Introduction. 1.City Logistics and its approach in chosen cities in the world

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1 ANALYSIS OF CITY LOGISTICS OF FOREIGN PLACES AND EXAMPLES WITH A SOLUTION Miroslav Fazekaš 1, Marián Šulgan 2 Introduction The target of some European cities is to create an effective working traffic system which may lead to eliminating of negative aspects of its supplies. City logistics is a new science which deals with the issue in order to cut down number of vehicles which daily enter and leave city, increases service and capacity utilization and never the less positively effect on living environment. 1.City Logistics and its approach in chosen cities in the world London Two years of negotiations between two biggest traffic companies in urban area of London brought a conclusion in form of paying fines in regions afflicted by congestion. This fee is 5 a day and is the same for private cars and goods lorry. This accomplishment arose out of compromise among two different suggestions from the companies of passenger and lorry transport. Freight transport company expressed disagreement for paying fines due to infeasibility of implementation other way of transportation in the regions. However the right opposite was expecting the road company, which encouraged two or three times higher payments for lorries in comparison with private cars. [3] Padua Interesting attitude towards City logistics has Padua, city in Italy. Spokesmen of Padua together with transport companies and support on behalf of board of trade contributed for creating Cityporto, the distribution centre. Cityporto is located in the province of Padua and its area is about 1,000 m 2. For transportation are used green vehicles using natural gas as a fuel. The fact that green vehicles, assigned for urban public transport, are able to use the driving lanes is considered as a big advantage. [3] 1 Ing. Miroslav Fazekaš, Katedra cestnej a mestskej dopravy, Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, Univerzitná 1, Žilina, Slovakia, miroslav.fazekas@fpedas.uniza.sk 2 prof. Ing. Marián Šulgan, PhD., Katedra cestnej a mestskej dopravy, Žilinská Univerzita v Žiline, Univerzitná 8215/1, Žilina; marian.sulgan@fpedas.uniza.sk 76

2 Copenhagen Since 1998, town-council Copenhagen has forbidden a carriageway through the urban centre area for vehicles with a weight more than 18 tons. New team founded by officers of transport companies and retails had set as their target in creation of suitable solution which would be able to supply the urban centre area optimally. In the city centre were created supply zones which are available only before the noon. The goods vehicles cannot be older than 8 years due to smaller pollution of environment and moreover prevention of inhabitants against excessive noise. [3] Japan Matomachi is a name of a project originated in Japan and is situated in a rural consolidated centre. The consolidation centre is only 300 m far from the city centre where many shops are located. 85 per cent of all supplies go through the consolidation centre. All transport companies which uses this rural consolidation centre have to pay the fee 1.25 per each supply. It had been 7 years till Matomachi was able to offer its services effectively and of high quality in respect of the environment. [3] 1.City logistics method applied in other European cities and its solution A) Denmark, Aalborg - Street space for vehicle loading and unloading Space created for loading and unloading in the narrow pedestrian areas: a) before creation of the space, an unloading a vehicle was blocking other vehicles, b) each of those spaces is able to hold some of the vehicles and so simplify passage for other vehicles, c) this would reduce congestion, which originated in early hours, reserved for loading and unloading, d) managers had agreed upon, that they would begin with placing all posters, eyecatchers and awnings after 11 o clock. [2] B) France, Bordeaux Local delivery district Local delivery circuit ELP (Espace de livraison de proximité) in Bordeaux is intended to facilitate the delivery of goods to the city center and to reduce congestion, reduce noise and pollution associated with the supplies. ELP works on the principle of cooperation carriers Chamber of Commerce and city authorities Bordeaux. The Parties superintend and co-finance the ELP system. The ELP system has got more popular among carrying-agents according to 77

3 its results. The ELP system ensures available and safe place for loading which is furthermore close to the commercial zone and city centre. [1] Basic information: a) in 2003 was the system of "local delivery district" (Espace de livraison de proximité - ELP) established, b) city transit shed and dedicated staff help with sending consignments to the so called last mile places (or inner city ), c) the goods are unloaded from incoming vehicles and the final distribution treat cars, push-carts, electromobiles and bicycles, d) the system is intended to facilitate the delivery of goods to the city center and to reduce congestion, reduce noise and pollution associated with the supplies, e) the system works in collaboration of carrying-agents, Chamber of Commerce and the city authorities of Bordeaux who also finance the system, however participating retail does not finance the ELP system, f) those street spaces, which are reserved for loading and unloading of goods, are assigned to the stores located nearby, g) the space is controlled only by two staff members who can help drivers with the delivery of goods to shops by vehicles, h) the space, which is about 30m wide, may hold 3-5 delivery vehicles at the same time, i) ELP operates from Monday to Friday 9:00 to 17:00 and on Saturdays since 9 to 11 h. [1] C) Ireland, Dublin - Night supplies In the center of Dublin was introduced night supply scheme to disburden the freight traffic nearby the city center during the day. This program involves the cooperation of Dublin city office, downtown merchants association, distribution and retail chains and real estate owners. [2] Due to the fact that supplies are carried out at nights, vehicles can avoid and furthermore not contribute to daily traffic congestions. This results in clear benefits: shorter driving times of vehicles, possibility of using larger vehicles that could replace several smaller vehicles, 78

4 decrease in emissions and fuel consumption, fewerdrive ways, The introduction of night supply, however, brings some negatives: noise it is required to ensure a quiet operation of vehicles, auxiliary equipment, and personnel. Linked to this is necessary to adjust vehicles and handling equipment, quiet engines, special tires made of softer rubber, dampening carpets in backs of cars, quiet hydraulic unloading equipment and quiet work of people, money issue - night works carries an increased salary costs for staff, a problem with the acceptance of goods - must be find a way to retrieve goods and employ workers at night. D) Monaco, Monte Carlo - Urban distribution center (UDC) UDC has been used since However until the year 2000 was the UDC owned and operated by the government, when the government in 2000 closed a contract with a local company Monaco Logistique about the operation. The contract gave the company Monaco Logistics a monopolistic position for supplies of Monte Carlo, because vehicles over 8 tones (in future it suppose to be over 3.5 tons) are not permitted entry to the Monte Carlo. If carrying - agents with vehicles over 8 t want to bring the goods to the Monte Carlo, at first they must unload the goods at UDC and for the last mile use the transportation system provided by Monaco Logistics from UDC to the customer. [2] Targets achieved by introducing urban distribution center: decrease in the number of trucks in a defined area (in a downtown), decrease in the total mileage, decrease in the total number of truck drives, decrease in congestion, decrease in the production of emissions, decrease in the production of noise, improvement of the visual appearance of the area due to a decrease in number of less supply vehicles, increase in reliability of supply, increase in offer value-added services for end customer, increase in service levels, improvement in the overall optimization of the logistics chain. 79

5 E) Germany, Berlin - An integrated transport strategy for goods In Berlin was invented and applied a concept which is divided into two levels of consolidation. The first level represents a logistics centre on the suburb of Berlin (in German language GVZ) for the long - distance transportation. The second level of distribution is provided by urban distribution centers near the center of Berlin (in German language GVS) for transport around the city. Logistic centers are owned by Land Brandenburg and the urban distribution centers are funded by public and private sector. The city of Berlin is not participating in the financing of the MDC operation. [2] F) Barcelona, Spain - Combined utilization of traffic lanes - "Space Management" The center of Barcelona is 47,000 buildings, which are supplied from the street. Creation of lanes for combined utilization: night parking for residents, morning supply, daytime rideable traffic lane. Restricted space on crossroads, reduction in travel time and fewer incorrect parking. FIG.1. Definition of parking area, supply point and driving lane [Source: Internet] Conclusion Traffic problems are not only characteristic for the world's great metropolises, but also small towns often have to face them. Solutions, however, remain in the position of "status quo". Municipal authorities rely on the logistic service providers` initiative of potential solutions, but on the other hand logistic service providers expect a bit of enthusiasm for solving this issue from the municipality`s side. However this approach is very short-sighted what usually has harmful consequences. The main concern is reduction of scale of the traffic 80

6 and decrease in burden on the urban environment, and all of this while improving the efficiency of logistics chains. The introduction of the City Logistics method is successfully applied mainly in urban areas of the Western Europe. This study / publication was developed with the support of the Operational Programme - Research and Development for the project: Centre of excellence for systems and services of intelligent transport II., ITMS funded from the European Regional Development Fund. "We support research activities in Slovakia / Project is co-financed by the EU" References [1] VIDRIKOVÁ, D. City logistika a jej význam pri prevencii krízových situácií v meste. [online]. 2010, no. 2. Žilinská univerzita v Žiline. Fakulta špeciálneho inžinierstva. ISSN Dostupné na internete: < [2] Svitek, M. - Stárek, T. Tvrzský, T. Manda, P. Ďuriš, M. Metodika City logistiky. projekt č.cg Praha [3] Referee: doc. Ing. Jarmila Sosedová, PhD., University of Žilina Enter to publishing: 10 th October