Airport Noise Pricing. Michael Jaecker-Cueppers Noise Working Party of the German Acoustical Society (Arbeitsring Lärm der DEGA ALD)

Transcription

1 Airport Noise Pricing Michael Jaecker-Cueppers Noise Working Party of the German Acoustical Society (Arbeitsring Lärm der DEGA ALD) 1

2 Contents Presentation of ALD European principles and strategies for transport pricing External noise costs Methodology Noise factors Specific external noise costs Instruments for internalisation of external noise costs Noise-related airport charges Charges in FRAPORT Conclusion 2

3 Presentation of ALD ALD: Working Party of DEGA since May 2009 German Environment Ministry (BMU) sponsors ALD Currently about 280 members Targets and tasks: Information and consultation of the public on all noise issues Contributions to the noise policy in order to improve noise protection in Germany and Europe ALD the only German NGO covering all sources of noise on a federal level 3

4 European principles and strategies for pricing 1 Commission White Paper on Transport (2011): Long-term goal: user charges to all vehicles and on the whole network to reflect at least the maintenance cost of infrastructure, congestion, air and noise pollution in order to to establish a level playing field between modes which are in direct competition encourage the use of modes of lesser environmental impact Treaty on the functioning of the European Union (2008) Environment, Article 191: Union policy on the environment shall aim at a high level of protection.. It shall be based on the precautionary principle and on the principles that preventive action should be taken, that environmental damage should as a priority be rectified at source and that the polluter should pay. 4

5 European principles and strategies for pricing 2 Commission White Paper on Transport (2011): Till 2020.full and mandatory internalisation of external costs (including noise, local pollution and congestion on top (!) of the mandatory recovery of wear and tear costs) for road and rail transport. Internalise costs for local pollution and noise in ports and airports.. 5

6 External noise costs: methodology Determination of noise exposure data: END strategic noise maps (i.e. major airports, no complete data set) At local, regional, national, European level Dose-cost-relationship or noise cost factors; monetization of: Annoyance (surveys on willingness-to-pay etc) Depreciation of real estate values (hedonic prices) Health effects (medical costs, costs of increased mortality etc) Hypertension Myocardial infarction Loss in productivity Important: threshold levels for the effects Specific external costs: needed for infrastructure charges: noise costs per vehicle-km or per landing/take-off of aircrafts (problem of allocation of the costs for vehicles/aircrafts with different sound emissions) 6

7 Noise cost factors (Germany) per person and year: CE DElft 2008 threshold of health risks L den in db(a) Source: CE Delft et al (2011) External Costs of Transport in Europe 7

8 Noise cost factors for Germany per person and year: Becker 2008 L den in db(a) Source: CE Delft (2011) ; Becker et al (2012): Transportation Noise in Berlin - who bears the costs? 8

9 Instruments for internalisation of external noise costs Noise emission limits ICAO (currently new limits are developed) Noise-related operating restrictions (Draft regulation repealing Directive 2002/30/EC) Noise-related airport charges Noise-related taxes 9

10 Noise-related airport charges European legislation: Directive 2009/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on airport charges: Airport charges should be non-discriminatory modulation of airport charges for issues of public and general interest, including environmental issues is allowed The criteria used for such a modulation shall be relevant, objective and transparent Aim: agreement between the airport managing body and the airport users German legislation (implementation of 2009/12/EC): In the airport charging schemes a differentiation of charges according to noise aspects has to be made 10

11 Noise-related charging scheme in FRAPORT noise categories between 78,5 and 93,6 db(a) (each category is 1,5 db(a) wide) Measured take-off noise levels Time differentiation with surplus charges and (Cat 12: ,00 ) An 124 DC 9 Noise charges during 24 hrs per landing and per take-off in (ICAO Annex 16/3 and 4) 11

12 Conclusion Internalisation of external (noise) costs an important instrument for sustainable mobility Noise cost curves need further investigation (grown evidence of health effects with relatively low threshold levels) Airport noise charges could be an efficient instrument for internalisation On top of other charges (no bonus-malus-schemes) Differentiated according to emissions (example FRAPORT) Differentiation according to time (at least day/night) Mandatory internalisation for all modes of transport (currently only voluntary noise-related infrastructure charges for aircrafts, lorries and trains) 12

13 Thank you for your attention Aviation Noise Conference 19 June 2012, Berlin Presentations (in German) : 13