Company Logo Guest speaker : Daejin Kim

Transcription

1 Company Logo Transportation 수상택시Part 활성화 Studies 1. 조사방안개요 Guest speaker : Daejin Kim

2 CONTENTS Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. What is transportation studies? Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends - 2 -

3 CONTENTS Ⅰ. Introduction - 3 -

4 Ⅰ. Introduction 1. Lecture s purpose Today s purpose The world is increasingly becoming an age of communication and fusion. I want you to know just a little bit about the transportation studies, But be able to communicate with someone who works for a transportation well And be able to share their ideas. Because you will play an important role in some areas in the future!! Brain storming What do you think of transportation studies? Do you know what people who are studying transportation do? What kind of problem do we have in transportation? - 4 -

5 Ⅰ. Introduction 1. background What is transportation studies? Do study on human s movements (including freight and so on) Analyse, Forecast, Estimate Eventually, make people more comfortable and move faster, help to grow economy, Why do we need transportation studies? If you did everything in your home, it d be okay, but if not...? move! You can take a car, bus, subway, taxi, airplane, bicycle, ship, And they are becoming more faster and comfortable. So you are now satisfied enough than before? Still, there are many transportation problems: - Congestion, pollution, accidents, - peak and non-peak - demand and supply - the needs of the times : efficiency environment equity? - 5 -

6 CONTENTS Ⅱ. Transportation studies - 6 -

7 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 1. Classification Transportation planning Policy, Economy, Econometric analysis, Public transportation It mainly estimates a transportation demand It comes from Urban planning fields. Traffic(Transportation) engineering Design, Operation, ITS(Intelligent Transport System), Safety It comes from road(highway) engineering fields

8 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 2. Traffic engineering Design Road design - capacity, number of lanes, width, line of sight, superelevation, minimum radius, - consider traffic flow and safety

9 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 2. Traffic engineering

10 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 2. Traffic engineering Operation Intersection - many conflict points only in one intersection - optimize traffic flow and minimize accident by some technics like signal control

11 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 2. Traffic engineering ITS(Intelligent Transport System) How we can use existing facilities more efficiently Combine with an information system that are collected by various detectors An ultimate goal is: TOD(Time of Day) RTOS(Real-Time Operating System)

12 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 3. Transportation planning Beginning Economy of concentration Urbanization increased population Expansion More roads are needed for people to move to other places. But resources are limited such as finances, time and labor. So it should be considered where to build a road first. Focus on demand and supply - Construction costs is not critical, - Demand is key point in order to make a maximum social welfare In fact, transportation facilities cannot be easily replaced and changed if they are constructed. So, we should forecast the demand(now and also future)

13 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 3. Transportation planning Basic methodology 4-steps model is mainly used to forecast the demand, which consists of 4-steps: Trip generation, Trip distribution, Modal split, Traffic assignment Based on zone system O/D(Origin and Destination), P/A(Production and Attraction); Trip generation - Estimate O/D, P/A - Growth factor, Regression, Trip distribution - Make a trip matrix - Growth factor, Gravity Cross-classification or Category

14 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 3. Transportation planning Modal split - Split the O/D or P/A matrix into car, bus, subway, matrix(in fact, the order of this step can be changed.) - Regression, Logit, Nested logit - The example of logit P(car) = exp(ucar)/ exp(ucar, bus, rail) where, P is probability to choose a car, U is utility function Traffic assignment - Assign traffic volumes on roads or rails - All-or-Nothing, capacity restrained assignment, user equilibrium, system optimization equilibrium - generally use Dijakstra algorithm(shortest path)

15 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 3. Transportation planning - The example of Dijakstra Algorithm

16 Ⅱ. Transportation studies 3. Transportation planning Difficulties in planning between car and public-transport Car and public-transport vicious circle This circle explain a difficulty of transportation planning between car and public transport Increase income Car becomes even more attractive Increase fares Car restraint Reduced bus frequency Subsidies Increase car ownership Reduced demand for buses Increase bus operating costs More congestion and delay Less mileage per bus Ortuzar and Willumson (2011) Modeling Transport fourth edition

17 CONTENTS Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends

18 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 1. Congestion pricing London Since February 2003 the city of London has charged a fee for driving private automobiles in its central area during weekdays as a way to reduce traffic congestion and raise revenues to fund transport improvements. Reference: Todd Litman(2011) London Congestion Pricing

19 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 1. Congestion pricing London(continued) Video cameras record the license plate numbers of vehicles and matches it with the paid list. Total cost: 500M, Total Revenue: 800M (between 2000 and 2008). Taxi and bus service productivity and efficiency increased. Increasing in motorcycle, moped and bicycle travel. Signs and Symbols Entering the Charging Area Cameras Reference: Todd Litman(2011) London Congestion Pricing

20 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 1. Congestion pricing Singapore Vehicle Ownership Control Improve public transport, Minimize impact on businesses reduces sharp peak traffic volumes, solves congestion Road Pricing/ERP is not a revenue generating measure Reference:

21 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 2. Transit Oriented development Arlington: Bull s eye concept Transit Oriented development(tod) is: - TOD is an increasingly popular tool for cities across the U.S. - create more livable communities and combat urban sprawl, - which can threaten the quality of life deteriorating infrastructure, poor schools, and a shortage of affordable, quality housing. Also, can cause increased traffic congestion and declining air quality. Bull s eye concept - 5 stations closely spaced - Concentrate high and mid-density redevelopment around transit stations

22 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 2. Transit Oriented development

23 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 2. Transit Oriented development Effects of TOD - Travel patterns have been changed; more people are taking public transport or walking - growing population and employment - growing regional economy Background - Subway - HOV(High-Occupancy Vehicle) lane - sidewalk - TDM(Travel Demand Management): Carpooring, Parking management, Shuttle bus

24 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 3. the Mobility Handicapped the Mobility Handicapped disabled person, the elderly, children, pregnant woman, Trends: efficiency environment equity(social integration) 교통약자배려문화운동 (The consideration movement for the Transportation Vulnerable) video(you-tube)

25 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 3. the Mobility Handicapped

26 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 4. Environmental transport modes Intermediate system Recently in many europe nations, a variety of intermediate system have been developed. Bus(accessibility) + Rail(capacity, punctuality) on-road system conflict with cars in an intersection Therefore, for speed(x), for regularity and punctuality, sharing, safety(o) low-floor, guidance system, cheaper than rail system, more carrying capacity than bus Paris T3(Tramway) Padova-Translohr(V guidance)

27 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 4. Environmental transport modes Intermediate system(continued) CIVIS: Optical guidance Trolley Bus: electric bus

28 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 4. Environmental transport modes Electric vehicle No emission, You can say that.. Plant also emit gas! But. well-to-wheels: Fossil fuel vehicle(18%) < Electricity vehicle Intelligent vehicle, No restriction of shape. La mobilité en 2030 (GM EN-V à Shanghaï) - Video(you-tube) - vs

29 Ⅲ. Recent transportation trends 4. Environmental transport modes Electric vehicle(continued)

30 CONTENTS Thank you