Freight mobility in urban area

Transcription

1 Corso di LOGISTICA TERRITORIALE DOCENTE prof. ing. Agostino Nuzzolo prof. ing. Antonio Comi Freight mobility in urban area

2 Freight transport Definitions Production zone (f) Producer Acquisition zone (o) Retail zone (d) Consumption zone (e) Shopping mobility Freight flows (I-O models) General market Distribution centres Warehouse Freight vehicles (modal split and logistic chain models) Freight flows (models at urban/ metropolitan scale) Retail Large-scale retail trade Passenger vehicles (consumers) Residences Freight distribution Freight vehicles Freight flows Service activities 2

3 Freight flows in urban area shopping mobility refers to the trips undertaken by consumers (residents, tourists, city users) to shop; shop restocking mobility refers to the trips undertaken by commercial vehicles to restock the outlet activities (i.e. retailers) where consumers go to buy the products they need; e-purchase delivering mobility refers to the trips undertaken by commercial vehicles for the delivery of on-line purchases. 3

4 Urban freight distribution truck flows (e-purchase delivering) warehouse/courier location end consumer location passenger flows (store shopping) truck flows (shop restocking) passenger flows (store shopping) retailer location goods flow shopping trip flow 4

5 Freight consumption and transformation Final demand of end-consumers (residents, tourists, etc.) ~ 70 % ~ 70 % Transformation products Final demand of transformation activities and services ~ 20 % Area urbana/metropolitana Urban/Metropolitan Area ~ 10 % ~ 10 % Intermediate demand of handmade activities, handicraft, etc.) Waste 5

6 Composition of goods flows in urban and metropolitan areas COST 321 (1998) Bordeaux (1999) Reggio Calabria (2000) Sorrentina Peninsula (2005) Rome (2008) Perishable goods 30% Refrigerated goods 7% 61% 74% 34% 34% Other foodstuffs 6% 56% Beverage 13% 10% Books, newspapers 8% 5% 2% and stationery Household products 10% 44% 12% 39% 9% 26% Building materials 6% 7% 11% Other goods 18% 15% 4% 56% 66% 6

7 Daily consumption per inhabitants City of Cosenza (2005) Consumption index Freight Freight Type Pop. Class (kg/inhabitants) 1 Fresh Foodstuffs Preserved Fresh Foodstuffs Products for personal hygiene, detergents Stationery, Toys Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics Textiles, Clothing, Footwear Watch-making, Jeweler, Crystal Books, Newspapers, Record Flowers Household appliance, Phone, Optician Furniture, Glass, Ceramics Hardware, Metal products Chemical products Accessories for vehicles Fuel Building materials Live animals, accessories TOTAL Source: Guzzo and Mazzula, 2005 Fam. (kg/family) 7

8 E-shopping 8

9 Freight vehicles mobility supply (in-store) and delivery to consumers (on-line) Factors In-store On-line Deliveries to retailers Consumers trips for shop Home delivery Quantity large small a package Load unit crates, boxes, containers paper and/or plastic bags packages Loads homogeneous homogeneous heterogeneous Vehicles camion cars small vans Stops one one or more many Owned vehicles own vehicle or from transport companies own vehicle Intensive use of couriers 9

10 Corso di LOGISTICA TERRITORIALE DOCENTE prof. ing. Agostino Nuzzolo prof. ing. Antonio Comi Shopping Mobility

11 Survey on shopping mobility Objective Analysis of shop behavior Relevant variables: way of shopping type of outlet where purchase is made transport mode Setting up models able to simulate the purchasing choices of users 11

12 Survey on shopping mobility Structure Screening questions on the household: residence, composition of the household and number of cars Screening questions on family components: sex, age, profession, driving license Questions related to trips for shopping (more than 30): N trips Time Places Selling points type Freight type E-commerce 12

13 Survey on shopping mobility Interviews Observation period: the week before; Nov/Dic 2012 Households: 308 Family members: Weekly trips for shopping/purchasing: 851 Total number of purchases made :

14 Survey on shopping mobility Distribution of households by composition and car ownership Household components > 14 years Owned cars Total Absolute value % 1 93% 7% 0% 0% 0% 100% 15 24% 2 48% 51% 1% 0% 0% 100% 69 44% 3 20% 52% 27% 1% 0% 100% % 4 6% 39% 40% 13% 2% 100% 115 6% 5 0% 22% 22% 44% 11% 100% 9 1% Average 24% 44% 25% 6% 1% 100% 308 Absolute value

15 Survey on shopping mobility Distribution by age and employment Distribution by household components with age greater than 14 years Distribution by employment type for household components with age greater than 14 years age group employment status 15

16 Purchase type 69% made at least a purchase: 80% only in store 20% both in store and on line in store and on line; 14% Online purchases one purchase (89%) two purchases (10%) three purchases (1%) no purchase; 31% only in store; 55% Two purchases 10% Three purchases 1% One purchase 89% 16

17 Characterization of weekly purchases weekly purchases Goods type in store on line average clothing 27% 22% 26% electronics 10% 42% 14% foodstuffs 36% 0% 31% hygiene and household products 18% 7% 17% other 10% 29% 12% average 100% 100% 100% 17

18 Number of purchases per person 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 1,03 0,19 Maschio male 1,2 0,11 Femmina female Store Online 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 1,4 1,33 0,85 0,3 0,23 0,19 0,1 0, e più 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 1,53 1,27 1,35 1,36 1,12 0,93 0,69 0,13 0,16 0,23 0,05 0,04 0,18 0,07 DIPENDENTI Employees Self-employed LAV. AUT. STUDENTI Students CASALINGHE Housewives Retired RITIRATI from work IN CERCA Seeking DI ALTRO Other employment OCC. 18

19 Average number of weekly purchases instore per person 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0,05 0 Maschio Femmina 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 Abbigliamento clothing Elettronica electronics Igiene/casa hygiene/household Altro other 0, e più 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 Abbigliamento clothing Elettronica electronics Igiene/casa hygiene/household products Altro other 19

20 Average number of weekly purchases online per person 0,12 0,12 0,10 0,10 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,00 Maschio male Femmina female 0,08 0,06 0,04 0, e più 0,00 Abbigliamento clothing electronics Elettronica hygiene/household Igiene/casa Altro other products 0,12 0,10 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,00 Employees DIPENDENTI Self-employed LAV. AUT. Students STUDENTI Housewives CASALINGA RITIRATI Retired retired IN CERCA Seeking DI ALTRO other Other from work OCC. employment Abbigliamento clothing Elettronica electronics Igiene/casa hygiene/household products Altro other 20

21 Average amount per purchase 140,00 120,00 100,00 80,00 60,00 91,13 130,95 100,35 Store Online 40,00 42,43 20,00 69,10 73,51 45,65 77,30 0,00 Abbigliamento clothing Elettronica electronics hygiene/household Igiene/casa Altro other products The average amount spent online is less than instore 21

22 Online purchase characteristics The most widely used freight sector is that of electronic / computer Most of the purchases are made by the age group years On average, men buy more than women The professional classes that use more e-shopping are selfemployed and students The average amount per purchase online amount to 71.50, versus per person for instore purchase 22

23 Survey on shopping mobility Average number of weekly trips by households and freight type Number of components Foodstuffs Hygiene and household products Cloth Other Average more than Average The number of weekly trips undertaken for foodstuffs is quite constant for households with more than two members, unlike the other classes which vary with respect to the number of household member 23

24 Survey on shopping mobility Distribution of weekly trips by type of freight purchased 24

25 Survey on shopping mobility Number of weekly trips by type of employment and type of freight Job Foodstuffs Hygiene and household products Cloth Other Average occupied housewife other Average The highest number of trips per week is made by housewives who undertake more than one weekly trip for foodstuffs 25

26 Survey on shopping mobility Distribution of weekly trips by activity type at origin and freight type Foodstuffs Hygiene and household products Cloth Other Average Home 75% 72% 64% 55% 68% Work 13% 12% 13% 20% 14% Personal service and leisure 10% 12% 14% 12% 12% Study 1% 3% 9% 13% 6% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Average 36% 19% 27% 18% 26

27 Survey on shopping mobility Distribution of weekly trips by day and shop type 27

28 Survey on shopping mobility Distribution of weekly trips by time of day and freight type 28

29 Survey on shopping mobility Shop choice by freight type 1/3 Foodstuffs Hygiene and household product Cloth Other Average Small 20% 26% 51% 49% 35% Medium 68% 46% 1% 1% 34% Large 12% 28% 48% 50% 31% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Age Small retail outlet Medium retail outlet Large retail outlet Total under 29 years 43% 14% 43% 100% years old 32% 40% 28% 100% over 65 years 36% 49% 15% 100% Average 35% 34% 31% 100% 29

30 Survey on shopping mobility Shop choice by activity and purpose 2/3 Job Small retail outlet Medium retail outlet Large retail outlet Total employee 33% 35% 32% 100% housewife 36% 47% 18% 100% other (e.g. retired) 39% 25% 36% 100% Total 35% 34% 31% 100% Small retail outlet Medium retail outlet Large retail outlet Total low traffic and parking availability 0% 2% 5% 2% price 19% 29% 30% 26% service and quality 43% 14% 30% 29% proximity 23% 46% 20% 30% other 16% 10% 14% 13% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 30

31 Survey on shopping mobility Shop choice by travel time 3/4 Small retail outlet Medium retail outlet Large retail outlet Total less than 10 minutes 32% 57% 18% 36% minutes 35% 29% 34% 33% minutes 29% 12% 45% 28% more than 60 minutes 4% 2% 3% 3% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Small retail Medium retail Large retail outlet outlet outlet Total alone 49% 61% 34% 48% 1 35% 31% 40% 35% 2 10% 7% 16% 11% 3 4% 1% 6% 3% more than 4 2% 0% 4% 2% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 31

32 Survey on shopping mobility Transport mode choice by shop type and age Private vehicle (e.g. car) Transit On foot Total Small retail outlet 66% 11% 23% 100% Medium retail outlet 68% 4% 28% 100% Large retail outlet 91% 5% 4% 100% Average 74% 7% 19% 100% under 29 years years over 64 years Average Private vehicle (e.g. car) 67% 78% 71% 74% Transit 14% 4% 2% 7% On foot 19% 18% 27% 19% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 32

33 Survey on shopping mobility Sintesi 1/2 Employment Freight type Shop type Transport mode 33

34 Survey on shopping mobility Summary 2/2 34