Sustainable transport and mobility: trends and challenges

Transcription

1 Sustainable transport and mobility: trends and challenges Presentation to the IRF Summit 2013 Miodrag Pesut UNECE 11 December, 2013

2 Who we are and what we do - One of the five Regional Commissions of the United Nations - Three pillars: regulatory work, technical assistance and analytical work - Regulatory work - we are the center of international inland transport agreements with over 5000 experts involved: - road, rail, inland water and inter-modal transport agreements; - vehicle regulations - norms and standards for safer and cleaner vehicles; - transport and packaging of dangerous goods and dangerous substances. - Some of the conventions, agreements and other legal instruments are global (road safety, vehicle regulations, dangerous goods, harmonization of frontier control of goods). - Private sector involvement brings growth and dynamism.

3 The use of UN transport conventions Jean-Claude Schneuwly UNECE - Slide 3

4 Technical assistance activities - several global and inter-continental capacity building projects: The EATL project; setting road safety targets; For Future Inland Transport Systems (ForFITS), New project to facilitate transit and border crossing for goods transport through customs to customs information exchange; Analytical work - publications are closely linked to the regulatory, norm and standard setting activities. Orange book, the best seller of the UN; Transport for sustainable Development Transport and Competitiveness ; Most of the publications are written by the secretariat with inputs by governments.

5 Impact on daily life of people - E- road networks, recognizes this! -Road and traffic signs, help us navigate in road traffic irrespective in which country we drive; - Promotion of Public Transport - More environmentally balanced modal split with a greater share of railways and inland water transport - Traffic safety, is the UN Decade of Action. 1.3 million fatalities annually worldwide! Our objective is to save 5 million lives during this decade! -The Green Card that offers third party liability scheme and the International driver permit are also our products! - Global Vehicles Regulations, norms and standards for safer and cleaner vehicles produced in UNECE 140 modifications are made annually!

6 Impact on daily life of businesses There are certain instruments that are meant exclusively to support international freight transport: - like the TIR system, - the rules and regulations on the transport of dangerous goods and perishable cargoes, -the CMR Convention on the contractual relationship between the shipper and the road transport operator - or the Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Control of Goods which is today the only multilateral agreement on border crossing facilitation. Unfortunately this direct impact on daily life of people and businesses is often left unnoticed.

7 Trend drivers for future mobility Global megatrends Technological innovations Global policy considerations e.g. combined impact of globalisation, demographic changes, and urbanisation e.g. ITS may lead to institutional changes in transport sector management e.g. safe and clean vehicles

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9 In 2050, it is expected that 70% of the world population will live in urban areas In 2050, 85% of the world s 9 billion people will live in today s developing countries

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11 Vehicle ownership is rising at a rate of 15-20% annually in much of the developing world

12 Average mobility (km/day) per person in France Average mobility (km/day) per person in France Source: Grübler (1990), cited by Bleijenberg (forthcoming)

13 North Americans travel: average of 40 miles/day (car and plane) emit: 6 tonnes of transport-related CO2 a year Brazilians travel: average of 7 miles/day (car and bus) emit: 0.7 tonnes of transportrelated CO2 a year Tanzanians travel: average of 3 miles/day (foot, bus and bicycle) emit: 0. 1 tonnes of transportrelated CO2 a year

14 Transportation uses ½ of the world s petroleum production and produces 20% of GHG emissions

15 Urban air pollution causes 800,000 premature deaths each year. In the most heavily polluted cities, economic losses from air pollution are estimated to reach 10% of GDP

16 Around 1.3 million people are killed and 50 million injured in road accidents, most of them in developing countries Motor vehicle crashes and the resulting injuries and fatalities impose a huge cost on society. The oftenoverlooked economic impact of crashes is over US$230 billion annually. Jill Ingrassia, Managing Director, Government Relations & Traffic Safety Advocacy, AAA

17 It costs $1000 to ship a 20 foot container to the UK from Accra, Ghana, but $2300 to transport the same container next door to Liberia.

18 What are the critical issues in transport? - Congestion increasingly congested facilities across all modes - Energy, environment and climate change extraordinary challenges - Infrastructure enormous aging capital stock to maintain - Finance inadequate revenues - Equity burden on the disadvantaged - Emergency response, preparedness, and mitigation vulnerability to natural disasters and terrorist strikes - Safety insufficient improvement - Institutions 20th century institutions mismatched to 21st century missions - Human and intellectual capital inadequate investment in innovation

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20 Sustainable mobility: The ability to meet society s desires and needs to move freely, gain access, communicate, trade and establish relationships without sacrificing other essential human or ecological values, today or in the future (WBCSD 2004)

21 Pillars of sustainable transport development Access Affordability Safety Emissions Economic Social Environmental

22 How must transport change to improve sustainability? provide diversity be integrated be comprehensively and inclusively planned be affordable be safe be resource (energy and land) efficient be efficiently priced and prioritized operate efficiently land use need to be made accessible (smart growth)

23 What innovations in policy, technology and service provision are needed to encourage cleaner, more reliable transport services? 1. Promote decoupling of carbon dioxide emissions from economic growth 2. Better coordination between different modes of transport to improve the efficiency and reliability of the transport system 3. Develop a policy instruments, such as planning and regulation; incentives and disincentives; 4. Rise awareness about the importance of benefits of low carbon sustainable transport policies, (air pollution abatement, enhanced health protection, reduced congestion, diminished accident rates, improved productivity and increased energy security) 5. Promote effective financing of low carbon sustainable transport systems and develop new models of transport sector funding mechanisms

24 6. Provide adequate policy support and fiscal and financial incentives for better quality transport services and infrastructure 7. Use various fiscal policy tools and options to promote sustainability in transport 8. Better demand management and land use planning to lower traffic volumes 9. Road pricing and the removal of distortions in taxation 10. Organize more efficiently the interface points between long distance and lastmile freight transport 11. Reduce vehicle size and weight 12. New engines, materials and design; cleaner energy, better use of ICT systems 13. Fuel efficiency standards and quality

25 Thank you for your attention Jean-Claude Schneuwly UNECE - Slide 25