Measuring economic impact of inland ports in the Netherlands: two methods compared

Transcription

1 Measuring economic impact of inland ports in the Netherlands: two methods compared Martijn van der Horst Bart Kuipers Annual conference of the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), August 2016, Hamburg 2016

2 Content Why is measuring economic impact a relevant issue? How can the economic impact be measured? What is the economic impact of Dutch inland ports? What are issues for future research?

3 Less academic research for measuring performance inland ports Location in the hinterland of a deep-sea ports, with waterway access IWT as main transport option Deep sea transport may also be performed (e.g ports of Zaandam, Moerdijk or Delfzijl in the Netherlands) More scientific attention for sea ports compared to inland ports (e.g. Tongzon, 2005, De Langen, Nijdam, Van der Horst, 2007;) Growing and large dependency and interaction between seaports and inland ports help improving hinterland accessibility function as nodal points for regional economies

4 Increasing attention for inland ports from policy perspective IWT and Inland Ports are seen as tool for industrial, economic, and sustainable development (INE, 2014) From early 2000s: local national subsidies for inland ports Increasing (future) IWT transport, especially containers, and increasing number of terminals

5 Large inland waterway network; plays with important role in goods transport Source: CBS (2016) 14 September Source: TNO(2003)

6 Growing importance of IWT Modal split transport volume [tonkilometers], Source: Port of Rotterdam, September Source: KIM, 2014 road IWT rail pipeline

7 From 2004, experience with measuring economic impact with 2 methods 2004 Blue Ports by TNO, commissioned by Dutch Assocation of Inland ports (NVB) 2012 and 2016 BP (Blue Ports)method 2014 Seaport monitor-method by EUR Wish from Ministry to align Seaport, Maritime and Logistics Monitor Proven method, experience since 1996 Use of same data Agreement on definitions

8 Blue Ports method Seaport monitor method Number of ports 393 (Researcher/client select ports) 77 (Researcher/client select ports) Indicators Direct employment Direct and indirect value added Functional boundaries Companies included that (1) make use of Inland Waterway Transport and (2) (un)load installation Geographical Depends on company selection boundaries municipalities Approach Bottom-up Top-down Data delivery Municipalities provide list with companies, and Direct Employment figures Calculation Direct Value Added by using national sectoral added value Indirect Employment and Indirect Value Added by using multiplier Estimationbased categorization Result Employment and Value Added = Estimation based on sample of 20 of ports (2016) Direct and indirect employment Direct and indirect value added SBI 08 code list. Two functions 1. port as transport node 2. port as location for industry and trade Postal code 6-digit on inland port and (wet) industrial site Researcher provides list with companies Municipality verify list Researcher provides Direct Employment figures based on national databases Direct Value Added by using national sectoral added value Indirect Employment and Indirect Value Added by using multiplier Employment and Value Added = 77 inland ports (2015)

9 Blue Ports method Seaport monitor method Number of ports Indicators Direct employment Direct and indirect value added Functional boundaries Companies included that (1) make use of Inland Waterway Transport and (2) (un)load installation Geographical Depends on company selection boundaries municipalities Approach Bottom-up Top-down Data delivery Municipalities provide list with companies, and Direct Employment figures Calculation Direct Value Added by using national sectoral added value Indirect Employment and Indirect Value Added by using multiplier Estimationbased categorization Result Employment and Value Added = Estimation based on sample of 20 of ports (2016) Direct and indirect employment Direct and indirect value added SBI 08 code list. Two functions 1. port as transport node 2. port as location for industry and trade Postal code 6-digit on inland port and (wet) industrial site Researcher provides list with companies Municipality verify list Researcher provides Direct Employment figures based on national databases Direct Value Added by using national sectoral added value Indirect Employment and Indirect Value Added by using multiplier Employment and Value Added = 77 inland ports (2015)

10 Blue Ports method Seaport monitor method Number of ports 393 (Researcher/client select ports) 77 Indicators Direct employment Direct and indirect value added Functional boundaries Companies included that (1) make use of Inland Waterway Transport and (2) (un)load installation Geographical Depends on company selection boundaries municipalities Approach Bottom-up Top-down Data delivery Municipalities provide list with companies, and Direct Employment figures Calculation Direct Value Added by using national sectoral added value Indirect Employment and Indirect Value Added by using multiplier Estimationbased categorization Result Employment and Value Added = Estimation based on sample of 20 of ports (2016) Direct and indirect employment Direct and indirect value added SBI 08 code list. Two functions 1. port as transport node 2. port as location for industry and trade Postal code 6-digit on inland port and (wet) industrial site Researcher provides list with companies Municipality verify list Researcher provides Direct Employment figures based on national databases Direct Value Added by using national sectoral added value Indirect Employment and Indirect Value Added by using multiplier Employment and Value Added = 77 inland ports (2015)

11 BP-method makes an estimation for all 393 ports based on a typology 300: small sand/gravel ports 93 ports: Typology Multifunctional port Inland mainport Industry port Large Sand-/Gravel port Agro port Container port [Typology based on type of companies, cargo throughput, and expert opinions]

12 Based on 20 representative inland ports: Value Added of 8 mln and jobs Direct Direct VA Direct and Total employment ( mln) indirect VA NL Used for 2015 Inland mainport Drechtsteden Large multifunctional Nijmegen, Oss, Utrecht Multifunctional industry Delfzijl, Hengelo, Bergen op Zoom Veghel, Wageningen, Zaandam, Multifunctional agro Meppel Multifunctional container Born, Venlo Multifunct./ sand/gravel Drachten Industry port Stein Agro port Sas van Gent, Deventer Container port Tilburg, Alpen aan den Rijn Large sand/gravel Cuijk subtotal Small sand/gravel Assumption: direct employment :10 Seaports Only IWT related activities Totaal Source: EUR (2016) based on BP-method

13 BP-method: narrow definition and important role for municipalities Companies included that (1) make use of Inland Waterway Transport or (2) have (un)load installation and quay Geographical scope: depends on choice of companies by municipality Data on direct employment delivered by Municipalities (bottom-up)

14 Seaport monitor method: 77 ports, broad definition, with important role researcher Geographical: Quay and (wet) industrial site; activities not necessarily dependent on IWT Functional Transport node: IWT, trucking, sea transport and transport related services Location: Industry and Services Researcher collects employment data (CoC), municipalities check it (topdown); response rate: 25%

15 Direct VA of inland port 1,9 mln; inland ports also important location for industry 2013 The Netherlands (total) Employment Value added [ mln] Transport Road Transport Inland and Maritime Shipping Transport Service Industry Food Industry Metal Industry Chemical Industry Concrete Industry Other Industries Maintenance /repair transport means Service Producer Services Wholesale Total Source: EUR (2014) based on SM-method with Orbis/LISA data # jobs

16 Direct; inland ports also important location for industry 2013 Direct Indirect Employment Value added Value added Employment [ mln] [ mln] Transport Road Transport Inland and Maritime Shipping Transport Service Industry Food Industry Metal Industry Chemical Industry Concrete Industry Other Industries Maintenance /repair transport means Service Producer Services Wholesale Total Source: EUR (2014) based on SM-method with Orbis/LISA data

17 Conclusions & implications Growing interest inland port development Experiences from The Netherlands could be relevant Different methods, different outcomes BP-method: + based on real employment data and inland-port based relation is proven - Estimation based on small sample PM + uniform assessment economic impact (incl. selection of activities) - No clear geographical scope Reliability of date source quality Role of municipalities vs researcher Role of users of data/clients and their wish for uniform methods for assessments versus different spatial-economic phenomena

18 Measuring economic impact of inland ports in the Netherlands: two methods compared Martijn van der Horst Bart Kuipers Annual conference of the International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), August 2016, Hamburg 2016