to other train

15 Information- based Disturbance Management for Public Transport The future Further investigations of the suggested concepts Further investigations of the effects of the new law Traveller opinions Information need of operators not directly involved in the disturbance Need for information processing Information reliability

16 Some Publications Digitalization Banafsheh Hajinasab, Paul Davidsson, Jan A. Persson, Johan Holmgren (2016) The requirements on transport models for estimating the effects of policies and infrastructure investments: A questionnaire study, 5th Nationella Transportforskningskonferensen. Banafsheh Hajinasab, Paul Davidsson, Jan A. Persson, Johan Holmgren (2016) Towards an Agent- based Model of Passenger Transportation. Multi Agent Based Simulation XVI, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 9568, Springer. Banafsheh Hajinasab, Paul Davidsson, Jan A. Persson, Johan Holmgren (2016) Using on- line services for outsourcing the computations in transport simulation, International Symposia of Transport Simulation and the International Workshop on Traffic Data Collection and its Standardisation Banafsheh Hajinasab, Paul Davidsson, Jan A. Persson, Johan Holmgren (2015) Agent- based simulation of passenger transport in urban areas, 4th Nationella Transportforsknings- konferensen. Banafsheh Hajinasab, Paul Davidsson, Jan A. Persson (2015) Att beräkna styrmedelseffekter, K2 Working Papers 2015:4. Åse Jevinger and Jan A. Persson Information- based Disturbance Management for Public Transport - Project report 1. K2 Working Papers 2016:15.