Research Update Meeting Insect Update

Transcription

1 University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst Cranberry Station Extension meetings Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities 2009 Research Update Meeting Insect Update Anne L. Averill University of Massachusetts - Amherst, averill@eco.umass.edu Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Horticulture Commons Recommended Citation Averill, Anne L., "Research Update Meeting Insect Update" (2009). Cranberry Station Extension meetings. 31. Retrieved from This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Cranberry Station Outreach and Public Service Activities at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cranberry Station Extension meetings by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact scholarworks@library.umass.edu.

2 Insect update MA cranberry insect management AL Averill & MM Sylvia University of Massachusetts

3 Outline New insecticide chemistries Screening trials Cranberry fruitwor Fruitworm spray-timing issues for Ben Lear, Stevens Status of honey bees and CCD

4 Insecticide Development History cranberry view Pyrethrum used as an insecticide DDT synthesized Arsenicals DDT & Organochlorines Organophosphates Pyrethroids Carbamates Vittum & Silcox Turf Insecticide Modes of Action and Resistance Management Neonicotinoids Diacylhydrazines Phenylpyrazoles Spinosyns Oxadiazine Anthranilic Diamide

5 Neonicotinoids Fairly new class of insecticides similar to nicotine Widely adopted Systemic" --move into plant Often long residual

6 Neonicotinoids in cranberry Already labelled Neo 1 moving along, our work done, residue analysis ongoing. Likely Zone II restrictions Neo 2 registration pending post-bloom application only -Actara (thiamethoxam) -Admire (imidacloprid) -Assail (acetimiprid)

7 Molting hormone mimic--intrepid Insects molt to grow Coordinated by hormones Intrepid interferes with process by mimicking action of molting hormone

8 Spinosyns Delegate spinetoram Derived from fermentation of soil bacterium Longer residual than SpinTor

9 Anthranilic diamides Ryania (plant extract) has been used as an insecticide for about 50 years The extract contains several structurallyrelated compounds, including ryanodine Ryanodine causes paralysis in insects by sustained contraction of muscles targets the calcium channel Ryanodine activates the calcium release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Vittum & Silcox Turf Insecticide Modes of Action and Resistance Management

10 Anthranilic diamides Three possibilities in cranberry one moving through registration process one stalled (indefinitely?) one just started to move through registration process

11 Overview, new compounds Some v. good options Usually reduced risk Very low mammalian toxicity Low ecotoxicity Low application rate Selectivity Often good residual, often systemic

12 Overview Activity! Mode of action >> target site in pest Nerve/muscle systems targeted by most of the new compounds we re looking at: Nervous Neonicotinoids Avaunt Spinosyns (Delegate) Muscular Diamides (newer chemistry)

13 Insecticide Neuromuscular Targets Excitatory Neuron Muscle Na + /K + channels OPs Carbamates AChE ACh Neonicotinoids Spinosad Delegate Glut M M Indoxacarb-Avaunt Motor Neuron GABA R R Diamides Ryanodin e Receptor s

14 Anthranilic diamide----mode of action Nerve Impulse VGCC Brief RyR Openings Diamide Excitatory Nerve Action Potential Ryanodine Receptor Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Store Ca 2+ ions VG Ca 2+ Channel Closed Empty Closed Empty Closed Empty Vittum & Silcox Turf Insecticide Modes of Action and Resistance Management muscle fiber

15 1. Screening program:cranberry fruitworm and new insecticides

16 Worked at EB abandoned bed with mega-infestation of fruitworm

17 Field trial: methods 5 replicates/treatment 150 gal/a with CO 2 backpack sprayer Two applications 7/10 and 7/19 Fruit randomly sampled after second spray

18 First spray: timing based on out-of-bloom counts Second spray: 9 days later

19 Treatments 3 neonicotinoids Assail, Neo 1, Neo 2 Molting hormone mimic Intrepid 1 anthranilic diamide 2 rates: Diamide 2 oz and Diamide 4 oz New spinosyn Delegate Industry standard Diazinon Control--untreated

20 Diamide4oz a ab bc bc cd de de de e Delegate Intrepid Diazinon Neo 2 Neo 1 Control Diamide 2oz Assail % CFW infestation

21 Comparison of neonicotinoids Assail* Neo 2 Neo 1 Control

22 Delegate Diamide Intrepid Diamide Diazinon 4 oz 2 oz

23 6 DAT

24 Yellow-headed fireworm raging on plots

25 Yellow headed fireworm damage Visual assessment of plots 6 days after second spray Rating system from 0 to 5 0 = no control 5 = good control

26 Yellow-headed fireworm damage in plots 7/24 Neo 1 Neo 2 Assail Intrepid Diamide 2 oz Diazinon Diamide 4 oz Delegate Control 0= Νο control 5= Best control Average plot rating Plots trashed

27 Control

28 Diamide 4 oz

29 Plot assessment 8/21 Long residual Control Neo 1 Neo 2 Assail Diazinon Intrepid Delegate Diamide 2 oz Diamide 4 oz Average plot rating 0= Νο control 5= Best control

30 8/21 Delegate 8/21

31 Diamide 4 oz. 8/21

32 Overview diamide, Delegate, Assail active against CFW Intrepid, diamide, Delegate active against yellow-headed fireworm With luck, same results seen with key pest, blackheaded fireworm High residual >> diamide, Delegate, Intrepid

33 2. Cranberry fruitworm: management on Ben Lears and Stevens

34 CFW on BL and ST beds Chose 12 sites with beds of both cultivars Visited three times, start mid June For each bed, calculated Egg infestation over early season Levels of damage in August % out of bloom Goal: improve management of CFW spray timing compound selection

35 BL/ST site locations Carver Plymouth Wareham Plympton Rochester

36

37 Site comparisons egg infestation Site AVE ST BL Percent of fruit sampled containing eggs

38 Cranberry fruitworm damage 0 CFW SFW

39 % CFW fruit infestation in August Site AVE ST BL Percent damaged fruit

40 Overview 9,335 fruit inspected Egg infestation very low in 2008, did not exceed 3.5% at any site Some samples contained no eggs Damage estimates<1% on all beds in Aug No clear pattern of cultivar preference or infestation level If started with higher egg level, more damage noted in August

41 9-Jul 10-Jul % out of bloom number of sites by date BL ranged between July 1 and 6 ST ranged between July 3 and 10 BL ST 2-Jul 3-Jul 4-Jul 5-Jul 6-Jul 7-Jul 8-Jul 1-Jul Number of sites

42 Ben Lear infestation pattern: peak occurred ca. 7/1 at most infested sites 6 24-Jun 1-Jul 8-Jul % fruit with CFW eggs AVE Site

43 Stevens infestation pattern: activity July 1 though July 8 and before 50%OOB 1-Jul 8-Jul % fruit with CFW eggs AVE Site

44 Conclusions Although OOB typically occurred later on ST than BL, egglaying not delayed on ST Subsequent years data required: Revisit spray timing recommendations based on percent out of bloom, particularly for Stevens

45 3. CCD status