BA Toolkit Top Visual Models for Complete Business Analysis

Transcription

1 BA Toolkit Top Visual Models for Complete Business Analysis Presenter: Elizabeth Larson, PMP, CBAP, CSM Co Principal and CEO Watermark Learning

2 Presenter Biography CBAP, PMP, PMI PBA, CSM Extensive BA and PM experience Trained thousands of students Co authored 5 books, many articles Keynotes and presentations on 5 continents Lead author on BABOK, PMBOK, PMI PBA Practice guide 2

3 Objectives Describe the top visual models to use during business analysis Learn how models work together and complement each other Learn how to leverage modeling for more effective elicitation and complete requirements 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 Modeling Clay 7

8 Modeling requirements is extremely useful in elicitation 8

9 Modeling is hard at first 9

10 Could get confusing 10

11 Facilitation Tip #1...especially if we get distracted by using the one and only correct notation 11

12 Models Represent Isn t modeling current just or a collection future realities of text, diagrams and matrices? Communicate abstract concepts to different audiences 12

13 Iterative Elicitation and Modeling Confirm Ask Synthesize Listen Model Model

14 Um So, how you which models to? Contact Location # contact id (FK) # location id (FK) Location # location id address city state/province country postal code... Contact # contact id customer number (FK) last name first name middle initial o title phone o address... Customer # customer number o company name o date of incorp o number of household members credit limit date added... Order # order number customer number (FK) date of order time of order order status... Shipment # shipment number actual ship date actual ship time location nbr (FK) ship mode shipper tracking nbr... Order Fulfillment # order number (FK) # product id (FK) # location nbr (FK) # shipment nbr (FK) quantity shipped Order Item # order number (FK) # product id (FK) # location nbr (FK) o invoice nbr (FK) selling price projected ship date quantity ordered... 14

15 Analysis Patterns Process Data K N O W D O Scope K N O W Interaction U S E Use Do Know User Interface 15

16 Where do I even begin? My goal is to review these models and show How they relate to each other How to get started by asking 3 5 questions 16

17 Process Models Process Process models depict how to get the job done Models include: SIPOCs Process Maps/Flowcharts Workflow diagrams Activity diagrams Data flow diagrams State diagrams What is a process? 17

18 Process Model Example Process Sample Questions 1. What are initial inputs and final outputs? 2. Who produces inputs and gets outputs? 3. Which steps are done and in what sequence? What happens most commonly? 4. What are the alternates and exceptions? 5. How many, how often, and when (what triggers the process)?

19 Data Models Data Data models show the data and the rules of the business Models include: Entity/relationship diagrams Class diagrams Data dictionaries Logical models not physical data models or physical database design 19

20 Data Model Example Entity/Relationship Diagram (ERD) Default to United States? What are the allowed values? Facts Contact Location # contact id (FK) # location id (FK) Location # location id address city state/province country postal code... # shipment number actual ship date actual ship time location nbr (FK) ship mode shipper values? tracking nbr... Contact # contact id customer number (FK) last name first name middle initial o title phone o address... Customer # customer number o company name o date of incorp o number of household members credit limit date added... Order Order Item Shipment 2. What are the facts about Order that Fulfillment information? # order number (FK) # product id (FK) # location nbr (FK) # shipment nbr (FK) quantity shipped Minimums and maximums Business Rules Sample Questions 1. What business information do you care about? # order number customer number (FK) date of order time of order order status... # order number (FK) # product id (FK) # location nbr (FK) o invoice nbr (FK) selling price projected ship date quantity ordered Can you leave the screen without filling in the information? What are the defaults (if any) and allowed 4. Is the relationship between two pieces of business information required? Can you set up one piece of business information without setting up the other? 5. What are the min/max for each relationship? Data Each customer can place any number of orders, but each order has to be placed by a single customer Business Info

21 Interaction Models Interaction Interaction models show how actors interact with a system Use case diagrams/narratives How process interacts with data State diagrams CRUD matrix 21

22 Actor Use Case Models Order Processing System System Interaction Actor Specialist Customer Credit Authorization Request items Check credit Ship product Invoice customer Reserve items in inventory Inventory System Sample Questions: 1. What is the solution? 2. Which stakeholders are involved? 3. How do stakeholders want to use the system? 4. How Accounting do other systems interface with the system? 5. How do the actors and system interact with each User other? Interface Operations Use Case 22

23 Use Case Narrative Interaction Number and Name: UC 100 Reserve Item in Inventory Actor(s): CSR, Customer Pre-condition: Actor is logged on; system is available; line item page is displayed Post-conditions: Item Reserved message is displayed Actor Action 1. Enter item number Sample Questions 1. What has to occur 4. IMS before sends the item process can begin? description to OP 2. When is done done? 3. What is the most common way to get from the 7. Confirm beginning to the end? reservation 4. What other ways will request get to the end (alternatives) 9. What IMS prevents sends Item us from getting to the end (exceptions)? Reserved message 5. What happens when to OP exceptions occur? System Response 2. Perform check digit verification 3. Send item number to IMS 5. Display item description 6. Display reserve request message 8. Send reservation request to the Inventory system 10. Display Item Reserved Message 4 5 Alternate Flow A1: Item number entered is not valid 1. System displays item number not found message 2. System launches a search on item description 3. System displays all close matches 4. Actor selects item Return to primary flow step 3 Exception Flow E1: Actor cancels transaction (any point) 1. Actor indicates wish to cancel transaction 2. System displays item transaction cancelled Exception confirmation question 3. System requests IMS Flow to back out reserved item 4. System displays item cancelled message 5. Exit use case

24 Interface Models Use Do Know User Interface Interface models graphically depict how people interact with the system Models include: Prototypes, mockups/wireframes 24

25 User Interface (UI) Model Low Fidelity Prototype Use Know Do User Interface Sample Questions Login was successful Input and Display Data We thought it be Where does UI beginshould and end? intuitively How do we know when we re obvious! done? Process-screen navigation: What are the most common, alternative, exception paths? Data - look and feel of the screen: how should the data be arranged? Data: what edits are needed to prevent errors? When exceptions occur, what message is displayed? (data) What action does the user take? (process) You may now perform the following activities: View Line Items Reserve Line Items Go Calculate Shipping Process Nope. Users want a Go button

26 Scope Models Scope Scope models depict the boundaries of the solution to be implemented Models include: Goals, objectives, lists, rules User stories/features list Use case diagrams Context diagrams Functional decomposition diagram (expanded) 26

27 Scope Define Detail unt number sit amount Process Interaction Data Interface Process Models Business Process Model/Map, Activity Diagram, Swim Lane Diagram Questions: What is the order/sequence? Which functions and activities are done? How many, how often, and when? Who produces inputs and gets outputs?, Where does process begin and end? Use Case Models: Use Case Model: Diagram and Narrative, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram C [Amt out of range] [Account number B valid] Perform reasonability Validate account check on the number deposit amount [Amt in range] [Account number not valid] Questions: When to begin? When is done done? What are the most Display account Search on customer Display all close Receive selected number not found common path, alternatives, name exceptions? matches What happens customer name message eposit amount rrent account balance Update teller transaction file Notify teller of successful completion Levels of Modeling Iterative Elicitation & Modeling Do Use when exceptions occur? Process Modeling A Actor1 Use Case Modeling A System C Use Case A Pri Flow Alt Flow Excp Flow Use Case A Pri Flow Alt Flow Alt Flow Excp Flow Excp Flow B Actor2 Scope Modeling Realtor Seller Sample Questions What are the goals of solution? What are the boundaries of our solution? What are the components of the solution? Which stakeholders are impacted? What other systems interface? Property Buyer User Interface Models Log in to CTC Prototype, Mockup, Wireframe, Storyboard Enter User ID and Password Below User ID Login Questions: What messages Password appear with exceptions? What edits are needed to prevent Forgot errors? userid/password Where does (link) UI begin and end? New user (link) Know Interface Views Data Models: Entity-Relationship Diagram, and/or Class Diagram User Realtor Property Offers Counters Closing Questions: What area the min/max for each relationship? Is it required? What are the defaults? What business info matters and the related facts? Know For more information on Watermark Learning courses, please visit us at Copyright 2014 Watermark Learning. Use Do Data Modeling User Interface

28 Levels of Modeling Scope Process Interaction Data Interface Actor1 A System C B Actor2 Realtor Seller Property Buyer Interface Views User Realtor Property Offers Counters Closing Define Use Case A Pri Flow Alt Flow Excp Flow Detail C [Amt out of range] [Account number B valid] Perform reasonability unt number Validate account check on the A sit amount number deposit amount [Amt in range] [Account number not valid] Display account Search on customer Display all close Receive selected number not found name matches customer name message eposit amount Notify teller of Update teller rrent account successful transaction file balance completion Use Case A Pri Flow Alt Flow Alt Flow Excp Flow Excp Flow Log in to CTC Enter User ID and Password Below User ID Login Password Forgot userid/password (link) New user (link)

29 Summary Warning corny cute animal images ahead 29

30 Remember 30

31 Use Models to Elicit 31

32 Say what?! 32

33 Choose models that make sense 33

34 Col lab orate 34

35 Sponsor Questions? Elizabeth Larson, CBAP, PMI PBA, PMP, CSM, CEO Watermark Learning

36 Contact Slide Elizabeth Larson, CBAP, PMP, PMI-PBA, CSM CEO, Watermark Elizabeth Larson 36