FRENCH NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM ON URBAN FREIGHT : A TOOL

Transcription

1 FRENCH NATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM ON URBAN FREIGHT : A TOOL TO LEARN & TO UNDERSTAND, TO BUILT UP METHODOLOGIES FOR DECISION MAKERS AND TO HELP TO CARRY OUT APPLICATION AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 1

2 URBAN FREIGHT DELIVERY RESEARCH PROGRAM TRANSPORTS LAUNCHED IN 1993 BY : ADEME ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE DE FRANCE JOINED AFTERWARD BY : GART AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 2

3 MAIN OBJECTIVES TO ALLOWS LOCAL AUTHORITES TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT LOGISTICS AND DELIVERIES IN THE GLOBAL URBAN MANAGEMENT AND TRAFFIC BUILDING OF A DATA BASE USED AS A REFERENCE FOR PUBLICS & PRIVATES STAKEHOLDERS THINKINGS AND EXCHANGES ON THE QUESTION OF URBAN LOGISTICS & DELIVERIES METHODOLOGIES & FUNDING FOR INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENTATIONS AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 3

4 WHY DEVELOP A RESEARCH PROGRAM ON URBAN FREIGHT? AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 4

5 ENVIRONMENTAL BALANCE OF OF TRANSPORT OVERCOME BY BY URBAN SHARE CO (Kt) FRANCE 1997 NOx (Kt) Urbain PARTICULATES (Kt) Urbain CO 2 (Mt) Urbain Urbain Voitures particulières Transports collectifs Source DAEI/SESADEME/ impact COPERT 1998 Fret fer et transport combiné TGV 2 roues à moteur Véhicules utilitaires Voie d'eau AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 5

6 INDICATIVE BREAKDOWN OF OF URBAN TRANSPORTS ENERGY CONSUMPTION ACCORDING TO TO THE THE USE USE OF OF THE THE VEHICLE 7% 1% 10% 1% 53% 18% % 7% AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 6

7 URBAN TRANSPORTS POLLUTION : : WHAT RESPONSABILITES FOR WHAT USE? 1997 CO NMVOC NOx Particulates 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source DAEI/SESADEME/ impact COPERT 1998 AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 7

8 TRANSPORTS OF URBAN WASTE : MORE THAN MILLIONS TONS /YEAR Source ADEME BUILDING 2,3 HOUSING RESTORATION 11,4 DEMOLITION 10,2 22,5 WASTE FROM LOCAL AUTHORITIES 29,5 HOUSEHOLD WASTE 1993 AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 8

9 #! "! ENERGY EFFICIENCIES URBAN DELIVERY FOR FOR SEVERAL USUAL LOADING CASES 10t CU 19 t 18 6t CU 12 t ,5t CU 3,5 t kg 30kg kg kg Source Ademe / IMPACT goe/t*km AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 9

10 FREIGHT VEHICLES : EMISSIONS IN IN URBAN TRAFFIC efpolu 2 roues 1kg < 50 cc 2 roues 5kg > 50 cc 100kg P.V.U. < 3,5 t diesel 100kg Dsl Ess P.V.U. < 3,5 t essence Poids lourds 0,5t 3,5 à 7,5t Poids lourds CU 7,5 12 t à 16t 6t CU 3,5 t particulates VOC NOx CO Poids CU lourds 19 t > 16t 10t Source ADEME/IMPACT g/km 1997 vehicle stock; speed 30 km/h AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 10

11 #! "! PUBLIC SPACE CONSUMPTION FOR URBAN DELIVERY FOR FOR SEVERAL USUAL LOADING CASES 10t CU 19 t 31 6t 0,5t CU 12 t 31, ,5 t 10 km trip CU 3,5 t 100kg 30kg kg kg Source Ademe / IMPACT 1997 m2*h/delivered ton AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 11

12 EFFECTS OF URBAN SPRAWL: HOUSEHOL SUPPLY EXAMPLE FOR FOR A WEEK WEEK SCENARIO 1 : SUBURB HYPERMARKET 10 km 1 time 30 kg SCENARIO 2 : VICINITY SUPERMARKET 10 km 500 m SUPER PLUS! 5 times 6 kg SCENARIO 3 : SCENARIO 2 WITH AT HOME DELIVERY Source Ademe 1997 By LDV ROUNDTRIP 8 customers 30 kg/customer AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 12

13 FOR FOR HOUSEHOLDS HOUSEHOLDS AN APPALLING EFFECT ON ENERGY / / EMISSIONS BALANCE SCENARIO 1 : SUBURB HYPERMARKET CO² Pollutants Noise marchvil 251 koe 773 kg m².h 29 kg 200 cars SCENARIO 2 : VICINITY SUPERMARKET CO² Pollutants Noise 4 koe 12,6 kg 760 m².h 0,3 kg ~ 10 cars SCENARIO 3 : SCENARIO 2 WITH AT HOME DELIVERY CO² Pollutants Noise 19 koe Source Ademe / IMPACT kg 1305 m².h 2,2 kg ~ 35 cars AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 13

14 PARALLEL OR ROUNTRIP DELIVERIES? marchvil SCENARIO 1 : PARALLEL DELIVERIES 10 km 10 km SCENARIO 2 : ROUNDTRIP DELIVERIES Source Ademe x 500 kg 5 km 6 tons AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 14

15 A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON ENERGY / / EMISSIONS BALANCE SCENARIO 1 : PARALLEL DELIVERIES CO² Pollutants Noise marchvil 21,7 koe 67,9 kg 1972 m².h 1,1 kg SCENARIO 2 : ROUNTRIP DELIVERIES 12 cars 6 koe Source Ademe / IMPACT 1997 CO² 18,8 kg 717 m².h Pollutants 0,4 kg Noise ~ 10 cars AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 15

16 RESULTS AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 16

17 BORDEAUX 1995 BREAKDOWN OF OF URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT 0,1% 0,2% 54% 0,3% 1,2% 2,8% 9% 4,4% 37% Source LET AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 17

18 BORDEAUX 1995 ENERGY / / EMISSIONS BALANCE FOR H.D.V. EXCEPT GOODS TRAFFIC BY PRIVATE CARS H.D.V. & TRANSIT TRAFIC INCLUDED ENERGY CO2 CO VOC NOx SO2 PM 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source ARIA pour ADEME / EDF AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 18

19 PM SO² VOC NOx CO² CO BORDEAUX 1995 EMISSIONS BREAKDOWN ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF VEHICLES Diesel Gasoline 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source ARIA pour ADEME / EDF TRANSIT AHEAD! AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 19

20 ROAD TRAFFIC IN BORDEAUX : SHARE OF GOODS TRAFFIC VEHICLE. KILOMETERS morning peak hour average evening peak hour ONE HOUR S TRAFFIC AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 20

21 ENERGY BALANCE FOR TRANSPORTS IN IN BORDEAUX :: SHARE OF GOODS TRAFFIC TEP / HOUR morning peak hour average 37 9 evening peak hour AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 21

22 TRANSPORTS POLLUTION IN IN BORDEAUX : : INFLUENCE OF OF THE THE METEOROLOGICAL SITUATION MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS NOx AT MORNING PEAK HOUR ( µg/m 3 ) CO frequent frequent unfavorable unfavorable NMVOC PM frequent frequent unfavorable unfavorable THE MOST FREQUENT SITUATION : WEST WIND 5m/s UNFAVORABLE SITUATION : WEAK WIND & TURBULENCE AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 22

23 GEATER PARIS 1995 ENERGY BALANCE / / HDV EMISSIONS EXCEPT L.D.V. AND FREIGHT TRAFFIC BY PRIVATE CARS H.D.V. TRANSIT INCLUDED ENERGY CO2 CO VOC NOx SO2 PM 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source ISIS pour ADEME / EDF 1997 AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 23

24 GREATER PARIS 1995 NOx EMISSIONS FOR H.D.V. BLACK BLACK & & RED RED AXES AXES ARE ARE THE THE MOST MOST POLLUTED POLLUTED Source ISIS pour ADEME / EDF 1997 KG / KM PER DAY IMPORTANCE OF TRANSIT TRAFFIC AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 24

25 RESEARCH SYNTHESIS AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 25

26 USING RESEACH RESULTS TO DEVELOP METHODOLOGICAL GUIDES AND TOOLS FOR DECISON MAKERS AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 26

27 A NEW LEGAL FRAMWORK FOR URBAN TRANSPORT: THE CLEAN AIR & ENERGY MANAGEMENT ACT ART. 14 : URBAN TRANSPORT FRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK FOR PASSENGERS & GOODS FCUTTING DOWN TRAFFIC FDEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT, CYCLING & WALKING FBETTER ALLOCATION OF LANES TO THE DIFFERENTS MODES FREDUCTION OF THE IMPACT OF URBAN FREIGHT TRANSPORT FCAR POOLING IN PRIVATE COMPANIES COMPLUSORY FOR AGGLOMERATIONS > INHAB. TOWARD AN UNIQUE AUTHORITY TO PLAN URBAN TRAFFIC OF GOODS & PASSENGERS AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 27

28 ASSESSMENTS FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 28

29 METHODOLOGICAL GUIDES FOR TECHNICIANS AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 29

30 FUNDING NEW EXPERIMENTS : AN EXAMPLE URBAN DELIVERY PLATEFORM ELCIDIS LA ROCHELLE COMMUNAUTE D AGGLOMERATION TRANSPORTS GENTY 700 m 2, 6 Portails; 6 E.V.s FOBJECTIVE : 600 parcels /day ; FREALISATION 61% AND : Rotterdam Stockholm Erlangen La Louvière Stavanger Région Lombardie AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 30

31 AS A MATTER OF CONCLUSION AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 31

32 FROM PREDIT 2 TOWARDS PREDIT 3 MAIN FEATURES : urban freight program ELU : urban logistic platforms economy & logistics environment & reverse logistics urban logistics goods safety specilized clean vehicles tools for public policies AIR &TRANSPORTS DIRECTION 32