Prof. T. G. SITHARAM

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1 Prof. T. G. SITHARAM Chairman, Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable Transport and Urban Planning (CiSTUP), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

2 Growth of the Urban Population Sao paulo The United Nations projected that more than half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2015 Urbanization will be mainly in less developed regions of the world; Very slow in the more developed regions With an estimated population of 1.2 billion, India s urban population is growing at >30% More Mega Cities

3 GROWTH OF URBAN REGIONS IN THE LAST HALF CENTURY

4 Growth of Mega Cities More than 10 Million people Number in 2001 = 19 Number in 2015 = 60 URBAN AGGLOMERATION MegaCities Mean Huge Infrastructure and transport problems Hong Kong-Shenhzen-Guangzhou, China, home to about 120 million people; Nagoya-Osaka-Kyoto-Kobe, Japan, expected to grow to 60 million people by 2015; Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo region with 43 million people in Brazil. Mumbai-Delhi region much bigger West Africa: 600km of urbanisation linking Nigeria, Benin, Togo and Ghana, and 4 driving the entire region's economy;

5 How many cities in India? The big picture About a quarter of India's population is urban At least 23 Indian cities have over million residents. 3 cities have > 10 million residents 200 cities with > population. more than 5000 cities in India with Population > 5000 (does not indicate urban agglomeration populations) But not many institutions to think and speak on how cities and transportation can go in an organic and integrated fashion. Poor facilities-story is of ad hoc grafting in cities. It is a tribute to India that it is still working! Many tier II cities in all the states are urbanizing and growing rapidly drawing lots of people from villages nearby with 5 increased access to jobs and urban facilities

6 How to make our city smarter the traditional "bricks-and-mortar" drivers of economic growth are giving way to an economy based on "brains and creativity. Making cities more instrumented, interconnected and intelligent isn't the only way to make our city smarter. It is about recognizing that many of the challenges we face in making a smarter planet are centered on creating sustainable cities. Cities symbolize and centralize so many aspects of what will make for a smarter planet: smarter education, smarter healthcare, smarter water and energy use, smarter public safety, smarter transportation, and smarter government Ref:

7 An approach to inclusive and sustainable cities a smart city will be a city whose community has learned to learn, adapt and innovate. The move towards social sustainability can be seen in the integration of e- participation techniques such as online consultation and deliberation over proposed service changes to support the participation of users as citizens in the democratization of decisions taken about future levels of provision Bangalore which is a good example in this direction

8 SMART CITY A Smart City is a city well performing in a forward-looking way in six characteristics (smart.. economy, people, governance, mobility, environment, living), built on the smart combination of endowments and activities of selfdecisive, independent and aware citizens (Giffinger et al, 2007). A smart city will be a city whose community has learned to learn, adapt and innovate.

9 Smart cities identified dimensions Characteristics of a smart city SMART PEOPLE SMART ECONOMY SMART LIVING SMART MOBILITY SMART GOVERN -ANCE SMART ENVIRO- NMENT ^ Giffinger, Rudolf; Christian Fertner, Hans Kramar, Robert Kalasek, Nataša Pichler-Milanovic, Evert Meijers (2007). "Smart cities Ranking of European medium-sized cities". Vienna: Centre of Regional Science. Retrieved

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11 Oct 2007 Smart cities Ranking of European medium-sized cities, 2007 Report of Centre of Regional Science at the Vienna University of Technology and others

12 SMART CITIES in India Dholera is just one of the greenfield cities that India hopes to build in the next few years. The first of these cities would come up in Dholera investment region in Gujarat, 110 km from Ahmedabad. The Vijaynagar Area Development Authority in Karnataka has roped in the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology as architects for developing a new city in Karnataka. Eco-friendly cities along the Dedicated Freight corridor (DFC) between Delhi and Mumbai will pass through six states Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra are being planned. DMICDC and the state governments of Haryana, Gujarat and Maharashtra, and Japanese consultants have a memorandum of understanding (MoU) for pilot projects in areas such as the Manesar-Bawal region (Haryana), the Sendra industrial region (Maharashtra), and Dahej and Changodar (Gujarat).

13 200 Smart Cities around Hyderabad Federation of Andhra Pradesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (Fapcci) has announced development of 200 `smart cities' to help decongest the city of Hyderabad to a large extent in The model was presented at a seminar on `Urban infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh' organized by Fapcci. Several steps were being taken to improve the Hyderabad city's civic amenities and infrastructure. Better road network, improved power and water supply and waste removal system were among the areas

14 URBAN MOBILITY Traditional transport planning aims to improve mobility, especially for vehicles, and may fail to adequately consider wider impacts. The real purpose of transport is to provide access for the citizens to work, education, friends and family, and goods and services. A sustainable transport system is one that is accessible, safe, environmentally-friendly, and affordable. Cities should improve the sustainability of their transport networks to create more vibrant, livable, sustainable cities.

15 Why Urban Mobility Matters? Citizens expect high levels of mobility. Sustainable urban mobility is essential for: Guaranteeing citizens a high quality of accessibility and life Facilitating economic development of cities, thus helping growth and employment Respecting the environment and ensuring sustainable development

16 INDIA AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY About 8 Mega cities (>10 million) by Many tier II & III cities in all the states are urbanizing and growing rapidly drawing lots of people from villages /elsewhere with increased access to jobs and urban facilities Motor vehicles: 12 motor vehicles per 100 persons. In Automotive industry, India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India manufactures over 11 million 2 and 4-wheeled vehicles and exports about 1.5 million every year. Tata Motors began selling its "one-lakh car" in March, The cheapest car in the world today will increase the car ownership- One study, by Indian rating agency CRISIL, thought the Nano would expand the nation's car market by 65% As of 2009, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles and more than 2.6 million cars were sold in India in 2009 (an increase of 26%), Number of cars sold : (1975) 26,00,000 (2010) Number of car models: 3 (1975) 50+ (in 2010)] Price of Petrol: Rs 3.39 per liter (1975) Rs 55 per liter (2010) 16

17 CHALLENGES FACED BY CITIES Congestion Increase of traffic in urban areas is causing congestion - this costs to citizens and businesses Parking Major problem Portion of road is occupied by Parking Energy consumption Urban mobility - faced by the domination of oil as a transport fuel. Climate change Urban mobility accounts for 40% of all CO2 emissions of road transport. Health issues towns and cities face increasing air pollution and noise problems, which impact on citizens health. Safety and security road fatalities take place in urban areas - pedestrians and cyclists are the most vulnerable victims.

18 Impact of Global Economic Change Urbanization, More cars & other vehicles, pollution, congestion, infrastructure development 18

19 Road Congestion Problems of Transport parking Accidents Increasing Traffic intensity

20 Other Urban Issues Water Urban Sprawl Urban Flooding Air Pollution Garbage Disposal

21 BANGALORE METROPOLITAN REGION BMRDA Area: 8005 sq.kms Urban: 2191 sq.kms Population: 8.4 million in BBMP area (800 sq.km). Vehicle Population: 3.89 million as on March million daily vehicle trips in K.Ms road length BMTC : Buses : 6083 Routes operated : 5890 Total Trip Lengths : Lakh km Total Trips : 79,754 Passengers carried : 4.2 million passengers per day. 583 city and 1785 sub urban routes, running 13 lakhs kilometers and making trips Metro Rail: 42 Kms under construction at the cost of Rs 8158 Crores. Estimated passengers per day: 16.1 lakh (2021) Mono Rail: Feasibility study Kms Commuter rail: Under discussion with Indian railways Number of Auto rickshaw s 100,000 Modal Share: PT: 30%; 2-W: Radio taxis / cabs 21.4%;Cars: 4.5%;Walk: 34.5% Cycle: Car Pool / Car Sharing 4%(source: CTTS) ( Shared Taxis/ Autos

22 Airport Link Mono Rail/LRT system Commuter Rail Core Ring Road Outer Ring Road Metro Phase 2 & 3 BRT System Periphe ral Ring Road Comprehensive Traffic and transport System for Bangalore

23 Major road widening project in and around Bangalore - executed by the state PWD with a cost of about Rs 1,000 crores. - a total of 46 roads were widened under this project, ROAD NETWORK IN AND AROUND BANGALORE

24 Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corpn. BMTC leads by example in being the only Bus Corporation within the city of Bangalore to ferry more than 4 million commuters Organization comprises a fleet of over 6000 buses covering an area encompassed with a radius of 42 kilometers from the city centre. In a day BMTC operates on 583 city and 1785 sub urban routes, running 13 lakhs kilometers and making trips The corporation also strives to bring about increased passenger comfort by integrating Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and Passenger Information system (PIS) in its daily operations. One of the few public sector undertakings which is making profits

25 Bangalore Metro I Phase (2 corridors double lines) covers ~42.30 km N-S corridor will be 24.2 km The E-W corridor will be km. Of the 42.3 km, 8.82 km will be Underground near City Centre & Railway Station and the rest will be elevated

26 Traffic Management Centre in Bangalore Traffic management centre 330 signals operational in the city of Bangalore vehicle actuated signals, direction boards, pedestrian components, disable friendly auditory signals. All of the signals are centrally controlled from traffic management centre (TMC) with IP based network Optimization of timing of signals and pattern Surveillance cameras and enforcement cameras Real time traffic information to public Parking information system Traffic helpline A High end software application Traffic Silverlight provides sophisticated GUI for monitoring and managing signals. Signal timings can be changed from the Traffic Management Centre as and when desired. Virtual loops with the help of CCTV cameras are also used for traffic control and monitoring.

27 Reasons for Unsustainable Transport Absence of a integrated city development strategies Need for Integrated Metropolitan Land transport authority Unsustainable transport policies driven by meeting demand by creating additional infrastructures (construction of underpasses, flyovers, road widening works, etc.) Governance problems where politics won over technocratic advice. Ineffective Integrated transport planning and modal connectivity's Little data about the success or failure of implementation in achieving policy goals

28 Planning Framework for Achieving Sustainable Urban Transport Vision for a livable city and city master plan Land use planning Transport master plan Design Integrated Transport Systems Public transport commuter rail, metro rail, mono rail, commuter rail, city buses, taxis, autos Intermodal Transportation Hubs to connect different modes Promotion of Walking and cycling Private vehicles Trucks and freight movement Analyses Political Economic Social Technical Environmental Implementation and Monitoring Technical support Stakeholder involvement Institutional setup Capacity Policies Financing

29 Urban Mobility in India - Needs Increase average speed of public transport buses Bus priority Lanes, Direction oriented services and BRT systems Transit planning / transportation hubs NMT policy and cycling routes (intermodal connectivity) Additional parking and development of parking policy Use of railways to move large section of urban population Metro rail, mono rail and commuter rail services to suburban areas Use of ITS to optimize the services and occupancy of vehicles Strategies to handle Traffic chaos of heterogeneous mix of bullock carts to Volvo buses Need for integrated study for city s traffic and transportation needs - Creation of Traffic Engineering Cell to collect necessary data Increase awareness about Safety on roads to common public Improvement of side walks - Integrating Hawkers and Vendors who have occupied the side walks Trees on Roads / pavements Some trees need to be cut for better visibility and mobility?? Driver education, safety and awareness programmes 29

30 Promote ITS, cleaner fuel & vehicle technologies for cities Projects to demonstrate best practices in sustainable transport Build capacity to plan for sustainable urban transport Ensure coordinated planning for urban transport National Urban Transport Policy Ensure integrated land use & transport planning People focused & equitable allocation of road space Innovative financing methods to raise resources Establish Regulatory mechanisms for a level playing field Strategies for parking space and freight traffic movements Investments in public transport & Non Motorized modes Ref: MOUD, Govt of India presentation

31 URBAN BUS TRANSPORT IS IMPORTANT AND HAS TO BE TRANSFORMED TO A LEVEL THAT IT CAN BE SOLD TO PUBLIC AS A BRANDED PRODUCT AIM TO REPLICATE DELHI METRO EXPERIENCE ON THE URBAN BUSES Ref: MOUD, Govt of India presentation

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33 Urban Transport-Metro Rail Projects The ministry supported the metro rail projects in the country in order to enable the high demand corridors in bigger cities to cater the public transport demand. About 80 kms of metro rail projects in Delhi with extension even up to NOIDA is under operations. Another more than 100 kms is under construction. Metro rail projects in Bangalore, Kolkata and Chennai are also being supported by GOI as joint ownership models with the concerned state governments. 20% Viability Gap Funding for Urban transport projects on PPP City Kms App. Cost (INR incrore) Delhi ,200 Mumbai ,400 Bangalore ,158 Kolkata ,874 Chennai ,600 Hyderabad ,400 Cochin ,900 Rs 90,000 Cr for about 500 kms, but can not cover entire demand Ref: MOUD, Govt of India presentation

34 NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY SHARED CARS / NMT POLICIES Shared taxis/autos Optimization of the use of private cars car sharing/car pools Promotion of walking and cycling SMARTER URBAN TRANSPORT High quality information for better mobility Intelligent transport systems and traffic management Smart charging Better organized freight transport ACCESSIBLE URBAN TRANSPORT Collective transport accessible and affordable for all citizens Interconnection of urban and sub-urban networks Co-modality: optimization and integration of transport modes GREENER TOWNS AND CITIES New technologies to increase energy efficiency, increased use of alternative fuels Green procurement Traffic restrictions and green zones Eco-driving SAFETY AND SECURITY IN URBAN TRANSPORT Safer behaviour, infrastructures and vehicles Cross-border enforcement of traffic sanctions Facing security as a growing threat A NEW CULTURE FOR URBAN MOBILITY Change of behaviour by Education, training and awareness raising, Supported by better data and information about urban mobility

35 Present Scenario Economic growth increasingly dependent on good transport connectivity and services Past policies, technological advances, market structure favourable to road and rail transport With advent of innovative business models, air transport also capturing bigger market for passenger transport although road and rail are primary transport modes Sectoral focus is evident in the planning of transport infrastructure Demand for transportation is growing at faster rate than supply of transport services Issues Availability of quality infrastructure and services for the existing demand There is no detailed plan and Integration of planning, industry location, agriculture policies with transport planning to create Strategic Master Plan for transport system Shortage of skilled manpower in transport sector and shortage of quality of data