TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD. Policy and Planning Actions to Address Connected and Automated Vehicles. Wednesday, November 8, :00-3:00 PM ET

Transcription

1 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD Policy and Planning Actions to Address Connected and Automated Vehicles Wednesday, November 8, :00-3:00 PM ET

2 The Transportation Research Board has met the standards and requirements of the Registered Continuing Education Providers Program. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to RCEP. A certificate of completion will be issued to participants that have registered and attended the entire session. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by RCEP.

3 Purpose Discuss research from the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) s Research Report 845: Advancing Automated and Connected Vehicles: Policy and Planning Strategies for State and Local Transportation Agencies, which is accompanied by Strategies to Advance Automated and Connected Vehicles: Briefing Document. Learning Objectives At the end of this webinar, you will be able to: Describe where to find the material on the TRB website Discuss the types of policy and planning actions addressed. Identify the materials and assess which ones may be useful to your agency

4 NCHRP Research Report 845: Advancing Automated and Connected Vehicles: Policy and Planning Strategies for State and Local Transportation Agencies NCHRP Project (01)

5 NCHRP is a State-Driven Program Sponsored by individual state DOTs who Suggest research of national interest Serve on oversight panels that guide the research. Administered by TRB in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration.

6 Practical, ready-to-use results Applied research aimed at state DOT practitioners Often become AASHTO standards, specifications, guides, syntheses Can be applied in planning, design, construction, operations, maintenance, safety, environment

7 Additional NCHRP Publication Available on this Topic Connected and Automated Vehicles: NCHRP Support for Transportation Agency Leaders TRB s Transportation Research Record, No. 2625: Connected and Automated Vehicles TRB's Transportation Research E-Circular 222: Automated Vehicles Symposium 2016 You can learn more about these publications by visiting

8 Join us for a TRB Webinar 5th Florida Automated Vehicles (FAV) Summit November 14-15, 2017 in Tampa, FL Learn more at:

9 Today s Speakers Ray Derr, Transportation Research Board Ginger Goodin, Texas A&M Transportation Institute Randy Iwasaki, Contra Costa Transportation Authority Anita Kim, Volpe Center, U.S. Department of Transportation

10 Impacts of CVs and AVs on State and Local Transportation Agencies Ray Derr, Transportation Research Board

11 NCHRP CV & AV Research $6M invested by state DOTs through the National Cooperative Highway Research Program since Dec Several tasks begun under the NCHRP umbrella Results are coming in! Source:

12 NCHRP Report 845, Advancing Automated and Connected Vehicles: Policy and Planning Actions for State and Local Transportation Agencies completed Briefing document for agency and legislative decision-makers to help them assess how policy tools could align AV and CV technologies with public policy interests, even amid high uncertainty Potential outcomes are presented along with one page descriptions of 18 policy and planning strategies Report provides a fuller assessment of the basis Source: and strategies

13 NCHRP Web-Only Document 231, Challenges to CV and AV Application in Truck Freight Operations - completed Describes freight environments and challenges for connected and highly automated technologies Identifies public and private sector barriers to implementation Proposes next steps for addressing challenges Source: Recommendations for further research have been shared with the Federal Motor Carrier Administration

14 NCHRP Web-Only Doc 239: Impacts of Regulations and Policies on CV and AV Technology Introduction in Transit Operations Describes a roadmap of activities by industry, legislatures, federal government, and others to facilitate automated transit deployment and accelerate the accompanying societal benefits Activities address technology, safety, workforce, operating policies, laws and regulations, implementation of research Source: TRB Staff findings Recommendations for further research are being shared with the Federal Transit Administration and the Transit Cooperative Research Program

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16 NCHRP CV/AV Products Coming Next Year Road Markings for Machine Vision Dedicating Lanes for Priority or Exclusive Use by CVs and AVs Implications of Automation for Motor Vehicle Codes Providing Support to the Introduction of CV/AV Impacts into Regional Transportation Planning and Modeling Tools Connected Road Classification System Development Source: en.wikipedia.org

17 Other Work In the Pipeline Source: Business Models to Facilitate Deployment of CV Infrastructure to Support AV Operations Cybersecurity of Traffic Management Systems Mobility-on-Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment Impacts of Connected and Automated Vehicle Technologies on the Highway Infrastructure Planning Data Needs and Collection Techniques for CV/AV Applications & Data Management Strategies for CV/AV Applications for Operations

18 National Academies/TRB Forum: Preparing for AVs & Shared Mobility Objective: Bring together partners to discuss, identify, and facilitate fact-based research needed to deploy automated vehicles and shared mobility services in a manner and timeframe that informs policy to best meet long-term goals, and to share perspectives on these issues. The long-term goals include increasing safety, reducing congestion, enhancing accessibility, increasing sustainability, and encouraging economic development and equity.

19 For more info, visit the TRB Transformational Technologies Page Subscribe to the TRB E-Newsletter Ray Derr

20 Advancing Automated and Connected Vehicles: Policy and Planning Strategies for State and Local Transportation Agencies NCHRP Report 845 Ginger Goodin Johanna Zmud Texas A&M Transportation Institute RAND Corporation Southwest Research Institute Shelley Row Associates

21 Presentation Overview Provide background on research Highlight policy and planning strategies Describe how to find resources and apply them

22 Vehicles that are increasingly automated and connected have the potential to profoundly change personal, freight and public transportation

23 What should state and local governments do? State, regional and local governments use policy levers. to ensure safe and efficient operation of public roadways to foster equity across users of the system to mitigate negative effects of transportation For automated vehicles (AV) and connected vehicles (CV) a range of policy levers could influence private choices toward outcomes that would benefit society

24 Assess potential policy and planning strategies for use by state and local governments that guide the deployment of AV and CV to create positive outcomes for society Research Objective

25 Context: Technology Automated Vehicle (AV) One that takes control of aspects of the driving tasks For this research, only higher levels of automation are considered

26 Connected Vehicle (CV) Internal devices connect vehicles to other vehicles, to infrastructure, to cloud, and to other road users Provide driver alerts but do not control the operation of the vehicle Context: Technology

27 USDOT Policy Guidance States retain traditional regulatory roles: Licensing drivers Registering /licensing vehicles Enacting and enforcing traffic laws Regulating insurance Context: Regulatory

28 Foundational Research: Social Welfare and Market Economics Externalities: effects that impact others, yet are not accounted for in market price Society benefits if governments implement policy or planning strategies to internalize these externalities in decisions by consumers and producers

29 Effects of AV and CV Traffic Crashes Congestion Pollution Land Development Mobility

30 Potential Benefits of Automation

31 Strategic Goals Creating Desired Outcomes DESIRED OUTCOMES Mitigate safety risks. Encourage shared AV (SAV) use. Address liability issues that may affect market development. Enhance safety, congestion and air quality benefits by influencing market demand Relevant Policy and Planning Strategies

32 Policy and Planning Strategies OUTCOME: To mitigate safety risks through testing, training and public education Enact legislation to legalize AV testing Enact legislation to stimulate CV or AV testing Modify driver training standards and curricula Increase public awareness

33 Policy and Planning Strategies OUTCOME: To encourage shared AV use (and mitigate increased VMT and vehicle emissions) Subsidize SAV use Implement transit benefits Implement a parking cash-out strategy Implement location-efficient mortgages Implement land use policies and parking requirements Apply road use charging

34 Policy and Planning Strategies OUTCOME: To address liability issues that may impact market development Implement a no-fault insurance approach Require motorists to carry more insurance

35 Policy and Planning Strategies OUTCOME: To enhance safety, congestion, and air quality benefits by influencing market demand Subsidize CV- equipped vehicles Invest in CV infrastructure Grant AV- and CV-equipped vehicles privileged access to dedicated lanes Grant signal priority to AV- and CV-equipped vehicles Grant parking access to AV- and CV-equipped vehicles Implement new contractual mechanisms with private service providers

36 Viability Assessments Effectiveness and efficiency of strategy Political acceptability Implementation considerations Geographic impact Challenges

37 Policy Briefing Document Research Products Research Report

38 Companion Documents Strategy Summary Viability Assessment Policy Briefing Document Research Report

39 Where do I find the reports? Research Report: Briefing Document: Go to trb.org search for NCHRP 845

40 Closing Remarks Strategies offer considerations for decision makers based on best information available Technology direction may change Consumers may not adopt certain products Public policy making for AV and CV will be informed through a cycle of learning Early-adopter agencies will support knowledge creation through testing, research and evaluation

41 Transportation Planning

42 Regional Transportation Planning Committees Four Distinct Sub-regions Responsible for prioritizing local projects and programs Develop Action Plans for Routes of Regional Significance

43 Travel Demand Forecast Modeling Used to determine impacts of land use developments and transportation improvements through year 2040 Model assumes increased capacity of existing roadways due to automated/connected vehicles Accounts for clean vehicle deployment over time Model provides future forecasts of GHG emissions, Vehicle Miles Traveled and Vehicle Hours of Delay under various scenarios

44 Planning for the Future The Countywide Transportation Plan Updated Every 4-5 Years Documents the Authority s Goals, Vision, and Strategies Action Plans are Developed by the Regional Committees Includes 10- and 20- Year Financially Constrained Project Lists

45 Implications of Urban Mobility Planning 6% technology 3% Consider impact of driverless car Consider impact of Uber and Lyft 50% 12% Consider explicit recommendations of or new highway construction Consider no new highway construction 20% Consider impact of roadway diets Source: National League of Cities

46 Climate Change and Transportation Authority s plans build upon California s strong GHG emission reduction policies Includes accelerated clean vehicle deployment and automated vehicle technology

47 Design Procurement & Standards

48 Do we need ever to widen a roadway & highway?

49 Do we need to design12 foot lanes anymore??

50 Shoulder Lane Utilization?

51 Complete Streets Complete Street Design Create a Safe Environment Street modifications can have a significant positive impact on safety

52 3M Striping

53 Connectivity

54 Connectivity Emerging Faster Number of Devices in Billions Vehicles account for 1/3 of new cellular devices (2016) Source:

55 Connectivity Emerging Faster 3,564,717,102 Internet users in the world 1,147,835,466 Total number of Websites 88,597,735,966 s sent today 1,951,179,922 Google searches today 1,821,079 Blog posts written today 249,530,825 Tweets sent today 2,263,956,621 YouTube videos viewed today 25,447,810 Instagram photo uploaded today 40,157,182 Tumblr posts today 1,827,484,885 Facebook active users 497,973,392 Google+ active users 307,525,008 Twitter active users

56 City 5.0 Environment

57 Funding

58 U.S. House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee Members Representatives Mark DeSaulnier (D- CA) and Lloyd Smucker (R-PA) announced legislation that would establish $100 million in new grant funding for cities to invest in and use innovative technologies and solutions for the purpose of improving transportation and mobility. Funding The Moving FIRST Act (H.R. 3901) was introduced to build upon the Department of Transportation s Smart Cities Challenge, by increasing the funding available and making it an annual grant opportunity. Graphic from Nordic Semiconductor Graphic from Nordic Semiconductor

59 Don t have to be a big city to innovate you need to have the right leadership in your city Leadership Strong communication among stakeholders Be relentless in seeking opportunities and potential partners

60 Case Study- City of Oakley, Proclamation encouraging autonomous vehicle testing Embarking upon Smart City project 1 Focus on upgrading infrastructure California 1

61 Update of USDOT Automation Activities TRB Webinar, Policy and Planning Actions to Address Connected and Automated Vehicles November 8, 2017 Anita Kim Technology Policy Analyst Volpe National Transportation Systems Center U.S. Department of Transportation

62 Current Experience in the United States Lower levels of automation are already commercially available. Industry is leading technology development. The market is dynamic and rapidly changing. Many States are passing laws regarding automation. Companies & Relationships in Automation States with Enacted AV Legislation U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center Image Sources: Reuters (April 2017) and NCSL (September 2017) 2

63 Efforts Are Coordinated Across the USDOT National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Federal Transit Administration Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Maritime Administration Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office Federal Highway Administration U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 3

64 Automated Driving Systems 2.0: A Vision for Safety Replaces 2016 Federal Automated Vehicles Policy Focuses on two sections: Section I: Voluntary Guidance for Automated Driving Systems Section II: Technical Assistance to States U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 4

65 Next Steps: Automated Driving Systems Public Meetings and Workshops Request for Comment (RFC) Docket No. NHTSA DOT is also beginning to work on a 3.0 approach, which will address automation more broadly U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center

66 ITS JPO Activities and Research Technical Research Impacts Assessment Data Collection & Sharing Models Program and Policy Support Strategic Planning and Roadmapping Modal Policy Support and Coordination Stakeholder Engagement Professional Capacity Building Efforts International Coordination 11/8/2017 U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 6

67 FHWA Automation Research Light Vehicle and Truck Platooning Signalized Intersection Approach and Departure Automated Traffic Flow Optimization Lane Change, Merging and Weaving Operations Evaluating impacts of automated driving technology on the transportation planning process. U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 7

68 Additional Areas of Interest for FHWA Physical Infrastructure: What are infrastructure requirements for facilitating automation, if any? How do these technologies interpret lane markings, signage, signals? Roadway Data: Could Automated Driving Systems be a new source of data (e.g., safety, maintenance, roadway conditions)? Roadway Operations: Are there new traffic challenges with having a mixed vehicle fleet of automated, non-automated and other road users? Planning and Policies: How should automation be integrated into the long range transportation planning process? U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 8

69 FTA Strategic Automation Research Program FTA Automation Research Technology Transferability Policy Review Knowledge Transfer Overview: Lead: Scope: Key inputs: Target: 5-year plan for FTA research and deployment FTA Office of Research, Demonstration, and Innovation Bus transit automation, defined broadly VAA program, MOD Sandbox, Stakeholder Consultation, Use Case Analysis, Benefit- Cost Analysis, Risk-Barrier Assessment December 2017 (public webinar) U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 9

70 FMCSA and Automated Commercial Vehicles Gathering information on issues relating to design, development, testing, and deployment of automated commercial vehicles. FMCSA seeks information on how to ensure that Federal safety regulations provide appropriate standards for the safe operation of automated commercial vehicles from design and development through testing and deployment U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 10

71 Summary and Next Steps Important to understand the impacts of automated vehicle technologies Policy levers and tools can be useful for encouraging the benefits of automation while mitigating or addressing potential dis-benefits. Many uncertainties still remain, collaboration and information sharing is important Engagement with State and local partners and the broader stakeholder community is useful for understanding policy issues U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 11

72 Thank You For More Information: Anita Kim Technology Policy Analyst Volpe Center U.S. Department of Transportation (617) U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center 12

73 Today s Participants Ray Derr, Transportation Research Board, rderr@nas.edu Ginger Goodin, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, g-goodin@tti.tamu.edu Randy Iwasaki, Contra Costa Transportation Authority, riwasaki@ccta.net Anita Kim, Volpe Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, anita.kim@dot.gov

74 Panelists Presentations After the webinar, you will receive a follow-up containing a link to the recording

75 Get involved with NCHRP Suggest NCHRP research topics Volunteer to serve on NCHRP panels Lead pilot projects and other implementation efforts at your agency For more information:

76 Take Part in the Careers in Motion Networking Fair