B-4 PARTS IDENTIFICATION AND TRACKING APPLICATION STANDARD

Transcription

1 B-4 PARTS IDENTIFICATION AND TRACKING APPLICATION STANDARD

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3 AIAG PUBLICATIONS An AIAG publication reflects a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An AIAG publication is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer and the general public. The existence of an AIAG publication does not in any respect preclude anyone from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the publication. CAUTIONARY NOTICE AIAG publications are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE Recognizing that this AIAG publication may not cover all circumstances, AIAG has established a maintenance procedure. Please refer to the Maintenance Request Form at the back of this document to submit a request. APPROVAL STATUS This document was approved for publication by the AIAG Board of Directors on February 10, Published by: Automotive Industry Action Group Lahser Road, Suite 200 Southfield, Michigan Phone: (248) Fax: (248) AIAG Copyright and Trademark Notice: The contents of all published materials are copyrighted by the Automotive Industry Action Group unless otherwise indicated. Copyright is not claimed as to any part of an original work prepared by a U.S. or state government officer or employee as part of the person s official duties. All rights are preserved by AIAG, and content may not be altered or disseminated, published, or transferred in part of such content. The information is not to be sold in part or whole to anyone within your organization or to another company. Copyright infringement is a violation of federal law subject to criminal and civil penalties. AIAG and the Automotive Industry Action Group are registered service marks of the Automotive Industry Action Group Automotive Industry Action Group B-4 1 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

4 FOREWORD This revision of the B-4 was prepared by the Automatic Identification Data Collection (AIDC) Work Group. The purpose of this revision is to update the Standard by incorporating symbology options approved by the AIAG since the February 1998 revision. The B-4 Standard now offers two options for linear symbologies: Code 39 or Code 128, and two options for two-dimensional symbologies: Data Matrix or QR Code. B-4 2 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

5 For Parts Identification and Tracking ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In June 2002, when this revision of the B-4 Standard was approved by the Automatic Identification Data Collection (AIDC) Work Group, the following members participated: Christina Barkan Dennis Barlow John Druskinis Brigitte Dublin Louis Figarella Larry Graham Marsha A. Harmon Doug Horst Bill Hoffman Brian St. Pierre Richard Tervo Yuji Tsujimoto Symbol Technologies Ford Motor Company Avery Dennison Hand Held Products RVSI Acuity-CiMatrix General Motors QED Systems EDS Intermec RVSI Acuity CiMatrix DaimlerChrysler DENSO B-4 3 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS AIAG PUBLICATIONS... 1 FOREWORD... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 6 SCOPE DEFINITIONS CRITICAL TO THIS STANDARD GENERAL DATA FIELDS AND DATA IDENTIFIERS ALLOWABLE DATA CHARACTERS SUBSTRATES SYMBOLOGIES LINEAR APPLICATIONS CODE 39 AND CODE D APPLICATIONS DATA MATRIX AND QR CODE Code Densities and Dimensions for Data Matrix and QR Code Quiet Zones for Data Matrix or QR Code Code Configuration for Data Matrix and QR Code Error Correction Levels Reflectivity and Contrast for Data Matrix and QR Code Quality Control Requirements Data Format for Data Matrix and QR Code Data Length for Data Matrix and QR Code Human Translation for Data Matrix and QR Code Symbol Layout for Data Matrix and QR Code REFERENCES APPENDIX A. TYPICAL DATA IDENTIFIERS ABOUT AIAG MAINTENANCE REQUEST B-4 4 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

7 FIGURES Figure 1. Code 39 Symbols Formatted Horizontally...18 Figure 2. Code 39 Symbols Formatted Vertically Figure 3. Code 128 Symbols Formatted Horizontally Figure 4. Code 128 Symbols Formatted Vertically Figure 5. Rectangular And Square Data Matrix Symbols Figure 6. Example of a Part with a Data Matrix Symbol Figure 7. Example of Data Matrix Subpack or Unit Pack Identification and Tracking Symbol Figure 8. Example of a Part with a QR Code Symbol Figure 9. Example of QR Code Subpack or Unit Pack Identification and Tracking Marking Symbol TABLES Table 1. Restricted Length Data Fields Table 2. Example of Data Formats for Typical Code 39 and Code 128 Symbols Table 3. Marking Space Required for Given Number of Characters Code Table 4. Marking Space Required for Given Number of Characters Code Table 5. 2D Symbol Size Classifications by Element and Symbol Dimensions Table 6. Rectangular Data Matrix ECC 200 Symbol Attributes Table 7. Data Matrix and QR Code Print Quality Table 8. Example Data Format for Data Matrix or QR Code Table 9. Macro Functions for Data Matrix Table 10. Maximum Characters for Given Symbol Sizes for Data Matrix ECC 100 and ECC B-4 5 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

8 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) B-4 Standard (2 nd revision) outlines the symbologies recommended for automotive part identification and tracking. This Standard recommends the use of the linear symbologies, Code 39 or Code 128, or the 2D symbologies, Data Matrix or QR Code. It is not the intent of this document to cause the obsolescence of existing systems. One of the criteria used when making the decision to recommend more than one symbology was the availability of existing auto-discriminating equipment to read multiple symbologies. The Automatic Identification Data Collection (AIDC) Work Group also determined that the most effort is incurred in the production, not in the scanning of the symbol. The complexity and level of knowledge required to scan a symbol is minimal compared to the level of complexity and knowledge necessary to produce a high quality mark. Therefore, to decrease cost, improve quality, and reduce the confusion factor in the total system, it was decided that the Supplier, and not the Customer, SHALL make the decision of which symbology to use and inform the Customer of that choice. Scope This standard defines the minimum requirements for marking or labeling individual parts, unit packs, subpacks, kits, and assemblies/subassemblies that are distributed outside the originating location. These specifications provide maximum flexibility for symbol size, location, and information included in the symbol. Intended applications include, but are not limited to, systems that automate the control of individual parts and unit packs. Such applications include: production operations product testing assembly process verification tool crib control inventory control distribution/receipt of parts maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) supplies. This standard does not define the label dimensions, marking areas, marking methods, or the location of the symbol(s) on the individual part or unit pack. Before implementation, suppliers SHOULD review and obtain approval of these details from their customers. B-4 6 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

9 2.0 DEFINITIONS CRITICAL TO THIS STANDARD 2D (two-dimensional) symbols Optically readable symbols that must be examined both vertically and horizontally to read the entire message. Two-dimensional symbols may be one of two types: matrix symbols and multi-row symbols. Two-dimensional symbols have error detection and may include error correction features. (See matrix symbol.) cell (See module.) component A part, assembly, or raw material that is a constituent of a higher-level assembly. data area titles Data areas comprise information in machine-readable or human-readable form. Data areas are identified with the corresponding data area title in human-readable text that may be prefixed, if relevant, by the appropriate identifier. data field A message consisting of a data identifier immediately followed by its associated data. data format Letters and numbers used to denote the type of data allowed within the referenced data field, and the total quantity of that type of data allowed in the data field. Examples: an..6 means up to six characters of alpha-numeric data are allowed. n..12 means up to 12 characters of only-numeric data are allowed. Data Identifier (DI) A specified character, or string of characters, that defines the intended use of the data element that follows. For the purposes of automatic data capture technologies, Data Identifier means the alphanumeric identifiers, as defined in ISO 15418, EAN/UCC Application Identifiers and FACT Data Identifiers and Maintenance and ANSI MH direct part marking A marking applied directly to a part s surface using intrusive or non-intrusive identification techniques. error correction A technique used at the byte level to detect and correct data transmission errors. Supplemental bits introduced or source-encoded into a data stream to allow automatic correction of erroneous bits and/or derivation of missing bits, in accordance with a specific computational algorithm. B-4 7 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

10 free text Human-readable information other than what is encoded in the machine-readable medium. This information may be needed by one or more users of the label. An example of free text is a product description. human-readable information One of four types of information that may appear and be associated with a machine-readable medium, typically on a label (e.g., bar code, 2D symbol, RF tag) intended to convey information to a person. They are: Human-Readable Interpretation (HRI) Human translation Data area titles Free text and data human-readable interpretation Information provided adjacent to a linear bar code representing the encoded data within the symbol. human translation Information provided within proximity of the machine-readable medium representing portions of the information encoded, along with data field descriptions not encoded in the symbols. imager (See scanner) A type of bar code scanner used to read linear bar codes and 2D symbols using optical imaging technology. individual part A single part, item, or material purchased, manufactured, and/or distributed. intrusive marking Any device designed to alter a material surface to form a human- or machine-readable symbol. This marking category includes, but is not limited to, devices that abrade, burn, corrode, cut, deform, dissolve, etch, melt, oxidize, or vaporize a material surface. kit A set of components for a single assembly part, packaged together as a single part number, for inclusion into one assembly. label A marking that has these characteristics: produced by any means, on a piece of paper, cloth, polymer, metal, or other material, affixed to something via a pressure-sensitive backing, uses black images on a white background or white images on a black background (reverse image) to indicate its contents, destination, or other information. B-4 8 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

11 linear bar code symbol A bar code symbology in which the symbol is formed of a single row of symbol characters. manufacturer The actual producer or fabricator of an item, not necessarily the supplier in a transaction. matrix symbol A collection of polygonal or circular elements in a regular pattern to represent data for retrieval by a vision scanning system. module In a linear or multi-row bar code symbology, the nominal unit of measure in a symbol character. In certain symbologies, element widths may be specified as multiples of one module. Equivalent to X Dimension. In a matrix symbology, a single cell or element used to encode one bit of the codeword. multi-row symbology (also known as stacked symbology) A bar code symbology in which the symbol consists of two or more vertically adjacent rows of symbol characters. non-intrusive marking A method of forming markings by adding material to a surface. Non-intrusive methods include ink-jet, laser bonding, liquid metal jet, silk screen, and thin film deposition. part An identifiable item that has a unique name and / or number assigned to it. (See also individual part and component.) scanner (See imager) An input device that sends signals proportional to the reflectivity of each successive element of the symbol (linear or 2D) to the decoder. SHALL/SHOULD In this document, the word SHALL indicates a requirement and the word SHOULD indicates a recommendation. subpack One of the smaller packs that make up a larger pack. supplier / vendor In a transaction, the party that produces, provides, or furnishes a product or service. B-4 9 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

12 supplier / vendor ID The numeric or alphanumeric code used to identify the supplier/vendor. symbology A standard means of representing data in an optically readable form. Each symbology specification sets out its particular rules of composition or symbol architecture. unit pack The first tie, wrap, or container of a single item. A unit pack may be an item packaged singly or a kit of items to be added to a single assembly. X dimension The specified width of the narrow elements in a bar code symbol or the specified width of a single element in a two-dimensional symbol. B-4 10 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

13 3.0 GENERAL The information in this section applies to all of the symbologies recommended in this Standard: Code 39, Code 128, Data Matrix, and QR Code. 3.1 Data Fields And Data Identifiers Any data field agreed to between trading partners may be marked on an individual part or label. A data field SHALL consist of a Data Identifier followed by the associated data. Data Identifiers complying with ANSI MH SHALL be used. All data can be variable length unless restricted by these standards. When used, the following fields SHALL NOT exceed the length shown. Table 1. Restricted Length Data Fields Data Identifier Description Maximum Data Length Maximum Total Field Length S Product Serial Number S Container Serial Number 9 11 T Customer-Assigned Traceability Number 1T Supplier-Assigned Traceability Number A linear bar code symbol (Code 39 or Code 128) SHALL contain only one data field per symbol. In any case, the total length of a Code 39 or Code 128 symbol (exclusive of start and stop characters and the mandatory check character in Code 128) SHOULD NOT exceed 20 characters and SHALL NOT exceed 30 characters. The two-dimensional symbologies (Data Matrix and QR Code) may contain multiple data fields. When the fields in Table 1 are encoded in a Data Matrix or QR Code symbol, they SHALL NOT exceed the maximum character lengths illustrated. See Appendix A for a partial listing of Data Identifiers used in the automotive industry. 3.2 Allowable Data Characters The character set for this application consists of the following: Uppercase alpha characters Numbers 0-9 DASH (-) B-4 11 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

14 PERIOD (.) DOLLAR SIGN ($) FORWARD SLASH (/) PLUS (+) PERCENT (%) UNDERSCORE ( _ ) SPACE character. The full ASCII character set SHALL NOT be used for data. (Note: The characters DOLLAR SIGN ($), FORWARD SLASH (/), PLUS (+), and PERCENT (%) are not available for use with Code 39 and therefore SHOULD be avoided in data fields that may be encoded in both linear and 2D symbols.) 3.3 Substrates Type and Topography The customer and supplier SHALL agree on the specific substrate acceptable for a required application. Reflective white substrates, such as conventional labels, are readily available. These substrates are recommended for all applications. Low-contrast substrates (transparent, metallic, plastic, Kraft, rubber, etc.) often require special illumination methods to enhance the contrast to acceptable levels. On these substrates, consideration SHOULD be given to the uniformity of the surface to be marked and read. Surface qualification and symbol verification SHALL be performed under conditions similar to the point-of-use reading environment. For applications that do not use direct marking, symbol printing SHALL be black on a white substrate Environment Environmental conditions in the marking and reading area that are within the control of the user SHOULD be taken into consideration. The post-marking environment (temperatures, humidity, and other climate-related elements) SHOULD be considered, and care SHOULD be taken when selecting substrates so that surface changes (degradation) do not adversely affect long term readability. B-4 12 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

15 4.0 SYMBOLOGIES For applications: Code 39 or Code 128 SHALL be used for linear applications. Data Matrix or QR Code SHALL be used for 2D applications. B-4 13 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

16 5.0 LINEAR APPLICATIONS 5.1 Code 39 and Code 128 When a linear symbology is used for applications, ISO/IEC Bar Code Symbology Specification - Code 39 or ISO/IEC Bar Code Symbology Specification - Code 128 SHALL be used. When Code 128 is used, the symbol SHALL NOT be a UCC EAN Code 128 symbol Code Densities and Dimensions for Code 39 and Code 128 Bar height for both symbologies can be varied to suit the particular application requirements. The minimum bar height SHALL be 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) or 15 percent of the bar code length, including quiet zone, and SHOULD not exceed 0.5 inch (13 mm). Code 39 The significant parameters of each Code 39 symbol are the average width of the narrow elements (bars and spaces) and the average ratio of wide elements to narrow elements. For each Code 39 symbol, the average width of the narrow elements SHALL be within the range of inch (0.191 mm) to inch (0.254 mm). The ratio of the wide elements to the narrow elements SHOULD be 3:1. The measured ratio SHALL be between 2.8:1 and 3.2:1. Code 128 Each Code 128 data character consists of 1X, 2X, 3X, or 4X elements in width. For each Code 128 symbol, the average width of the 1X narrow element SHALL be within the range of inch (0.191mm) to inch (0.254 mm) Quiet Zones for Code 39 and Code 128 Code 39 Each of the leading and trailing quiet zones for a Code 39 symbol SHOULD be 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) and SHALL be a minimum of 10 times the width of the narrow element. Code 128 Each of the leading and trailing quiet zones for a Code 128 symbol SHALL be a minimum of 10 times the width of the narrowest element or 0.25 inches (6.4 mm), whichever is greater Check Digits for Code 39 and Code 128 Code 39 Check digits SHALL NOT be used in Code 39 symbols. B-4 14 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

17 Code 128 The Code 128 symbology includes a mandatory check digit as the last character before the stop character. The check digit SHALL NOT be shown in the human readable interpretation Quality for Code 39 and Code 128 Code 39 and Code 128 symbols must be readable throughout the system of use. For this reason quality tests SHOULD be performed from label production through end use Code 39 and Code 128 Print Quality The ISO/IEC Bar Code Print Quality Test Specification - Linear Symbols SHALL be used to determine Code 39 and Code 128 symbol print quality. Unless otherwise specified by trading partners, the minimum symbol grade SHALL be 2.0/05/660 where: minimum print quality grade = 2.0 (C) measurement aperture = inch (0.127 mm) inspection wavelength = 660 nanometers + 10 nanometers. The above symbol quality and measurement parameters ensure scannability over a broad range of scanning environments. Previous AIAG standards specified an inspection wavelength of 900 nanometers to accommodate existing infrared scanners. In most cases, compliance at 900 nanometers is an indicator of compliance at 660 nanometers. When discrepancies occur, measurements SHALL be made at 660 nanometers Code 39 and Code 128 Data Format and Data Length Data Format Data in a B-4 compliant symbol SHALL consist of the appropriate ANSI MH Data Identifier followed by user data. Table 2. Example of Data Formats for Typical Code 39 and Code 128 Symbols Data Identifier P 1T V Q Information Content Customer-Assigned Part Identification Supplier-Assigned Traceability Data Customer-Assigned Supplier Code Quantity Data Length A Code 39 or a Code 128 symbol SHOULD NOT exceed 20 characters and SHALL NOT exceed 30 characters in length, including the data identifier. However, available marking space may limit the B-4 15 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

18 possible data length to fewer data characters. The following tables will help in determining the maximum number of characters that may be encoded with various space constraints. Characters (Data + DI) Table 3. Marking Space Required for Given Number of Characters Code 39 Minimum Symbol Height Minimum Symbol Width Including Minimum Quiet Zone (10 times X dimension) Symbol Width Including Recommended Quiet Zone (0.25 in., 6.4 mm) in. (6.4 mm) 0.83 in. (21.1 mm) 1.13 in. (28.7 mm) in. (6.4 mm) 0.99 in. (25.1 mm) 1.29 in. (32.8 mm) in. (6.4 mm) 1.15 in. (29.2 mm) 1.45 in. (36.8 mm) in. (6.4 mm) 1.31 in. (33.3 mm) 1.61 in. (40.9 mm) in. (6.9 mm) 1.47 in. (37.3 mm) 1.77 in. (45.0 mm) in. (7.4 mm) 1.63 in. (41.4 mm) 1.93 in. (49.0 mm) in. (7.8 mm) 1.79 in. (45.5 mm) 2.09 in. (53.1 mm) in. (8.6 mm) 1.95 in. (49.5 mm) 2.25 in. (57.1 mm) in. (9.1 mm) 2.11 in. (53.6 mm) 2.41 in. (61.2 mm) in. (9.9 mm) 2.27 in. (57.7 mm) 2.57 in. (65.3 mm) in. (10.4 mm) 2.43 in. (61.7 mm) 2.73 in. (69.3 mm) in. (10.9 mm) 2.59 in. (65.8 mm) 2.89 in. (73.4 mm) in. (11.7 mm) 2.75 in. (69.9 mm) 3.05 in. (77.5 mm) in. (12.2 mm) 2.91 in. (73.9 mm) 3.21 in. (81.5 mm) in. (12.9 mm) 3.07 in. (78.0 mm) 3.37 in. (86.0 mm) in. (13.5 mm) 3.23 in. (82.0 mm) 3.53 in. (89.7 mm) in. (13.9 mm) 3.39 in. (86.1 mm) 3.69 in. (93.7 mm) in. (14.7 mm) 3.55 in. (90.2 mm) 3.85 in. (97.8 mm) in. (15.2 mm) 3.71 in. (94.2 mm) 4.01 in. (101.9 mm) in. (16.9 mm) 3.87 in. (98.3 mm) 4.17 in. (105.9 mm) in. (16.5 mm) 4.03 in. (102.4 mm) 4.33 in. (110.0 mm) in. (17.0 mm) 4.19 in. (106.4 mm) 4.49 in. (114.0 mm) in. (17.8 mm) 4.35 in. (110.5 mm) 4.65 in. (118.1 mm) in. (18.2 mm) 4.51 in. (114.5 mm) 4.81 in. (122.2 mm) in. (19.0 mm) 4.67 in. (118.6 mm) 4.97 in. (126.2 mm) in. (19.5 mm) 4.83 in. (122.7 mm) 5.13 in. (130.3 mm) in. (20.0 mm) 4.99 in. (126.7 mm) 5.29 in. (134.4 mm) in. (20.8 mm) 5.15 in. (130.8 mm) 5.45 in. (138.4 mm) in. (21.3 mm) 5.31 in. (134.9 mm) 5.61 in. (142.5 mm) *Note: Code 39 using in. (2.5 mm) X dimension and 3:1 ratio B-4 16 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

19 Characters (Data + DI) Table 4. Marking Space Required for Given Number of Characters Code 128 Minimum Symbol Height Minimum Symbol Width with Minimum Quiet Zone (10 times X dimension) Symbol Width with Recommended Quiet Zone (0.25 Inch/6.4 mm) in (6.4 mm) 0.76 in (19.3 mm) 1.06 in (26.9 mm) in (6.4 mm) 0.87 in (22.1 mm) 1.17 in (29.7 mm) in (6.4 mm) 0.98 in (24.9 mm) 1.28 in (32.5 mm) in (6.4 mm) 1.09 in (27.7 mm) 1.39 in (35.3 mm) in (6.4 mm) 1.19 in (30.2 mm) 1.49 in (37.8 mm) in (6.4 mm) 1.30 in (23.0 mm) 1.60 in (40.6 mm) in (6.4 mm) 1.41 in (35.8 mm) 1.71 in (43.4 mm) in (6.9 mm) 1.52 in (38.6 mm) 1.82 in (46.2 mm) in (7.4 mm) 1.63 in (41.4 mm) 1.93 in (49.0 mm) in (7.9 mm) 1.74 in (44.2 mm) 2.02 in (51.3 mm) in (8.1 mm) 1.84 in (46.7 mm) 2.14 in (54.4 mm) in (8.6 mm) 1.94 in (49.3 mm) 2.24 in (56.9 mm) in (8.9 mm) 2.06 in (52.3 mm) 2.36 in (59.9 mm) in (9.4 mm) 2.17 in (55.1 mm) 2.47 in (62.7 mm) in (9.9 mm) 2.28 in (57.9 mm) 2.58 in (65.5 mm) in (10.2 mm) 2.39 in (60.7 mm) 2.69 in (68.3 mm) in (10.7 mm) 2.49 in (63.2 mm) 2.79 in (70.9 mm) in (11.2 mm) 2.60 in (66.0 mm) 2.90 in (73.7 mm) in (11.4 mm) 2.71 in (68.8 mm) 3.01 in (76.5 mm) in (11.9 mm) 2.82 in (71.6 mm) 3.12 in (79.2 mm) in (12.2 mm) 2.93 in (74.4 mm) 3.23 in (82.0 mm) in (12.7 mm) 3.03 in (77.0 mm) 3.33 in (84.6 mm) in (12.7 mm) 3.14 in (79.8 mm) 3.44 in (87.4 mm) in (12.7 mm) 3.25 in (82.6 mm) 3.55 in (90.2 mm) in (12.7 mm) 3.36 in (85.3 mm) 3.66 in (93.0 mm) in (12.7 mm) 3.47 in (88.1 mm) 3.77 in (95.8 mm) in (12.7 mm) 3.58 in (90.9 mm) 3.88 in (98.6 mm) in (12.7 mm) 3.68 in (93.5 mm) 3.98 in (101.1 mm) in (12.7 mm) 3.79 in (96.3 mm) 4.09 in (103.9 mm) Notes: Code 128 'X' Dimension (width of the narrowest element) 0.01 in (0.254 mm) Human-Readable Interpretations for Code 39 and Code 128 The human-readable interpretation (HRI) of the Code 39 symbol SHOULD be printed. When printed, the HRI: SHALL represent all of the encoded information. B-4 17 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

20 SHOULD be consistently placed directly above or below the Code 39 symbol. SHALL display the Data Identifier in parentheses when the DI is part of the HRI. SHALL NOT display the start or stop characters. The parentheses used in the HRI to separate the data identifier from the user information SHALL NOT be encoded in the symbol. The font size and type may vary but must be mutually agreed upon by both trading partners Symbol Layout for Code 39 and Code 128 Layout and location of symbols will depend on available space. A supplier, with agreement from the customer, may put a symbol or symbols on a single label, multiple labels, a single line or multiple lines. It is strongly recommended that Code 39 symbols be located in such a manner that there is no horizontal alignment with other Code 39 symbols. The intent is to decrease the possibility of a scanner encountering more than one Code 39 symbol on the same horizontal scan. When multiple symbols are placed horizontally in an alternating pattern, as shown in Figure 1, care SHALL be taken so that HRI fields do not encroach on the quiet zones of neighboring symbols. The following examples are shown for illustration only and SHOULD NOT be construed as specifications. Figure 1. Code 39 Symbols Formatted Horizontally Figure 2. Code 39 Symbols Formatted Vertically B-4 18 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

21 Figure 3. Code 128 Symbols Formatted Horizontally ( P ) (V) (1T) 3 X Figure 4. Code 128 Symbols Formatted Vertically (P) (V) (1T) 3 X Note: Symbol examples are not to scale. B-4 19 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

22 6.0 2D APPLICATIONS 6.1 Data Matrix and QR Code When a 2D symbol is used for parts identification and tracking, ISO / IEC 16022, Symbology Specification Data Matrix or ISO / IEC 18004, Symbology Specification QR Code SHALL be used Code Densities and Dimensions for Data Matrix and QR Code The 2D symbol density is determined by many factors, including the marking area available, surface type, environment and reading device(s) used. Three symbol size classifications (C, D and E) are defined in Table 5. Size C symbols SHOULD be used on small surfaces that have a marking area equal to or less than 0.28 inches (.71 mm) on a side. Size D symbols SHOULD be used on medium-sized surfaces that have a marking area between 0.28 inches (.71 mm) and 1.0 inch (25.4 mm) on a side. Size E symbols SHOULD be used on large-sized surfaces that have a marking area greater than 1.0 inch (25.4 mm) on a side. Table 5. 2D Symbol Size Classifications by Element and Symbol Dimensions 2D Size Minimum Element Classification Dimensions C x (.10 mm x.10 mm) D x (.25 mm x.25 mm) E x (.64 mm x.64 mm) Recommended Element Dimensions (.19 mm) (.51 mm) (1.0 mm x 1.0 mm) Note: All symbol size classifications include the required quiet zone. Maximum Element Dimensions x (.25 mm x.25 mm) x (.64 mm x.64 mm) x (1.52 mm x 1.52 mm) Maximum Symbol Dimensions 0.28 x 0.28 (.71 mm X.71 mm) 1.0 x 1.0 (25.4 mm x 25.4 mm) >1.0 x 1.0 > (25.4mm x 25.4 mm) A particular symbol size depends on the amount and type of data encoded, element size, and error correction level. Within the constraints of the available marking area, the customer SHALL specify the 2D size classification to be used for a part or class of parts. For a stated 2D size classification, the supplier SHALL use element dimensions within the range specified in Table 5. To allow for the best possible scanner performance, trading partners SHOULD implement their system using the largest size class and element dimension that fits within the available area. B-4 20 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

23 Rectangular Data Matrix Although square symbols are more efficient, rectangular symbols may be generated when the space available will not accommodate a square, particularly when the part is cylindrical. There are six rectangular symbol sizes, which are only available in ECC200, as specified in Table 6. Figure 5. Rectangular and Square Data Matrix Symbols Table 6. Rectangular Data Matrix ECC 200 Symbol Attributes *Symbol Size Data Region Mapping Data Capacity Row Column Size Number Matrix Num. Alphanumeric Size Cap. Capacity x X x X x X x X x X x X Error Byte Correction Cap. Overhead % * Symbol size does not include quiet zone Quiet Zones for Data Matrix or QR Code All symbols SHALL include a quiet zone around the entire perimeter. The minimum quiet zone required for: Data Matrix is equal to the symbol element dimension. QR Code is four (4) times the symbol element dimension Code Configuration for Data Matrix and QR Code The character set for this application consists of: Uppercase alpha characters Numbers 0-9 DASH (-) PERIOD (.) B-4 21 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

24 DOLLAR SIGN ($) FORWARD SLASH (/) PLUS (+) PERCENT (%) UNDERSCORE ( _ ), SPACE character. The full ASCII character set SHALL NOT be used for data. However, the full ASCII character set is allowed in the Message Header, Message Trailer, and Field Separator area, as defined under ISO Error Correction Levels Error Correction Levels for Data Matrix Two error correction levels, ECC 100 and ECC 200, are approved for use in this standard. For new applications, ECC 200 is recommended and ECC 100 SHOULD be used only in closed applications with trading partner agreement. For some Direct Part Marking applications using manufacturing processes such as casting, shot peening and acids, ECC-100 may be used. See Section for guidance regarding data format Error Correction Levels for QR Code Error correction Level M is recommended in this standard. The customer and supplier SHALL agree on the Error Correction selection based on the technical attributes of the application. The error correction levels for QR Code are as follows: Error correction level L (approximately 7%) is appropriate for high symbol quality and / or the need for the smallest possible symbol for given data. Level M (approximately 15%) is described as Standard level and offers a good compromise between small size and increased reliability. Level Q (approximately 25%) is a High reliability level and suitable for more critical or poor print quality applications. Level H (approximately 30%) offers the maximum achievable reliability Reflectivity and Contrast for Data Matrix and QR Code To ensure reading efficiency, a minimum contrast corresponding to grade C, as defined by the ISO/IEC Symbology Specification for each symbology, is required between the reflectance value of an element and the substrate surface; as measured by the minimum dark and the maximum light elements within a given symbol; as measured at the mutually agreed-upon customer point of use. B-4 22 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

25 6.1.6 Quality Control Requirements Print Quality for Data Matrix and QR Code on Labels The ISO / IEC (Print Quality Test Specification Two-dimensional symbols), ISO / IEC (Data Matrix), and ISO / IEC (QR Code) SHALL be used to determine Data Matrix and QR Code print quality on a label. The print quality SHALL be measured at the mutually agreed-upon customer point of use. Table 7. Data Matrix and QR Code Print Quality 2D Size Classification Note: Grade includes contrast. Minimum Allowable Grade Recommended Grade C D B D C B E C B Note: Verification techniques described in ISO/IEC SHOULD be used to determine print quality for Data Matrix and QR Code symbols on labels. The Symbol Quality parameters in Table 7 ensure readability over a broad range of environments. In addition, it is recommended that quality measurements be taken under consistent conditions; for example, with the same lighting and on the same surface the label will be attached to. The grades shown in Table 7 are the result of specific measurements made according to the AIM International Symbology Specification Document quality definition for: symbol decode symbol contrast symbol print symbol axial non-uniformity symbol error correction Direct-Part-Mark (DPM) Quality for Data Matrix and QR Code Directly marked symbols used in applications between trading partners SHALL follow mutually agreed-upon documented processes. B-4 23 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

26 6.1.7 Data Format for Data Matrix and QR Code The data format to be used within the Data Matrix or QR Code symbol SHALL be format 06 as defined under ISO Transfer Syntax for High Capacity ADC Media and ANSI MH Two Dimensional Symbols with Unit Loads and Transport Packages. Note: In closed applications and with trading partner agreement, adherence to ISO and ANSI MH is not required. Format 06 requires the use of a Data Identifier (DI) for every data field. Data Identifiers SHALL NOT be duplicated within a single format envelope. An example of this format is shown in Table 8 below. The data fields shown in the following example are for illustration only and SHOULD NOT be construed as specifications. Table 8. Example Data Format for Data Matrix or QR Code Header Data Identifier Information Content [)> R S06 G S P Customer-defined Part Number or Code 12V Manufacturer s Site DUNS Number 1T Supplier-defined Traceability Code Note: G S G S Data Field Separator R S E OT Trailer The last data field in a Format Envelope is not to be followed by G S but by the Format Trailer R S. The last format envelope in the message is to be followed by the Message Trailer E O T. The position of data fields in a Format Envelope (the order in which data appear) is not important Data Matrix Header and Trailer Macro Codewords Data Matrix provides a means of abbreviating the header and trailer in one symbol character. This feature exists to reduce the number of symbol characters needed to encode data in a symbol using certain structured formats. The Macro character applies only when in the first symbol character position. The header will be transmitted as a prefix to the data stream and the trailer will be transmitted as a suffix to the data stream. B-4 24 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

27 Table 9. Macro Functions for Data Matrix Macro Codeword Name Interpretation Header Trailer Macro [)> R S06 G S R E S OT Data Length for Data Matrix and QR Code To select the 2D Size Classification to be specified (C, D or E as stated in Table 5 for Data Matrix, Section 6.1.1), check Table 10 or Table 11 against the combination of the following: the number of characters to be encoded the maximum marking space available To select the maximum element size to be used, check Table 10 or Table 11 against the combination of the following: the number of characters to be encoded the 2D Size Classification specified by the customer Table 10. Maximum Characters for Given Symbol Sizes for Data Matrix ECC 100 and ECC 200 ECC 100 ECC 200 Size Class *Available Mark Space Element Size Matrix Size Rows & Columns Characters (Maximum) Matrix Size Rows & Columns Characters (Maximum) C x x C x x C x x C x x D x x D x x D x x D x x D x x D x x D x x E x x E x x E x x E x x E x x E x x * Including quiet zone B-4 25 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

28 Note 1: ECC 100 and ECC 200 are two error correction levels available whose recommended uses are explained in Section Note 2: The total number of characters required for the header and trailer of an ECC 100 symbol is nine (9), i.e., header of [)> R S06 G S and a trailer of R S E O T. however, the header and trailer of an ECC 200 symbol may be condensed to a single (1) character, as outlined in Consequently, the number of characters available in ECC 100 is diminished by nine (9) characters from the number shown in Table 10 and the number of characters available in ECC 200 is diminished by one (1) character from the number shown in Table 10. Size Clas s Table 11. Maximum Characters for Given Symbol Sizes for QR Code *Available Mark Space Eleme nt Size QR Code Error Correction Level M Characters (Maximum for alphanumeric) Matrix Size Rows & Columns C x C x C x C x D x D x D x D x D x D x D x D x D x D x D x E x E x E x E x E x * Including quiet zone **Characters (Maximum for full ASCII) ** The user must remember to account for the header, data identifiers, data, data field separators, and trailer when calculating the number of characters needed for the symbol. Note 1: The total number of characters required for the header and trailer of a QR Code symbol is nine (9), i.e., header of [)> R S06 G S and a trailer of R S E O T. Consequently, the number of characters available is diminished by nine (9) characters from the number shown in Table 11. B-4 26 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

29 6.1.9 Human Translation for Data Matrix and QR Code Because 2D symbols are capable of encoding thousands of data characters, a human- readable interpretation (HRI) of the data characters may not be practical. As an alternative, descriptive text, or Human Translation (HT), rather than literal text may accompany the symbol. (See Human-Readable Interpretation and Human Translation.) A HRI or HT of the message may be printed anywhere in the area surrounding the symbol but SHOULD NOT interfere with the symbol or the quiet zones. The Message Header, Data Field Separator, and Message Trailer characters SHALL NOT appear in the HRI or HT. The HRI or HT SHALL appear adjacent to the 2D symbol and SHALL be consistent on any part or unit pack. The Data Identifier, when included in the HRI, SHALL be shown in parentheses to distinguish the DI from the data element. The font size and type may vary due to the many types and sizes of substrates but must be mutually agreed upon by both trading partners Symbol Layout for Data Matrix and QR Code Layout and location of symbols will depend on available marking space. A supplier, with agreement from the customer, SHOULD construct a layout most suitable for the product. However, it SHOULD be noted that for individual part marking, the location and orientation of the symbol may be critical to applications using automated fixed mount scanners. The following examples are shown for illustration only and are not to be construed as specifications. B-4 27 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

30 Figure 6. Example of a Part with a Data Matrix Symbol Figure 7. Example of Data Matrix Subpack or Unit Pack Identification and Tracking Symbol B-4 28 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

31 Figure 8. Example of a Part with a QR Code Symbol Figure 9. Example of QR Code Subpack or Unit Pack Identification and Tracking Marking Symbol (P) (V)12345 (1T) Note: 2D Symbol examples are not to actual size or densities B-4 29 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

32 7.0 REFERENCES ANSI MH , R2001 Data/Application Identifier Standard ANSI MH Two Dimensional Symbols with Unit Loads and Transport Packages ISO/IEC CD Information technology Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques- Bar Code Symbol Print Quality Test Specification Two-dimensional symbols ISO/IEC Information technology Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques Bar Code Symbol Print Quality Test Specification Linear symbols ISO/IEC Information Technology Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques Bar Code Symbology Specification Code 128 ISO/IEC15418 EA/UCC Application Identifiers and Fact Data Identifiers and Maintenance ISO/IEC Syntax for High Capacity ADC Media ISO/IEC Information Technology International symbology specification - Data Matrix ISO/IEC Information Technology Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques Bar Code Symbology Specification - Code 39 ISO/IEC Information Technology Automatic Identification and Data Capture Techniques Bar Code Symbology QR Code B-4 30 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

33 APPENDIX A. TYPICAL DATA IDENTIFIERS ANSI MH defines more than one hundred Data Identifiers for many purposes in many industries. AIAG endorses the use of these Data Identifiers. The following table includes some of the DIs in ANSI MH used in the automotive industry. Table 12. Common Data Identifiers Used in the Automotive Industry DI Description B Container Type (internally assigned or mutually defined) 1B Returnable container identification code assigned by the container owner or the appropriate regulatory agency (e.g., a metal tub, basket, reel, unit load device (ULD), trailer, tank, or intermodal container) (excludes gas cylinders) (See "2B.") 2B Gas Cylinder Container Identification Code assigned by the manufacturer in conformance with U.S. Department of Transportation (DoT) standards D Date, in the format YYMMDD 1D Date in the format DDMMYY 2D Date in the format MMDDYY I U.S. Vehicle Identification Number K Order number assigned by Customer to identify a Purchasing Transaction (e.g., purchase order number) 1L Location (generic) 4L Country of Origin two-character code from the ISO 3166 standard country code list 20L 24L Additional location numbers. The exact meaning of each DI is assigned internally. This set of DIs could be used for a hierarchy of locations; for example: BUILDING (20L); BAY (21L); SHELF (23L); BIN (24L). P Item Identification Code assigned by Customer 1P Item Identification Code assigned by Supplier 2P Code assigned to specify the revision level of the part (e.g., Engineering Change Level, revision or edition) 25P Identification of a party to a transaction as identified in 18V, followed by the supplier assigned part number Q Quantity, Number of Pieces, or Amount (numeric only) (unit of measure and significance mutually defined. Quantity typically assumed pieces unless otherwise specified. 1Q Theoretical Length / Weight (numeric only) (historically used in the shipment of primary metals) 2Q Actual Weight (numeric only) B-4 31 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

34 - DI Description 7Q Quantity and unit of measure in the format: Quantity followed by the two-character Unit of Measure code as defined in Data Element number 355 of the ANSI X12.3 Data Element Dictionary standard S Serial Number assigned by Supplier to an entity for its lifetime 3S Unique Package Identification assigned by Supplier (lowest level of packaging which has a package ID code; SHALL contain like items) 4S Package Identification assigned by Supplier to master packaging containing like items on a single customer order. (Container Serial Number assigned by Supplier to a Master pack) (Master label serial number) 5S Package Identification assigned by Supplier to master packaging containing unlike items on a single customer order. (Container Serial Number assigned by Supplier to a Mixed pack) (Mixed Load label serial number) 9S Generic Package Identification, significance mutually agreed to by Customer and Supplier 10S Machine, work cell or tool ID code 11S Fixed Asset ID Code 15S Serial Number assigned by Supplier Entity that can only be used in conjunction with 13V 19S Combined Dun & Bradstreet company identification of the supplier followed by a unique package identification assigned by the supplier, in the format nn nn+nn n where a plus symbol (+) is used as a delimiter between the DUNS Number and unique package identification. 25S Identification of a party to a transaction as identified in 18V, followed by the supplier assigned serial number. T Traceability number assigned to a unique batch or group of items (lot, heat, batch) by the Customer 1T Traceability number assigned to a unique batch or group of items (lot, heat, batch) by the Supplier / Manufacturer V Supplier Code assigned by the Customer 12V DUNS number identifying Manufacturer 14V DUNS number of the Customer 18V Identification of a party to a transaction in which the data format consists of two concatenated segments. The first segment is the unique code assigned to an issuing agency by NNI in accordance with ISO/IEC 15459; the second segment is a unique entity identification assigned in accordance with rules established by the issuing agency W Work Order Number (e.g., "Production Paper") (internally assigned) Z Mutually defined between Customer and Supplier (title to reflect mutually agreed-to meaning) B-4 32 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

35 ABOUT AIAG Purpose Statement To provide an open forum where members cooperate in developing and promoting solutions that enhance the prosperity of the automotive industry. Our focus is to continuously improve business processes and practices involving trading partners throughout the supply chain. Core Values People Our strength comes from passionate and personally committed volunteers and staff. We provide an environment of integrity, trust, teamwork, and mutual respect to foster open, frank communication as we achieve consensus on industry needs and solutions. Innovation With a sense of urgency, we drive and support the development and implementation of common, leading-edge solutions that provide value to the automotive industry and its customers. Excellence We provide quality and excellence in all we do and how we do it. We do what s right for the industry! AIAG Organization AIAG is made up of a board of directors, an executive director, associate directors, a full-time staff, and volunteers serving on project teams. Under the direction of the executive director, associate directors along with the managing director, department managers, and program managers, plan, direct, and coordinate the association s activities. The executive director and loaned executives are on loan from member companies for varied lengths of time. AIAG Projects Volunteer committees focus on business processes or supporting technologies and methodologies. They conduct research and develop, publish, and provide training on standards, conventions, standard business practices, white papers, and guidelines in the areas of automatic identification, CAD/CAM, EDI/electronic commerce, continuous quality improvement, materials and project management, returnable containers and packaging systems, and transportation/customs. AIAG - An Association Fostering Total Supply Chain Partnering Automotive Industry Action Group Lahser Road, Suite 200 Southfield, MI Phone: (248) Orders: (248) Fax: (248) B-4 33 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03

36 MAINTENANCE REQUEST Note: All AIAG publications are reviewed periodically. Complete form and return it to the Volunteer Programs Department Manager for consideration. Name of Submitter: Date: Company: Company Address: Phone: Fax: Page Number of Change: Document Currently Reads: MAINTENANCE REQUEST (Use additional sheets if necessary) Recommended Changes/SHOULD Read: Recommended Additions: Reason for Change: Signature of Submitter: DISPOSTION (AIAG use only) Completed forms are filed in the final document maintenance file. Program Owner Assigned to: Log #: Program Owner s Recommendation: Final Disposition: Comments: Automotive Industry Action Group Lahser Road Suite 200 Southfield, MI Telephone: (248) Fax: (248) VP-MR Revision: 04 Dated: 05/11/01 B-4 34 Issue: 03 Dated: 2/03