Emergency preparedness and response in case of nuclear and radiological events on-site or off-site and the experience of RODOS system application

Transcription

1 Emergency preparedness and response in case of nuclear and radiological events on-site or off-site and the experience of RODOS system application Tetiana Kutuzova Head of Emergency Preparedness and Radiation Protection Division of the Department on Nuclear Facility Safety of the SNRIU

2 CONTENTS Introduction and general information Preparedness and response on-site of NPP Unified State System on Civil Protection Experience of RODOS application Challenges Conclusions 2

3 In Ukraine 15 nuclear power units are in operation at 4 NPPs sites (2 VVER-440, 13VVER-1000 with total installed capacity of 13,835 MW) and 2 research reactors Nuclear fuel has been completely removed from 3 units of Chernobyl NPP. With the international support, New Safe Confinement (Arch) has been built over the 4th unit destroyed as a result of the Chornobyl accident. 3

4 According to IAEA safety standards, emergency preparedness and response for nuclear or radiation incidents is one of 10 fundamental safety principles. Принцип 9 Аварийная готовность и регирование According to the defence in depth concept, emergency preparedness and response is the fifth, final, level of the concept realisation aimed at mitigation of radiological consequences of radioactive releases. 4

5 GOAL OF EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS to ensure that an adequate capability is in place within the operating organization and at local, regional and national levels and, where appropriate, at the international level, for an effective response in a nuclear or radiological emergency. This capability relates to an integrated set of infrastructural elements: authority and responsibilities; organization and staffing; coordination; plans and procedures; tools, equipment and facilities; training, drills and exercises; a management system..

6 GOALS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE to regain control of the situation; to save lives; to avoid or to minimize severe deterministic effects; to render first aid, to provide medical treatment and to manage the treatment of radiation injuries; to reduce the risk of stochastic effects; to keep the public informed and to maintain public trust; to mitigate non-radiological consequences; to protect property and the environment; to prepare for the resumption of normal social and economic activity. 6

7 REQUIREMENTS ARE SPECIFIED IN: IAEA International Conventions Law of Ukraine On the Use of Nuclear Energy and Radiation Protection Code of Ukraine on Civil Protection Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine General Provisions on NPP Safety Radiation Emergencies Response Plan Standard NPP emergency plan NPP emergency plan Requirements to Internal and External NPP Emergency Centers 7

8 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FOR ON-SITE According to international practice and national legislation, responsibility for safety of nuclear installations in all modes of operation and in case of accidents is imposed on the operator operating organization. In Ukraine, it is a State enterprise National Nuclear Energy Generating Company "Energoatom" which operates 4 NPPs and 2 special enterprises "Emergency and Technical Center (ETC) and "AtomRemontServis (ARS). The system of emergency preparedness of "Energoatom" consists of two interrelated levels: Company NPP 8

9 MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMISSION ON EMERGENCY OF THE DIRECTORATE OF THE NNEGC "ENERGOATOM" Mobilization of resources of the operating organization to assist the NPP in emergency Coordination of actions of ETC and ARS subdivisions on providing assistance to the NPP in emergency Organization of an emergency assistance to the NPP in emergency from the The Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine and others central executive agencies Interaction with the SNRIU, the Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry of Ukraine, the State EmergencyService of Ukraine and others central executive agencies

10 EMERGENCY PLANS Radiation Emergencies Response Plan Emergency Response Plan of the Directorate of NNEGC "Energoatom" Standard emergency plan for Ukrainian NPPs NPP Emergency Plan

11 NPP Emergency Plan responsibility for the management of emergency operations; obligation to inform the regulatory authorities, public administration, public; duties and responsibilities for decision-making on intervention; typical scenarios of possible accidents; procedures for sharing information between the forces of emergency response; methods and scope of radiation monitoring; dose planning for emergency workers; assessment of accidental releases and discharges; creation and maintenance of emergency stocks; radiation protection of the personnel, population and environment 11

12 General order of actions at NPP in emergency Revealing emergency symptoms Classification of emergency Notification Urgent and protective measures Commissioning emergency plans Gathering NPP s emergency groups and brigades Activation of emergency centres Sending emergency groups and brigades to the NPP Emergency management and consequences mitigation Measures on protection and medical aid Cooperation with external organisations Cancel the actions according to emergency plans 12

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14 Unified State System on Civil Protection Functional subsystems are created by central bodies of executive power, for example Ministry of Energy and Coal Industry - subsystem on Safety of electricity and nuclear-industrial complex; SNRIU - subsystem on Safety of Nuclear Energy. Territorial subsystem are created within the borders of the administrative territorial units - regions and districts of Ukraine, part of the territory of which belongs to the zone of observation of NPP. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine ensure coordination of central and local authorities to protect the population by convocation of the Interagency Crisis Headquarter 14

15 Functional subsystem on Safety of Nuclear Energy establish safety criteria; development of rules and regulations on NRS and physical protection; licensing of the use of nuclear energy; state supervision of compliance with safety and security rules and regulations ; monitoring of implementation of measures to prevent accidents at nuclear energy; notification and information about radiation accidents, including those outside the country, other events that may have an impact on nuclear safety and societal concerns

16 Functional subsystem on Safety of Nuclear Energy at the site level functions provided by inspection of nuclear safety at nuclear power plants - 5 NPP sites; at the regional level by Regional Inspectorate for nuclear and radiation safety - in 7 regions; at the state level - the structural units of the SNRIU headquarter (regulation, licensing and supervision); experts included into the main an 2 backup teams of the SNRIU Information and Emergency Centre

17 The SNRIU functions in the sphere of emergency preparedness and response functions of the national competent body in the framework of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident; functions of the single national warning point in in the framework of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency; international exchange of information about nuclear events in the framework of the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES); early notification, through the mass media, on radiation accidents within and outside the territory of Ukraine in case of possible transboundary transfer of radioactive elements.

18 The Information and Emergency Center (IEC) was established to support the SNRIU functions

19 IEC system of communication with NPPs The system is used: for 24-hour/7-dау on-line communication; routine operation, incidents, emergency exercises Requirements for communication: reliability; efficiency; redundancy.

20 Assessment and prediction of the situation InterRass JRODOS HotSpot SPD NPP Mobile Laboratory RanidSONNI

21 Decision Support Systems Within the NPP surveillance zones (0.5% of the country, about 1% of the population) complex analysis of dosimetric of the situation - КАДО - product of the Institute of Radiation Protection of Ukraine КАДО is based on using Gaussmodel that adequately describes the distribution of the substance in the horizontal direction. To calculate the vertical profile КАДО is applicable only to short distances. 21

22 Implementation of the JRODOS system in Ukraine Real-time On-line DecisiOn Support System for off-site emergency management in Europe RODOS. EC took decision on RODOS development in 1991 based of the analysis of Chornobyl experience. JRODOS redesigned Java-version of RODOS developed jointly by UCEWP/KIT teams. Multi-user operation in national/regional emergency centres for off-site nuclear emergency management (distributed system). Provision of information for decision-making on local/national/regional/european scales, in the early and later phases of an accident, for all relevant emergency actions and countermeasures. Wide IT applicability - HP-UX and Linux (RODOS), Microsoft Windows, Linux and Mac OS (JRodos).

23 Challenges The hazard assessment shall include: еvents that could affect a facility or activity, including events of low probability and events not considered in the design; events involving a combination of nuclear or radiological emergency with a conventional emergency such as emergency following an earthquake, severe weather or civil disturbances that could affect wide areas and/or could impair capabilities to provide support in the emergency response; events that could affect several facilities and activities concurrently; events at facilities in other States or events involving activities in other State. Review of threat assessment results for the security purposes is a component of the threat assessment (INSAG-24).

24 Conclusions Preventing and limiting the impact of emergencies is provided: design nuclear power plant and construction quality; compliance with operating regulations and licensing requirements; systems management and quality assurance; independent verification; qualifications and training of staff; lead managers; constant training; analysis of other accidents lessons; reassessment of the hazards and risk; public communication and knowledge of the nature of radiation 24