Policy Research Corporation

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1 Policy Research Corporation SOUND SOLUTIONS BASED ON SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The role of Maritime Clusters to enhance the strength and development of maritime sectors Country report Belgium

2 INTRODUCTION TO COUNTRY REPORTS Definitions for sectors and Areas as to be understood in this study are explained on pages 3 and 4 Countries are mapped in terms of employment in Area 1 (Traditional maritime sectors), Area 2 (Coastal and sea-related (marine) recreation and tourism) and Area 3 (Fisheries) by using the Star Method * adapted to the specific needs of this country-approach: Size-, Specialisation- and Focus-stars are awarded to regions on country-level Regions with less than persons employed in Area 1 and Area 2 and less than persons in Area 3 are not taken into account to receive a star for Size, Specialisation and Focus Stars for Size (s) are awarded to regions in the top-10 percentile of a country: also regions with more than persons employed in Area 1 and Area 2 or more than persons in Area 3 receive a star for Size Stars for Specialisation (p) are awarded to regions in the top-10 percentile of a country Stars for Focus (f) are awarded to regions in the top-10 percentile of a country: also regions with more than 5% focus of searelated employment in an Area in total regional employment in all sectors receive a star for Focus Allocation of national employment in Area 1 to NUTS II regions is based upon the following methodology: Location of shipyards and marine equipment suppliers for employment in shipbuilding and marine equipment Cargo handled in national ports for employment in seaports, shipping, offshore supply, maritime services, maritime works and marine aggregates Navy sites for naval forces Number of hotel establishments for allocation of employment of recreational boating Inland navigation based on location and significance of inland ports Regional employment figures (NUTS II) are used for Area 2 and Area 3 Main financial inter-sector relations and leader firms are also given in order to provide more detail on cluster strength ** Trends and policies in the maritime cluster of a country are analysed as well ** * See overview of the applied research methodology for more information on the Star Method developed by the Stockholm School of Economics and adapted by Policy Research in order to overcome correlation between the stars for Specialisation and Focus ** For the top-10 countries in terms of maritime employment and/or added value Policy Research Corporation 2

3 THE SEA RELATED SECTORS AND THEIR AREA- CLASSIFICATION TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN THIS STUDY Area 1 Area 2 Traditional maritime sectors * : Inland navigation Marine aggregates Marine equipment Maritime services Maritime works Navy and coastguard Offshore supply Recreational boating Seaports Shipbuilding Shipping Area 3 Coastal and sea-related (marine) recreation and tourism Fisheries * In the study Economic impact of maritime industries in Europe, carried out by Policy Research on behalf of the EC, the fisheries sector was also included as part of the traditional maritime sectors; furthermore, differences exist per country with regard to the scope of the maritime industry; the members of the European Network of Maritime Clusters regard eight sectors as part of the maritime cluster from a narrow perspective: shipping, shipbuilding, marine equipment, seaports, maritime services, yacht building, offshore services and fishing; three sectors can be added from a national, broader perspective: Navy and coastguard, inland navigation and maritime works Sectors will be mapped country wise for each of the Areas Policy Research Corporation 3

4 DEFINITIONS OF THE SEA-RELATED SECTORS Area 1: Traditional maritime sectors Inland navigation: Inland shipping and ship management; chartering-out; inland cruises and ferries; harbour and river towage; freighting Marine aggregates: Exploitation of marine aggregates Marine equipment: Manufacturing and wholesale trade in maritime equipment for all maritime (sub-)sectors (no building, repair and/or conversion and no offshore supply) Maritime services: Research and development; education; classification and inspection; bunkering; maritime insurance; maritime financing; maritime brokerage; maritime law; crewing; associations; government services; rescue; diving; ship supply (no port services) Maritime works: Dredging; nautical cable and pipelines; river works; construction of canals, dykes and ports; support vessels; sand transport Navy and coastguard (no shipbuilding) Offshore supply: Construction and installation of platforms, storage vessels and equipment; drilling; offshore-related transport, engineering, communication, consultancy and other support; seismic research; manufacturing, installation and maintenance of offshore and coastal wind turbines (no extraction of oil such as operators of oil rigs) Recreational boating: Boat chartering and renting; marinas; inland boat basins; supporting services concerning the construction of and trade in recreational vessels; boating-related training and trade (no manufacturing) Seaports: Cargo-handling; shipping related storage, agency, maritime logistics and forwarding; port authorities; pilotage Shipbuilding: Construction and repair of sea-going vessels (commercial ships, fishing boats and naval ships), recreational boats and inland vessels; ship scrapping; floating sections; dry docks (no offshore-rigs and/or -vessels) Shipping: Merchant shipping and ship management; short-sea shipping; chartering-out; ferry services; ocean towage (only national seafarers and onshore persons employed) Area 2: Coastal and sea-related (marine) recreation and tourism: Coastal tourism: Tourism within 10 km from the coast Cruise tourism: Service on board of cruise ships (no land-based tourism and/or related services) Area 3: Fisheries Fisheries: Maritime and inland fishing; fish processing; aquaculture Most common European definition for the sea-related sectors is used in order to map the economic impact of the maritime sectors on a European scale although some member states definitions may differ from the above Policy Research Corporation 4

5 EMPLOYMENT IN ALL SEA-RELATED SECTORS ON NUTS II-LEVEL IN BELGIUM North Sea NL Employment figures for Belgium in all Areas = Brussels Persons employed Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 FR Source: Policy Research based on Ecotec (2006) Employment trends in all sectors related to the sea or using sea-resources, Vlaamse Havencommissie (2005) Jaaroverzicht van de Vlaamse Havens 2005, BIMCO/ISF (2005) Manpower 2005 update, and Eurostat Industry, Trade and Services (Annual enterprise statistics) 2005, Eurostat Maritime Transport 2005, Eurostat Tourism indicators 2005, and LEI (2006) Employment in the fisheries sector Belgium employs persons in Area 1, persons in Area 2 and persons in Area 3 Policy Research Corporation 5

6 STARS FOR EMPLOYMENT IN TRADITIONAL MARITIME SECTORS (AREA 1) ON NUTS II-LEVEL IN BELGIUM s p f Size star Specialisation star Focus star North Sea s p f NL Employment figures for Belgium in traditional maritime sectors (Area 1) Brussels Persons employed DE Antwerpen 63% of of shipyards 85% of of employment in in ports and maritime services 30% of of recreational boating 45% of of employment in in maritime works 72% of of inland navigation FR Seaports Maritime services Maritime works Navy Shipbuilding Marine equipment Shipping Inland Recreational navigation boating In Belgium, employment in traditional maritime cluster amounts to Antwerpen is region with highest employment (26 000) and gains three stars within Belgium Source: Policy Research based on Ecotec (2006) Employment trends in all sectors related to the sea or using sea-resources, Vlaamse Havencommissie (2005) Jaaroverzicht van de Vlaamse Havens 2005, BIMCO/ISF (2005) Manpower 2005 update, and Eurostat Industry, Trade and Services (Annual enterprise statistics) 2005, and Eurostat Maritime Transport 2005 More than 70% of employment in the Belgian (traditional) maritime cluster is located in Antwerpen Policy Research Corporation 6

7 STARS FOR EMPLOYMENT IN COASTAL TOURISM (AREA 2) AND FISHERIES (AREA 3) ON NUTS II-LEVEL IN BELGIUM Area 2 Area 3 Direct (Σ direct) employment = persons Direct (Σ direct) employment = persons s p f s p f Star regions West-Vlaanderen (9 700) (3) Star regions West-Vlaanderen (1 700) (3) Source: Policy Research based on Eurostat Tourism indicators 2005 Source: Policy Research based on LEI (2006) Employment in the fisheries sector West-Vlaanderen is the major region in terms of employment in fisheries and coastal tourism in Belgium Policy Research Corporation 7

8 TRENDS IN THE BELGIAN MARITIME CLUSTER AND SECTORS Cluster Belgian Maritime Law does no longer fully match with current practices in shipping, seaports and maritime services (source: Van Hooydonk, 2008) Limited public awareness of the importance of the Belgian maritime cluster (mainly ports) (source: Vlaamse Havencommissie, 2007) Sectors Maritime works: Belgian companies remain world leading in dredging sector Strongly increasing sector during the last decade and positive prospects for the future Seaports: Traffic growth in the port of Antwerp continues steadily (source: Vlaamse Havencommissie, 2007) Large growth of turnover in 2007 in the port of Zeebrugge (source: Vlaamse Havencommissie, 2007 ) Total cargo handled in the port of Ghent decreased between 2004 and 2005, but new traffic growth is achieved in 2006 and 2007 (source: Vlaamse Havencommissie, 2007 ) In 2007 the seaports of Antwerp, Zeebrugge, Ghent and Ostend handled 258 million tonnes of cargo (growth compared to 2006: 7.9%), of which Short Sea Shipping traffic accounted for over 50%; in the first half of 2007 short sea traffic in the Flemish ports went up more than 5% (source: Vlaamse Havencommissie, 2007 and FOD MOB, 2007) Shipping: From 2004 on, growth was accomplished in flagging in ships and in overall growth of the fleet (KBRV, 2007) Sources: Van Hooydonk, E. (2008) Vlaamse Havencommissie (2007) Jaaroverizcht Vlaamse havens 2007, FOD MOB (Federal public service Mobility and Transport) (2007) UN-Inland Committee Transport questionnaire Belgium, Royal Belgian Shipping Association (KBRV) (2007) Annual Report 2007 Although Belgian maritime law does no longer fully match with current maritime practices, seaports, maritime works and shipping are growing sectors Policy Research Corporation 8

9 POLICY AND POLICY MEASURES IN THE BELGIAN MARITIME CLUSTER AND SECTORS Policy The Maritime Law Commission is looking into modernising the Belgian Maritime Law Increase the awareness of the importance of the Flemish ports Allow entrance to the port of Antwerp for large container vessels Integrated shipping policy introduced in 2004 Stimulation of further growth of inland navigation Policy measures First draft Maritime Law is introduced in the Green Book New Belgian Sea Law (Van Hooydonk, 2008) Flemish ports opened their gates to the public in 2008 to positively influence the public opinion of ports (source: Vlaamse Havencommissie, 2007) The Flemish and Dutch government will jointly finance the increase in accessibility for large container ships and tankers to enter the port of Antwerp by deepening the river Scheldt to 13.1 meter (source: Port of Antwerp, 2008) Measures for shipping to increase competitiveness through lower tonnage tax and lower wage tax (source: KBRV, 2007) Infrastructure works (e.g. upgrading canals) by regional governments and new industrial opportunities Stimulation of inland navigation by among others European incentives such as the Marco Polo and Naïades-programmes (source: FOD MOB, 2007) Sources: Van Hooydonk, E. (2008) Vlaamse Havencommissie (2007) Jaaroverzicht Vlaamse havens 2007, FOD MOB (Federal public service Mobility and Transport) (2007), UN-Inland Committee Transport questionnaire Belgium, Royal Belgian Shipping Association (KBRV) (2007) Annual Report 2007 and Information on website Port of Antwerp: Belgian policy aims to stimulate growing sectors shipping, seaports and inland navigation Policy Research Corporation 9