IOT & RFID Technology

Transcription

1 International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology IOT & RFID Technology Laxmi Gupta *1, Anushree Goud* IJSRCSEIT Volume 3 Issue 5 ISSN : * 1 Department of Masters of Computer Application, Bharti Vidyapeeth Institute of Management and Information Technology, Navi Mumbai,Maharashatra, India 2 Department of Masters of Computer Application, Bharti Vidyapeeth Institute of Management and Information Technology, Navi Mumbai,Maharashatra, India ABSTRACT Internet of Things is the interconnection of various devices in a network in which they are connected. This helps them to identify each device and maintains the communication between them. It also helps them to work together to execute the processes and services that support the basic requirements of finance, health and surrounding. Radio frequency identification system (RFID) is an technology which control individual target through radio waves. RFID readers can identify, track and monitor the objects. Object is automatically attach with tag globally. RFID is often considered as a prerequisite for the IoT. This paper introduces IoT and RFID Technology, discusses the applications of RFID technology used in IoT. Keywords : Internet of Things (IoT), Radio frequency identification (RFID) Tag, RFID Reader, Sensors I. INTRODUCTION IOT is important because of several reasons Now a Days Computers and Internet are almost fully relying (dependent) on human beings for information. Nearly 50 petabytes(a petabyte is 1,024 terabytes) of data available on the internet were first captured and created by human beings by typing, pressing a record button, taking a digital picture or scanning a bar code [1]. The problem here is, people have limited amount of time, attentiveness and correctness or accuracy all of which means that they are not very good at capturing data about things in the real world [2]. If we are having Computers that know everything or has the information about everything and this information is stored in the form of data and if they want to get information about things then using that data they collect information without any help form us (human being). Then we would be able to track and compute everything and that will tends to reduce waste, loss and cost. With the help of that system will automatically generate information regarding when things needed replacing, repairing and whether they were fresh or past their best. So Based on information required Action is to be taken and give alert or Notification to user. Internet of things is not able to complete unless you include both smart object/electric devices, dump object/non-electronic objects. So problem is that how do we identify these objects? How do we connect dump objects to the internet? What happens when we turn off our smart devices then how to track those devices? So solution is the RFID Technology. RFID enables the identification of Dump objects they can be Non-electric objects,very low cost objects, it provides the feature of smart electronic when devices in the off mode Only RFID can autonomously and CSEIT Received : 10 June 2018 Accepted : 22 June 2018 May-June-2018 [ (3)5 : ] 1119

2 seamlessly identify non-electronic devices (or unpowered smart devices). II. Internet Of Things(IOT) Communication:Internet of Things (IoT) consists of smart devices that communicate with each other. Due to this communication these devices able to collect and exchange data with each other. IOT is the interconnection of various devices and things. With the help of IoT, the devices can be uniquely identify and addressed with an IP (Internet Protocol) and it also let the devices to be connect with the Internet, so that they can send and receive data. Communication is possible via IP technologies, Cloud [1]. A thing, in the Internet of Things, can be a Farm Animal which contain a biochip transponder, All Car and Vehicles i.e. (Automobiles) that contain built-in Sensing element i.e. sensors to give alerts to the driver when there is something issue regarding car ex:- It gives alerts to the driver when tier pressure is low. OR any other natural and man-made object or things that can be assigned an IP Address and have the Capabilities of Collecting and transferring data over a net without manual support or cooperation. The Embedded technology in the objects helps them to intercommunicate with internal condition or internal states or the external circumstances, which in turn influence the decision taken [3]. IOT consist of following Components:- SENSORS: According to IEEE sensors can be defined as a electrical device that produces electrical, optical, or digital data. This data is derived form a physical condition or event. Data produced from sensors is then electronically transformed into information (output) with the help of another device. Further this information is useful in decision making done by intelligent devices or individual (people) [4]. Actuators: In Simple terms, an actuator operates in the reverse direction of a sensor. It takes an electrical input and turns it into a physical action. Or an actuator is a mechanism for turning energy into motion. for example: an electric motor, hydraulic actuators which uses liquid to generate motion, Electric actuators which uses an external power source, such as a battery, to generate motion. These are all different types of actuators [5]. Storage: After going to collect data from devices, there is need to collect it somewhere. That is where storage come in picture. Internet of things creates massive data from devices, applications and users. This data has to be managed in an efficient way by using cloud. Collected data from the devices, applications and users comes in various shapes and sizes. Cloud Platform offers a range of storage solutions.iot cloud offers various tools to collect, process, manage and store huge amount of data in real time so that Industries and services can easily access these data remotely and make critical decisions when necessary [3]. Fig 1: Components of IOT A device consists of hardware and software that directly interact with the world. Each device has unique Identification.this unique identification helps in Localization and tracking. 1120

3 III. RFID TECHNOLOGY AND DISCUSSION RFID technology was introduced in 1945 during World War 2. This technology was developed to identify aircraft as a tool for the Soviet Union, which retransmitted incident radio waves with audio information [2]. Under Watson-Watt, the British developed the first active system named as identify friend or foe (IFF) system. When a British plane received British radar signals, it would broadcast a signal back that identified the aircraft as friendly otherwise the aircraft is identified as foe. RFID works on this same basic concept. After some years, IBM developed UHF RFID system in early 1990s.The term Internet of things invented in 1999 referring to objects connected to RFID. In 2003, Walmart mandated that suppliers use RFID instead of Barcodes. By 2005, he accelerated the introduction of RFID to replace Barcodes. However, in early 2009 it dropped the mandate and RFID growth is stopped or stagnated (stagnated means having stopped) so Because of that there were <500 million RFID units sold in 2009, and in 2015 there were >4.7 billion RFID units sold. Global RFID market expected to grow from [2]. The reader is a powerful device with ample amount of memory and computational resources and this reader transmits a query signal to the tag and receives reflected signal from the tag, which in turn is pass to the database. The database connects to a processing centre to identify objects based on the reflected signals. The RFID tag, represents a simple chip or label attached to objects so that the object is uniquely identifiable and they can communicate wirelessly [3]. Smart objects can be combining with both an RFID tag and sensor. Sensors are used to measure data and sensors can capture fluctuations in the surrounding temperature, changes in quantity, or other types of information. Below mentioned diagram shows the working of RFID system which consist of RFID tag, RFID Reader and sensor [3]. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a prerequisite for the Internet of things. Because RFID technology has multiple features like it uniquely identifies an item, it can identify objects wirelessly without line-of-sight, read data much greater distance e.g. 30 feet, and it able to read much faster e.g. forty or more tags per second. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) devices are wireless microchips used for tagging objects for automated identification. RFID systems consist of a reading device called a reader, and one or more tags. Fig 2: RFID System Flow 1.)An RFID Reader enables:-a)sending power to the tag.(b)sending a request to interrogate (c)receiving and interpreting the information sent back from the tag. 2.) The Reader sends power and a request to the tag. 1121

4 3.) The tag validates the reader is genuine or not and if it is genuine then it is allowed to read the tag. Tag (passive RFID tag ) consists of three parts:- a)an antenna for receiving both POWER and a REQUEST. (b)a microchip for accessing stored identification information. (c)a backscatter transmitter for sending back the information.it does not have a battery. 4.) The tag transmits back the information 5.) The reader displays the tag data/status. RFID tags can be active, passive or semipassive/active. Active tags are powered by battery, and they can sense the channel and detect collisions. While passive ones do not need battery and they do not have ability to sense the channel and detect collisions they respond only at readers commands. Semi-passive/active tags use on-board power source that can be use to energize their microchips [1]. Fig 3: Types of RFID Tags Applications: The application of RFID has a much wider scope Many countries are issuing RFID enabled passports and RFID can also be used for tracking cattle.. RFID is Used for inter vehicular communication, which includes Vehicle Identification System that can be used to determine if a vehicle registration has expired or not. And to monitor traffic and maintain the vehicle speed according to that in construction zones or other appropriate areas. IBM make practical and effective use of RFID technology at one of OhioHealth s hospitals for tracking hand washing after checking each patient. That process could be used to avoid infections.because of infection that lead to 90,000 deaths and suffer the loss of, about $30 billion annually [2]. The importance of RFID in animal tracking is also considered to be huge. The tagging of animals is now become a legal requirement in many more territories and regions such as China and Australia, and up to 243 million tags being used for this sector in 2011.Animal tagging connected with traceability identification of individual cattle and biometric identifiers (e.g. Retinal Scan) are used for the verification of cattle's identity.[4] RFID technology can greatly improve the performance and responsiveness of healthcare systems. RFID bracelet are useful because it can reduce the risk of misidentifying patients and with the help of this accessing the patient medical records in a timely manner is possible easily. This bracelet is a plastic band strapped around a patient s wrist with an RFID tag embedded in it. Using these patient conditions would be monitored continuously, patient s location can be tracked, and RFID also helps for measuring blood pressure, heartbeat rate, and ph value etc. Doctor could easily achieve these data through integrated solution and can do necessary actions. There is applications which uses RFID technology to monitoring the medication intake of elder [5]. RFID systems are use in oil and gas industry. For this purpose combination of sensors such as GPS, water presence, etc with RFIDs are used. For example, if a worker falls into the sea, the water sensor detects presence of saltwater and helps the rescuers to carry out search operation. We can also use this to check whether a worker wears the set of mandatory safety equipment or not, this is done with the help of RFID tags and automated checklist is provided. When a 1122

5 worker passes through gates equipped with RFID readers, the reader verifies whether the worker is wearing all the mandatory safety equipment or not. IV. CONCLUSION In future IOT is going to become a reality. It will change our life style. But there are many challenges to face related to the deployment, growth, implementation, and use of thistechnology.but it will be a boon for us in future.especially RFID is very useful technology for Iot like in health Sector the health problems are easily predicted at the beginning stage based on IoT healthcare system. Highly pervasive RFID enables remote identification, tracking, and localization of the medical staff, patients, drugs, and equipment of oil and gas industries and animals etc. V. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3]. [4] [5] 607_Emerging_RFIDUSN_Applications_and_Cha llenges. 1123