Exposed 50 (a) 21 (b) 71 (a+b) Unexposed 238 (c) 524 (d) 762 (c+d) 288 (a+c) 545 (b+d) 833 (a+b+c+d) = ad/(b+1)(c+1) = (50)(524)/(22)(239) = 4.

Transcription

1 Questo 7. Cse Cotrol Expose 50 ( ( 7 ( Uexpose 38 ( 54 ( 76 ( 88 ( 545 ( 833 ( OR ˆ / (50(54/(( log ( OR ˆ.657 Vˆ r (log( OR ˆ / / / / /50 / /38 / % ofee tervl for log OR: log ( OR ˆ Z α ( Vˆ r (log( OR ˆ (.0737 (.49,.89 95% ofee tervl for OR: (e.49, e.89 (3.08, 8.93 Smll smple justmet: OR ˆ /(( (50(54/(( log( O Rˆ log((.5(.5/(.5(.5 log((50.5(54.5/(.5( Vˆ r ( log( O Rˆ /(.5 /(.5 /(.5 /(.5 /50.5 /.5 /38.5 / Smll smple 95% ofee tervl for log OR: log( O Rˆ Z α ( Vˆ r ( log( O Rˆ (.074 (.46,.694 Smll smple 95% ofee tervl for OR: (e.46, e.694 (3.05, 8.75 From the ofee tervl, whh oes NOT lue the ull vlue OR, we my fer tht there s some evee of ssoto etwee omss fuel exposure TB se sttus. The os rto of TB for expose ompre to uexpose vuls ws estmte s 5.4 (3.08, The fferee ssote wth the smll smple justmet s eglgle.

2 STATA. put se fuel out se fuel out e se fuel [freqout], wo (The wo (short for Woolf opto s eee here to get Stt to o the omprle lultos to ove fuel Proporto Expose Uexpose Totl Expose Cses Cotrols Totl Pot estmte [95% Cof. Itervl] Os rto (Woolf Attr. fr. ex (Woolf Attr. fr. pop h( 44.0 Pr>h Wthout the wo opto, Stt proves ext ofee tervls. se fuel [freqout] Proporto Expose Uexpose Totl Expose Cses Cotrols Totl Pot estmte [95% Cof. Itervl] Os rto (ext

3 Attr. fr. ex (ext Attr. fr. pop h( 44.0 Pr>h Questo 7.3 Alohol Cosumpto (gms/y Cses Cotrols > < ORˆ (96(666 (09( logorˆ log( Vr ˆ (logorˆ % Cofee Itervl for OR : logorˆ ± Z Vr( ˆ logor ˆ.730 ± (.39,.07 ( e.39, e.07 (4.00,7.95 H 0 : OR,.e., there s o ssoto etwee oesophgel er lohol osumpto (epeee H A : OR,.e., there s ssoto etwee oesophgel er lohol osumpto. χ os ( (995( ( ( ( ( (05(770(00( Ρ( χ > 0.6 < 0.000

4 So there s evee to suggest ssoto etwee lohol osumpto ee of oesophgel er. The OR for oesophgel er omprg hevy lohol osumers (>80 gms/y to lght lohol osumers (<80 gms/y ws estmte s 5.64 (3.97,7.9. ORˆ ( ( (96(666 (0( (logorˆ ( ( (96.5(666.5 log log.76 ( ( (09.5(04.5 Vr ˆ (logorˆ % Cofee Itervl for OR : (logorˆ ± Z Vr( ˆ log OR ˆ.76 ± (.38,.07 ( e.38, e.07 (3.97,7.9 The smll smple justmets re less th % the pot estmte of OR, mke o hge to the seo eml ple the ssote 95% ofee tervl. Here, the smple szes of ses otrols re lrge eough to gore smll smple justmets. STATA:. sply hpro(, e , wo Proporto Expose Uexpose Totl Expose Cses Cotrols Totl Pot estmte [95% Cof. Itervl] Os rto (Woolf Attr. fr. ex (Woolf Attr. fr. pop h( 0.6 Pr>h

5 . put se lohol out se lohol out e. se lohol [freqout], wo lohol Proporto Expose Uexpose Totl Expose Cses Cotrols Totl Pot estmte [95% Cof. Itervl] Os rto (Woolf Attr. fr. ex (Woolf Attr. fr. pop h( 0.6 Pr>h Questo 9. Low Iome Exposure Cse Cotrol Yes No Hgh Iome Exposure Cse Cotrol Yes 9 No Iome OR / / Low Hgh Totl The Os Rto for the low ome ssote wth omss fuel exposure s 4.38 for the low ome strtum, 3.75 for the hgh ome strtum. The

6 Mtel-Heszel estmtor ssote wth omss fuel exposure, otrollg for the two ome levels s OR^ 6.798/ Comprg ths juste estmte to the rue Os Rto (5.4 there oes pper to e pprele mout of ofoug of the exposure-sese reltoshp y ome. The rue juste os rtos ffer y pproxmtely 0%. Uer the ssumptos of the followg usl grph, the ome vrle fulflls rter requre for vrle to e ofouer (ome s ommo use of oth exposure sese. Iome Exposure Dsese The os rto of. reporte y the uthors fter justmet for ge, sex other vrles tes tht the rue os rto ws strogly ofoue y the presee of these other vrles (5.4. ffer y ~ 60%. STATA. put se expose ome out se expose ome out e. se expose [freqout], y(ome wo ome OR [95% Cof. Itervl] M-H Weght (Woolf (Woolf Crue (Woolf M-H ome Test of homogeety (M-H h( 0.07 Pr>h

7 Test tht ome OR : Mtel-Heszel h( 8.76 Pr>h Questo 9. Alohol Age 5-54 yers Cosumpto (gms/y Cses Cotrol > < Alohol Age yers Cosumpto (gms/y Cses Cotrol > < H 0 : Alohol osumpto oesophgel er re epeet, otrollg for ge. H A : Alohol osumpto oesophgel er re ot epeet, otrollg for ge. Cohr-Mtel-Heszel Test: Age yers ol yers ol Totl A V

8 χ ( P( χ ( > 98.7 < There s suffet evee to suggest ssoto etwee lohol osumpto oesophgel er, outg for the ofoug effet of ge. Summry Estmtes of the Os Rto: Woolf's Metho : log ORˆ log ( ( ( ( w Vr(log ORˆ log ORˆ W w w log ORˆ

9 Mtel - Heszel Metho : ORˆ w ORˆ w ORˆ w Woolf Mtel-Heszel Age logor w w logor OR I / I / Totl log( O Rˆ W ORˆ W 5.67 Vr ˆ (log ORˆ W w

10 ± ± W W OR Vr OR e e OR Vr Z OR ˆ (log ˆ (3.943,8.037, ( OR : for Itervl 95% Cofee (.37, ˆ (log ˆ ˆ log log OR : for Itervl 95% Cofee

11 Age ( ( Totl ( ( ( ( Vr ˆ (logorˆ ( ( (6.76( % Cofee Itervlfor log OR : logorˆ ± Z Vr ˆ (logorˆ log 5.569± (.348, % Cofee Itervlfor OR : ( e.348, e.086 (3.850,8.053 Both methos gve very smlr estmtes of the OR very smlr ofee tervls. The results re lso smlr to those fou Questo 7.3, suggestg tht ge my hve lttle ofoug effet of the reltoshp etwee lohol osumpto ee of oesophgel er.

12 STATA:. put ge lohol ses out ge lohol ses out e. ses lohol [freqout], y(ge wo ge OR [95% Cof. Itervl] M-H Weght (Woolf (Woolf Crue (Woolf M-H ome Test of homogeety (M-H h(. Pr>h Test tht ome OR : Mtel-Heszel h( 98.7 Pr>h