Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning. Dr. Toe Aung Director of Urban Planning Division Yangon City Development Committee

Transcription

1 Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning Dr. Toe Aung Director of Urban Planning Division Yangon City Development Committee

2 Background and Objectives Yangon City, with a population of about 5.21 million as of 2014, is the largest economic center of the nation, and experiences rapid urbanization and motorization as the nation s economic growth. The current rapid urbanization and motorization put more and more pressure on the existing transport infrastructure in Yangon City and its surrounding areas. The deteriorating urban transport situation has become a serious concern socially, politically and environmentally. The objective is to ensure mobility and accessibility to urban services for the Greater Yangon s people and society by an efficient and sustainable public transport system and road network. 2

3 Connectivity with Ports, Logistic Facilities and Industrial Areas Source: Based on the information from the Yangon Region Traffic Regulation Control Committee 3

4 Yangon Circular Railway The average daily ridership of Yangon Circular Railway and the Suburban Lines in 2011 is 90,620 passengers/day and the daily number of operated trains in the lines is 200 train/day. Yangon Circular Railway and the Suburban Lines play an important role as urban transport in Yangon Region as a whole. However, the operational performance and capacity is quite poor due to the deterioration of all infrastructures and lack of proper maintenance. 4

5 Even the sections in relatively good condition in Yangon Circular Railway, Yangon-Mandalay Main Line and Yangon- Pyay Main Line in Yangon Region, which are the most maintained line, the maximum speed is approximately km/hr, while the other suburban lines are forced to operate at quite slow speeds of 5-10 km/hr due to terrible track conditions. The time it takes to make a round trip of Yangon Circular Railway, which has 47.5 km, is approximately three hours (equivalent to 15 km/hr). Source: YUTRA Project Team 5

6 Inland Waterway Transportation 1. Yangon River 2. Bago River 3. Hlaing River 4. Panhlaing River 5. Twante Canal 6. Pazundaung Creek 7. Khanaungto Creek 6

7 Share of daily transportation in Yangon Buses-79% Rail-4% Private cars +Taxis 10% Circular Railway 1% Circular Railway +Bus 3% Bus 3 Steps 4% Taxi 2% Ferry 7% Own Car 8% Bus one step 48% Bus two steps 27% According to the survey conducted by Urban Planning Division, there are 48% of one-stage buses transportation, 27% in 2 stage, 4% in 3 stage. 3% using buses and railway transportation and only 1% for railway transportation. According to this, 79% uses buses for transportation mode which is indicating that most people use public transportation than any other countries. 7

8 Public Transportation system Administration Secure and Smooth Transport Supervisory Committee (SSTSC) Yangon Region Central Supervisory Committee for Motor Vehicle and Vessels (Ma Hta Tha), other organizations such as Shwe Ae' The, Bandoola Transport, Than Myan Thu, Adi Padi (Approximately20 Org..) Bus Lines 400 Bus Lines in Total 8,000 Buses in Total ( Approximately ) 5,800Buses Daily Run ( Approximately 73 % of total) 20,000 Trips per day ( Approximately) Ma Hta Tha operated 134 Bus lines with 2530 different type of buses/4,453 Drivers and 6,371 Conductors employed. Source: Ma Hta Tha 8

9 Organizations involved in Transport Sector of Yangon Region

10 Responsibilities of each Government Agency Source: YUTRA Report 10

11 Bus Transport Institutional Structure

12 YCDC s involvement in Public Transportation YCDC City Planning & Land Administration Dept. Administration Unit GIS Unit Engineering Dept. (Roads & Bridges) Traffic Engineering Urban Planning Division Land Administration Division-1 Land Administration Division-2 Administration District Engineering Offices Special Construction Teams

13 Integrating Land Use Planning with Transportation Planning Urban Planning Division Branch (5) Urban Transportation & Road Network Planning Urban Transportation Planning Road Network Planning Traffic Planning Port & Logistics Planning

14 The daily routine problems of the people of Yangon are facing as daily basis is traffic congestion and unappropriated public transportation system. The problems between the buses and the private cars have counter affects upon each two different modes. The problem is the number of vehicles in the Yangon City jump to over 300,000 in June, 2013 after the Government permit import of vehicles from abroad since the last two years. For now, the registered vehicles increased to over 500,000 in the end of

15 Yangon City Development Committee Based on OD survey, 33% of people work in CBD, 43% in Inner City, amounts to 76 %, 0r 3.95 mill. People working in 22% of city area According to this OD pattern, 23% of the population coming in to the CBD daily and about 33% coming into inner city zone. Total 76% of travels are towards inner city Zone & CBD 43% in and to Inner City 33% in and to CBD Moreover, 10 % of the population living in the CBD and 10 % living in the inner city and 56% of daily travelers, totally 76% of the population are working around this small area which accounts only 22% for the whole Yangon City. This explains travelling affects the land uses. 15

16 Current issues Traffic Safety Driver's manners are comparatively good in case of passenger cars. The traffic accident rate of buses per 10,000 vehicles is extremely high. The reason of high accident rate of buses are due to their operation system to pick up/ drop passengers on road side, higher driving speed, and overloading of passengers. 16

17 Source: YUTRA Project Team Congested Intersections and Road Sections in CBD 17

18 Source: YUTRA Project Team Congested Intersections and Road Sections 18

19 Source: YCDC Location of Existing Signalized Intersections (Outside the CBD) 19

20 Proposed Traffic Management Projects 20

21 Road Area of Metropolitan Cities 21

22 Composition of Number of Lanes Source: YUTRA Report 22

23 Proposed Elevated Road (Waizayantar Road) 23

24 Objectives and Strategies A. Promotion of Social Understanding about Urban Transport Problems and Issues No transport policy and project would work effectively unless a wide and profound understanding of transport problems, issues and future directions is shared by the society. To achieve this objective the following five strategies are suggested: A1. Conduct of consecutive transport campaigns; A2. Expansion of transport education; A3. Strengthening of transport studies; A4. Information disclosure. 24

25 Objectives and Strategies (cont.) B. Effective Management of Urban Growth and Development Defining a vision of the future is highly important in the study area because a fast increasing population and economy will have huge impact on urban development and people s lives. The transport sector is a critical part of urban growth and management. To achieve this objective, the following five strategies are suggested: B1. Policy coordination within the Greater Yangon area; B2. Authorization of City and Transport Master Plans; B3. Development of hierarchical road network and road classifications to guide design (and parking provision); B4. Promotion of integrated urban and transport development, particularly Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). 25

26 Objectives and Strategies (cont.) C. Promotion and Development of Attractive Public Transport Without public transport, the city s future is untenable. Future public transport must be provided in sufficient quantity and quality. An attractive public transport system is the only solution which both city authorities and the people expect. Suggested strategies are: C1. Development of a hierarchal mass transit system; C2. Early introduction of an integrated public transport system (BRT) in the effort to maintain public transport share; C3. Upgrading the present rail system; C4. Development and improvement of bus transport system, including reform of management systems and the business model; C5. Promotion of public transport use and expansion of services. 26

27 Objectives and Strategies (cont.) D. Efficient Traffic Control and Management The current road capacity is not efficiently utilized due to widespread on-road parking, various types of encroachments and poor traffic control and management. Infrastructure capacity is largely dependent on how it is operated, managed and maintained. Better traffic management will improve capacity as well as improve safety, amenity, and environment of the city and its people. It is also reliant on better regulation, management and enforcement combined with facility improvement and ICT technology. Suggested strategies are: D1.Establishment of comprehensive traffic management system balanced with better facilities for essential NMT modes such as cycling and walking; D2. Strengthening of traffic regulation, enforcement and management; D3. Management of freight transport; D4. Establishment of parking policy and controls; D5. Development of well-coordinated traffic control system. 27

28 Objectives and Strategies (cont.) E. Effective Transport Demand Management (TDM) The problem of traffic congestion should not be addressed merely from the supply side, i.e. expansion of infrastructure capacity. To ensure smooth traffic as well as share in amore equitable manner the cost and benefit of traffic and transport among stakeholders, various demand management measures (TDM) would need to be introduced, such as: E1. Integrating urban development andtransport (TOD); E2. Providing efficient public transport alternatives; E2. Regulating motorized vehicle access and proper charging of road use and parking. 28

29 Objectives and Strategies (cont.) F. Comprehensive Development of Transport Space and Environment Transport infrastructure provides important public space for the use of traffic comprising different modes including walking and for various urban services and activities. For this, it is important to design and develop transport infrastructure and services comprehensively to enhance the quality of urban areas and activities. Suggested strategies are: F1. Improvement of a safe transport environment for pedestrians and cyclists; F2. Redistribution of transport space and improvement of traffic environment in the city centre; F3. Establishment of township transport development strategy. 29

30 Objectives and Strategies (cont.) G. Enhancement of Traffic Safety Worsening traffic safety and an increase in traffic accidents are threatening the wellbeing of the city and its inhabitants; especially pedestrians. Road safety is also a priority issue at union government level. Suggested actions include: G1. Establishment of traffic safety audit system; G2. Elimination of traffic accident black spots; G3. Improvement of licensing and vehicle inspection system; G4. Strengthening of traffic enforcement system; G5. Strengthening of first aid response system. 30

31 Objectives and Strategies (cont.) H. Strengthening of Transport Sector Administrative and Management Capacities The tasks to be accomplished for the city s present and future are enormous and require a comprehensive and coordinated approach involving a wider range of players. The role of the related authorities in leading the process is very important. Suggested measures are: H1. Reform of transport- related organizations; H2. Promotion of private sector participation; H3. Strengthening of planning and management capacity; H4. Securing of development funds. 31

32 Main Features and Strategies of Yangon Urban Transport Plan Source: YUTRA Report 32

33 High passenger capacity Shorter travel time Significantly reduced emissions and fuel consumption Free more space in the city Flexible compared with light railway and subway systems Safe thanks to separate bus lanes and platform-based embarkation and disembarkation Benefits of BRT system Profitable within a very short time 33

34 7 corridors and 11 BRT routes introduced in the Comprehensive Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon Source: YUTRA Report 34

35 Schematic Image of Station Improvement for Multi-Model Facility Integration 35

36 Transit Oriented Development Development Policy Source: YUTRA Project Team Utilize workshop area for development Introduce following facilities; business offices, commercial facilities residential apartments, park & ride facility Integrate Inter-modal facilities (Railway, BRT, Feeder Bus, Taxi, Car) Connect buildings by pedestrian deck Separate pedestrians and vehicles Introduce enough green space inside development area 36

37 Draft Conceptual Plan and Perspective Image for Insein Workshop Redevelopment 37

38 Proposed Organizational Structure for Yangon Urban Transportation Authority Source: YUTRA Report 38

39 EU FUNDED PROJECT: SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING OVERALL OBJECTIVE: To contribute to the integration of environment protection and people centered principles into the policies and programs in Myanmar, thus pursuing the Millennium Development Goal 7a. In response to the specific objective in the Call for Proposals To strengthen institutional and operational capacities of Local Authorities (LA) in Myanmar, to enable them to enhance the quality of public policies at local level, to reinforce local governance, and citizens' access to improved public services and better living conditions within their communities.

40 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: Strengthen the capacities of Local Authorities of Yangon City and promote citizen participation in urban mobility planning process as a key towards a sustainable urban environment Based on this specific objective, the Action takes a three-pronged approach to implementation: 1. Build the institutional and technical capacity of the LA improving its strategic planning capacity through the transfer of good practices and models 2. Facilitate the access to appropriate technologies improving the staff capacities in order to increase their performance in the planning processes 3. Encourage community participation in the decision-making and the dialog with the LAs, increasing their awareness on mobility issues The local partner of the action is the YCDC, through its Department of City Planning and Land Administration (CPLA) responsible for urban planning matters and of which, one of its five technical sections is in charge of Urban Transportation and Road Network Planning. The longer-term outcome of this action is to improve the citizen s of Yangon quality of life. By applying best practices, results of the participative planning process fundamental to this project, a wide range of issue important both to the authorities and to public are taken into account, to ensure mobility for all. At the same time the project will contribute to the process of social cohesion and inclusion, reinforcing the role of local communities and promoting the dialogue between local authorities and the citizens.

41 SUSTAINABILITY AFTER COMPLETION OF THE ACTION The two main factors ensuring sustainability is the building of capacities and the strong link between the city of Turin and the city of Yangon. Decisions taken will be based on better data and therefore increase the chances of successful interventions. The website will continuously serve as a tool for communicating internally among authorities and externally towards the public. Successful interventions will serve as inspiring examples for other townships and cities and help spreading the tools and mechanisms proposed here. The project is to a large extent built on capacity strengthening, knowledge transfer and awareness making, soft actions that are less dependent on donor funding and more of engaged and leading personnel. Every joint effort will deepen the collaboration and engage more departments and individuals increasing sustainability of the collaboration. A successful project will lead to better mobility in the intervention townships and in nearby townships. This will have strong positive effects on the environment by reducing pollution from cars and larger vehicles in multiple ways: 1) continuously moving traffic reduces transportation time thus, less pollution and 2) informed citizens will change their behaviour and choose alternative means of transportation.

42 Conclusion Challenge to Sustainable Urban Transport Development Shared Vision, Common Agenda Sector Constraints Strategies Master Plan 42

43 Recommendations Implement the projects proposed in the master plan Authorize and get the master plan approved Setup Yangon Urban Transport Authority Raise funding capability of the government by seeking various additional revenue sources Take necessary actions as soon as possible to launch the shortterm projects Green promenade for pedestrians and cyclists The toll/fare rate should be carefully looked into in the feasibility study 43

44 Thank you for your kind attention 44