Manufacturability, safety, reliability and efficiency

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2 Manufacturability, safety, reliability and efficiency VVER reactor plant, related to a group of multi-loop plants, was initially designed as a six-loop plant and then evolved to a fourloop plant. In VVER RP the horizontal steam generators are always used and they never face with problems like fretting, fouling, denting, etc. Hexahedral fuel assemblies are used in VVER. What is VVER? ECCS accumulator Water-cooled water-moderated power reactor (VVER) is referred to the most prevailing type of light water reactors. In such type of reactors the water is used as coolant and moderator. Operation of VVER- and PWR-type plants is based on this principle. VVER is not the analogue of PWR related to this type because there is a number of essential distinctions both concerning the structure and materials used. Pressurizer Reactor In VVER reactor vessels no bottom penetrations are available. The high-capacity pressurizers are always used in VVER RP that improves the RP inherent safety. Main coolant pipeline 2 High-nickel alloys were never and nowhere used in the VVER structure. RCP set Horizontal steam generator Many other unique important engineering solutions are applied in VVER. 3

3 VVER technology is recognized in the world nuclear power engineering Generations of nuclear power reactor plants Nowadays there are 272 pressurized water reactors under operation in the world and 55 of them are of VVER type. The best up-to-date technologies in nuclear power engineering are applied and implemented. Over 1600 reactor-years of trouble-free operation. The greater part of VVER plants is constructed outside Russia. Since 2006 four Units have been commissioned abroad and two Units - in Russia. Eight Units are under construction in Russia, and twelve Units are under construction abroad. Advanced NPPs with VVER reactors ÔÔpossess the properties that allow preventing a dangerous influence of radioactive substances and ionizing radiation on personnel, population and environment under all operating conditions of the plant; ÔÔare resistant to external hazards such as airplane crash and earthquake; ÔÔmeet the world requirements for Generation III NPP. New generations of reactor plants and NPP The Units with evolutionary VVER power reactors, that are under construction now, are referred to the Generation III and Generation III+ reactors and meet the world s growing demands for clean and reliable energy source. 4 ÔÔConstruction of new VVER Units of 1000 and 1200 MW in Russia: Novovoronezh NPP-2, Leningrad NPP-2, Rostov NPP. ÔÔConstruction of new VVER Units of 1000 and 1200 MW abroad: Kudankulam NPP-1 in India, Tianwan NPP-2 in China, Belorusskaya NPP in the Republic of Belarus, Akkuyu NPP in Turkey. Prospecs of NPPs with VVER: ÔÔThe planned construction of Units: Khmelnitsky NPP in the Ukraine, Ninh Thuan NPP in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Ruppuhr NPP in the People s Republic Bangladesh, Hanhikivi NPP in Finland, PAKS NPP in Hungary, Armyanskasya NPP in Armenia, Kudankulam NPP-2 in India. ÔÔdevelopment of Russian nuclear power industry for the nearest future; ÔÔexpansion of Russian nuclear technology export. Just the VVER reactor becomes the basis for a series of standardized and efficient reactors for NPPs 5

4 Safety is the main convincing reason to choose the up-to-date VVER VVER plant is a guaranteed high quality Tianwan NPP with VVER reactors of V-428 model, commissioned in 2007, is the safest operating NPP in the world. It is the result of a long-term experience in designing and operation. The up-to-date safety approaches based on defense-in-depth principle with five safety levels are implemented in the recent designs of VVER-type reactors. Lessons of the accidents of the century at Three Mile Island NPP (USA, PWR-type reactor) and at Chernobyl NPP (USSR, RBMK-type reactor) are taken into account in VVER NPP, that ensures a possibility for further development of domestic and world nuclear power engineering. High quality of engineering solutions and design documentation of VVER reactor plants is based on application of Russian regulations, rules and standards in the field of nuclear power utilization, IAEA recommendations, European Utilities Requirements and other international recommendations, use of up-to-date methods and means of designing and application of quality assurance system. Competitiveness of VVER at the foreign market is ensured by compliance with the requirements of international standards ISO and Russian regulations in the field of quality assurance both at the stage of designing, manufacturing of equipment and at all the rest stages of NPP life cycle. NPP with VVER is a clean energy source Minimum environmental impact. The VVER reactors are designed to achieve their operational parameters with minimum impact on the environment. ÔÔIntegrity of reactor plant components is assured by the use of proven materials. High-nickel alloys and welding materials are never used in the VVER plant components. ÔÔIntegrity of the reactor vessel is assured by routine practice of manufacture and regular monitoring of metal state. ÔÔIntegrity of the reactor top head penetrations is assured by the use of approved engineering solutions and choice of the base and welding materials proven by a long-term operation. ÔÔIntegrity of steam generator tubes is assured by original structure and the applied materials (horizontal SGs with thick-walled stainless steel tubes). This structure together with the applied materials allows minimizing secondary-side corrosion and preventing primary-side corrosion, it also allows excluding vibration and possible tube damaging by foreign objects, possibility of sludge on tube sheets. This structure allows also preventing fouling (power loss due to fouling) and minimizing personnel dose commitment during inspection and maintenance. ÔÔReactor plant equipment is completed with numerous control devices (duplicated) and automated service systems. VVER is a right choice VVER ensures: ÔÔoptimal fuel consumption; ÔÔlow maintenance costs; ÔÔlow operational costs. VVER is a profitable reactor Competitiveness of NPP with VVER is achieved by means of: ÔÔeconomic characteristics meeting the requirements of utilities in Russia and abroad; ÔÔreactor plant designs of a wide power range MW. NPPs with VVER are characterized by the following features: ÔÔguaranteed service life of irreplaceable equipment not less than 60 years; ÔÔefficient fuel consumption; ÔÔmaximum power output of the plant (gross); ÔÔoperation under load-following mode provided in the design; ÔÔminimum time of reactor basic design development in the scope sufficient for licensing; ÔÔrealized capability for completion of NPP construction in the countries where it has been started but not finalized, using the infrastructure and buildings already existing at sites; ÔÔshort term of commissioning. 6 7

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