CONTENT I PART I: TRAFFIC FLOWS MANAGEMENT GENERAL PRESENTATION OF ADVANCED ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEMS... 3

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1 Content CONTENT PART I: TRAFFIC FLOWS MANAGEMENT CONTENT I GENERAL PRESENTATION OF ADVANCED ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEMS MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR TRAFFIC FLOWS ANALYSIS Looking at statistics Collecting statistical data The programme of statistical observation Methods of statistical observation Statistical observation errors Control of statistical data Methods of data primary processing Presenting statistical data Statistical indicators Random variables Defining the random variables Basic characteristics of random variables Central tendency indicators Variation indicators Generating function Poisson process Distributions or repartition laws Discrete distributions Binominal distribution Poisson distribution Negative-binominal distribution Geometric distribution Continuous distribution laws Normal distribution Pearson distribution of third type (Generalized Gamma distribution) Estimating parameters and criteria of statistical evaluation Waiting processes in traffic evolution Bases and classification of waiting systems Stochastic models and waiting times in stationary traffic Delays at intersections in case of stationary traffic Determinist waiting models in case of non-stationary traffic Waiting models at the crossing limit from free traffic to the partially conditioned one TRAFFIC STUDIES Intoduction Traffic studies Study of traffic volumes...48 I

2 ADVANCED ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEMS E1: ANALYSIS OF VEHICLES ARRIVAL TIME AT A POINT Collecting traffic data Primary data processing Studies of vehicle speeds and delays Studies of road traffic impact Stages of traffic impact study Describing the content of a study of road traffic impact BASIC PARAMETERS OF ROAD TRAFFIC Introduction Traffic streams parameters Road traffic flow Road traffic density Speeds Intervals between vehicles Determining the road traffic parameters through the analysis of stochastic processes Obtaining a unitary stream through local measurements Obtaining the unitary stream through momentary measurements Correlations between traffic stream parameters Describing the motion of the individual vehicle Equations of motion of the individual vehicle described with the help of time-dependent values Equations of motion of the individual vehicle described with the help of space-dependent values Statistical approach to individual vehicle motion Correlations between time and space-dependent motion parameters HUMAN FACTOR IN THE ROAD TRAFFIC SYSTEM Introduction What mean Human factor? Needs of road users Human factors and traffic safety Driver characteristics Physical abilities of the driver Perception-reaction time Senses in vehicles driving Vision Method of transversal motion of the object Designing and installing traffic signs Designing considerations II

3 Content 5. INTERSECTIONS DESIGN Introduction Principles for intersection design The factors that influence the design of intersections The human factor Vehicle features Environment conditions Types of movements and conflicts of traffic flows Movements in intersection Conflict points Limitation of conflict points in intersections Solutions for reducing conflict points Traffic capacity Level of service Selection of intersection type Features of signal-controlled intersections Features of unsignalised intersections Canalization of traffic flows Sight distances Intersection sight distance Uncontrolled intersections Intersections with STOP sign placed on secondary arterial road Intersections with the Yield sign placed on the secondary road Signalized intersections STOP-controlled Intersections at all entrances Turn left from the main road Sight distances at transversal intersections Stopping sight distance Passing sight distance Programmable Logic Controllers Introduction Architecture of a PLC Components of a PLC VEHICLES CHARACTERISTICS PART II: INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE 7. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND CURRENT POLICIES Introduction Present Context Systems Onboard equipments Equipments used for the road infrastructure III

4 ADVANCED ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Equipments used for the road infrastructure Communication method Management and informing the traffic participants Automatically driving systems Problems resolved by the telematics applications Intelligent transportation systems Conclusions regarding the telematics applications present context THE EVOLUTION OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Introduction Telematic applications at global level European programs Japan The evolution of American ITS applications European research - developing programmes SYSTEM ENGINEERING APPLYED TO ADVANCED TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Introduction to system engineering System and system engineering Introductive concepts for system engineering System engineering as a complex notion Multiple dimensions of system engineering Process models within the system engineering framework The V-type model of a system lifecycle The WATERFALL type model The SPIRAL type model The EVOLUTIONAL model seen as a V type developing model Process models comparison The planning process The vision expressing process Defining the system requirements Traceability The designing process Projecting the requirements into functions ITS Architecture The passenger subsystem The centre subsystem Vehicle subsystem The road infrastructure subsystem INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Introduction Intelligent transport systems architecture IV

5 Content What is ITS architecture? Public transportation management Electronic payment Commercial vehicle operations Automated roadside safety inspection On-board safety and security monitoring Commercial vehicle administrative processes Hazardous materials security and incident response Freight mobility Emergency management Emergency notification and personal security Emergency vehicle management Disaster response and evacuation Advanced vehicle safety systems Information management Maintenance and Construction Management COMPUTER VISION-BASED LICENSE PLATE IDENTIFICATION Introduction Deblurring and image merging methods Image capture Image frames deblurring Image merging Thresholding method License plate identification Extracting the characters of the license plate Neural network based method of character recognizing Conclusions PART III: TELEMATICS APPLICATIONS IN ADVANCED ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 12. ROAD TELEMATICS CONCEPT The concept of intelligent vehicle The dimensions of "intelligence" The driver Driving conditions The vehicle The description of the concept Vehicle subsystems control level The integrated control level The level of adaptation to driving conditions The level of adaptation to the driver V

6 ADVANCED ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Example of adaptation of the vehicle's intelligence The perception process The identification process Situation analysis Adaptation The vehicle integrated control system Support technologies ROAD TELEMATICS APPLICATIONS Road traffic detection systems Traffic presence detection systems Systems dedicated for pedestrian presence detection Traveler subsystems within the public transport network Traveler information systems Automatic passenger counting systems in public transport vehicles Automatic driving systems AHS Systems Adaptive driving systems and CAS - Collision avoidance systems Systems for road accidents reduction Monitoring of driver status System of improvement of driver visibility Navigation and positioning systems Vehicle emergency assistance system Automatic vehicle location systems - AVL Vehicle navigation system The FCD System On-board entertainment systems The car-office concept The Audio-Spotlight System The vehicle infotainment system Driver settings memorizing system Appendix References VI