Sustainable Urban ITS Applications, Challenges Dr.-Ing. Philip Krueger

Transcription

1 Sustainable Urban ITS Applications, Challenges Dr.-Ing. Philip Krueger SEGUNDO FORO MÉXICO-ALEMANIA DIÁLOGOS POR UN FUTURO SUSTENTABLE: MOVILIDAD INTELIGENTE BMVBS (2012) 1

2 Introduction Related Research Projects at TU Darmstadt (1) International and national guidelines for telematics and ITS architectures in road traffic Reports of the German Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), Vol. F79 (2011) Source: (2) Report on existing and planned ITS in Germany* Basis of German ITS Initial Report (BMVBS 2011), Referred to: 17(1), Directive 2010/40/EU Source: (3) Identification and analysis of measures for the German National ITS Action Plan* Basis of the German ITS Action Plan (BMVBS 2012) * cooperation with TU Munich: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Fritz Busch Source: 2

3 Introduction Background Facts Global trends Globalisation Digitalisation Urbanisation Climate change Global challenges Economic disparity Peak oil Traffic collapse Water crisis Management of urban transport is an essential challenge today and in future 3

4 ITS Applications Basic Principle of ITS Source: BASt (2012) 4

5 ITS Applications Typical Functional Areas acc. ISO (1) Functional area Traveller information Traffic management and operations Vehicle services Freight transport Public transport Description Provision of both static and dynamic information about the transport network to users, including modal options and transfers. The management of the movement of vehicles, travellers and pedestrians throughout the road transport network. Enhancement of safety, security and efficiency in vehicle operations, by warnings and assistances to users or control vehicle operations. The management of commercial vehicle operations, freight and fleet management, and activities that expedite the authorization process for cargo at national and jurisdictional boundaries and expedite cross-modal transfers for authorized cargo. Operation of public transport services and the provision of operational information to the operator and user, including multi-modal aspects. 5

6 ITS Applications Typical Functional Areas acc. ISO (2) Functional area Emergency Transport-related electronic payment Road transport-related personal safety Weather and environmental conditions monitoring Disaster response management and coordination National security Description Services delivered in response to incidents that are categorized as emergencies. Transactions and reservations for transport-related services. Protection of transport users including pedestrians and vulnerable users. Activities that monitor and notify weather and environmental conditions. Road transport-based activities in response to natural disasters, civil disturbances or terror attacks. Activities that directly protect or mitigate physical or operational harm to persons and facilities due to natural disasters, civil disturbances or terror attacks. 6

7 ITS Applications Sustainable Urban ITS Urban Signal Control C2X Applications Environment Responsive Services Parking Management Public Transport Management Door2door Services CarSharing, BikeSharing E-Mobility Services Intermodal Information Freight and Fleet Operations Law Enforcement Integrated Payment, Quality Management, Integrated Strategies for Public and Private ITS, 7

8 Best Practice Floating Car Data (FCD) Source: O. Kannenberg: TomTom Traffic Products & Services. Präsentation. MDM-Nutzerkonferenz, Berlin, November

9 Best Practice Stuttgart Services: Intermodal ITS (1) Source: J. Meier-Berberich, M. Raupp. Stuttgart Services, Intelligent vernetzte, nachhaltige und einfache Elektromobilität um urbane Angebote für die Region Stuttgart zu ergänzen. In: Internationales Verkehrswesen,

10 Quelle: Best Practice Multimodal Journey Planners 10

11 Best Practice Mobilitätsdatenmarktplatz Source: 11

12 sfpark.org Best Practice Smart Parking Electromagnetic field sensors detect whether parking spaces are available and send the information to the internet via repeaters placed in streetlights Quelle: ITS International Sep./Oct. 2013, 12

13 Best Practice CVRIA Source: Connected Eco Driving Dynamic Eco Routing Eco-Traffic Signal Timing Queue Warning Freight Signal Priority Intelligent Traffic Signal System Emergency Electronic Brake Light Forward Collsion Warning Intersection Movement Assist Emergency Vehicle Alert plus more than 70 Source: 13 Source: Robert Bosch GmbH (2014) Boltze 2012

14 Best Practice Integration of New Services Ride sharing platforms blur the boundary between public transport and individual transport (e. g. Uber, Lyft) Free floating carsharing (e. g. Car2go, DriveNow) Services predict your behavior, e. g. when you will leave a parking space (see ParkTAG) Sources given below the pictures

15 Best Practice Urban ITS Expert Group Task: Assist the Commission in the preparation of legislation or in policy definition Composition: Development, economy, industry, engineering (civil), academia, engineering (IT), public relations, research, engineering (infrastructure), science Members: 25, Type: Informal, temporary, Status: On hold (as of March 15) Identified key areas: Source: ec.europa.eu Smart ticketing, multimodal information, traffic management and urban logistics Paper on best practices in Urban ITS: nearly 70 projects documented Available at: 15

16 Best Practice Legal Issues Privacy, Security??? Integration Organisation 16

17 Challenges and Conclusion (1) Application of technology is necessary for using infrastructure and transport means efficiently The use of ITS has to serve specific transport related goals Integrated traffic management concepts are required which also include strategic measures and new concepts like e-mobility Public transport is the backbone of urban mobility in dense areas. Therefore Intermodal ITS need to be promoted as well as door2door services Fusion of different data from different actors in real time is key issue for coping with complex traffic situations 17

18 Challenges and Conclusion (2) Smart is not necessarily sustainable suitable traffic management strategies are required as well as strong commitment of public authorities Crucial issues have to be considered carefully, e. g. privacy, financing, equipment rates as well as the cooperation of all stakeholders Strategies for migration towards full automated systems are required ITS architecture needs to be promoted to achieve integrated ITS ITS and data are major element of sustainable urban Transport. Integrated traffic management concepts are required as well as strong commitment of public authorities. 18

19 Sustainable Urban ITS Applications, Challenges Dr.-Ing. Philip Krueger SEGUNDO FORO MÉXICO-ALEMANIA DIÁLOGOS POR UN FUTURO SUSTENTABLE: MOVILIDAD INTELIGENTE BMVBS (2012) 19

20 Annex Trends in ITS Best Practice Role of ITS architecture BMVBS (2012) 20

21 Annex: Lots of Initiatives Application of technology is necessary to use infrastructure and transport means flexible as well as for coping with the increasing complexity of traffic management In Europe as well as in Germany ITS is considered as a key factor for a safe and sustainable transport system. Promotion of the development of ITS by the European Union and the German Federal Government: e. g. ITS guideline 2010/40/EU, EU Action Plan COM(2008) 886, German ITS Action Plan ITS are expected to contribute significantly in coping with increasing traffic volumes The ITS market is characterized by a rapid and dynamic evolution. Also for the future this trend will not be changed 21

22 Annex: Use of ITS has to serve the fulfillment of specific goals Typical traffic related goals refer to: Accidents, pollution, noise, capacity, traffic flow, congestion, more efficient use of capacity, 30% of urban traffic is drivers looking for parking, System engineering process Based on the requirements of users and stakeholders suitable functions and systems should be developed System Engineering Process Quelle: Jesty, P.; Bossom, R.;

23 Source: Annex: Trends in ITS Internet of Things 23

24 Source: Annex: Trends in ITS Individualisation of ITS 24

25 Source: Annex: Trends in ITS New World? 25

26 Annex: Trends in ITS (1) Increasing demand for ITS: Growing traffic volumes require a flexible use of traffic infrastructure, traffic routes become increasingly difficult to expand and augment Data are the oil of the 21st century Requirements for new services, e.g. due to urbanisation, increasing spatial disparity, aging society New aims for services: e. g. influencing the transport demand and modal choice behaviour 26

27 Annex: Trends in ITS (2) Fast technological progress. ITS are enhanced very quickly, increasing dissemination of ITS (e. g. Smartphones) More data available and new technologies: (e. g. Open Government Data Initiative of European Commission), Big Data, Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Social Media Vision is a smart transport network New technologies permit merging and processing of heterogenous data in real time New technologies support/replace existing ones: e.g. real time traffic information are produced for lower costs and with higher quality by using FCD then by using loop detectors Trend towards individualisation of ITS services New actors in the market. Cooperation between privat actors and public authorities is of increasing importance 27

28 Annex: Trends in ITS (3) Intermodal services are of increasing demand. The requirements for traffic management become more complex Increasing demand for individualized traffic management as well as the integration with collective traffic management Door2Door services as well as indoor navigation are of increasing demand. The integration of ITS services from different providers in real time is required (Multiprovider mobility management) Young people want to use transport means rather than owning them Cooperative applications become used regularly in practice Autonomous applications need time for a regular implementation: modification of liability law, license regulation necessary 28

29 Source: J. Meier-Berberich, M. Raupp. Stuttgart Services, Intelligent vernetzte, nachhaltige und einfache Elektromobilität um urbane Angebote für die Region Stuttgart zu ergänzen. In: Internationales Verkehrswesen, Annex: Best Practice Stuttgart Services: Intermodal ITS (2) 29

30 Annex: Best Practice Further Projects Source: trafficiq.momatec.de Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: Source: 30

31 Annex: Best Practice Research Door2Door Services Source: DB AG: DIMIS (2013) 31

32 Annex: Best Practice Research New Navigation Algorithms A B.1 B.2 C Source: 32

33 Annex: Best Practice Research Influencing Time Choice Source: Source: Telematics Projekt GmbH (o. J.) 33

34 Annex: Best Practice Research User Generated Data, e. g. Social Media Quelle: Gal-Tzur et al. (2014). In: Transport Policy 32 (2014)

35 Annex: Other Issues Budgetary deficits of public authorities Long investment cycles Federal structures (too) little pressure to succed for public authorities Market economy related goals Equipment rate Acceptance Migration strategies Liability law, licence regulation 35

36 Annex: Role of ITS Architecture Background in Germany Lack of strategic guidelines for the implementation of ITS Missing awareness for the benefits of a common ITS architecture Missing willingness for the application of strategic guidelines Lack of Interoperability Huge number of islands of technology. Also throughout Europe (Kallas 2011, Eurotransport 2013) Many countries have established National ITS architectures since a long time: e. g. US-NITSA: 1996, European ITS Framework Architecture: 2000 The efficent planning an operating of transport infrastructure is crucial in times of globalisation and intensified competition between countries and regions For planning and operating integrated ITS particularly National ITS architectures provide essential benefits 36

37 Annex: Role of ITS Architecture Benefits of National ITS Architectures... Planning of Systems: Uniform planning procedure Promotion of interoperability Specific quality Reduced complexity Indication of improvement potentials Identification of standardisation areas Enhancement of ITS services Improvement of communication between stakeholders Economic Benefits: Money - and time savings Development of a transparent market for software and hardware Reduction of development costs Reduction of Implementation costs Reduction of costs for operation and maintenance Reduction of prices for ITS Transparent basis for the promotion of PPP...for Different Stakeholders According to Busch et al. 2007a, Halbritter et al. 2008, FRAME 2000, PIARC 2004, U.S. Dot 2007, SINTEF 2009, Törönen 2003, Vägverket Includung own additions 37