-SQA-SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION GENERAL INFORMATION AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS: FLIGHT CONTROLS JULY 1998

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1 -SQA-SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION GENERAL INFORMATION -Unit number Unit title- -Superclass category- -Date of publication- (month and year) -Originating centre for unit- AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS: FLIGHT CONTROLS XP JULY 1998 SQA DESCRIPTION- GENERAL COMPETENCE FOR UNIT: Identifying the requirements and describing the operation of flight controls as applicable to aircraft engineering. OUTCOMES: 1. outline the principles of operation of primary flight controls and trim controls; 2. outline the principles of operation of high lift devices and drag inducing devices; 3. describe the various methods incorporated for the operating of flight controls systems; 4. explain aircraft stall warning and protection systems. CREDIT VALUE: 1 HN Credit ACCESS STATEMENT: Access to this unit is at the discretion of the centre. However, it would be beneficial if the candidate had a basic understanding of aeronautical engineering. This may be evidenced by possession of National Certificate modules: Aircraft Systems: Flight Theory of Flight. HN unit Aircraft Aerodynamics: General or similar qualifications, or similar qualifications or experience

2 Additional copies of this unit can be obtained from: The Committee and Administration Unit, SQA, Hanover House, 24 Douglas Street, Glasgow G2 7NQ, (Tel: ). At the time of publication the cost is 1.50 per unit (minimum order 5.00). 2

3 HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION STATEMENT OF STANDARDS Unit number: Unit title: AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS: FLIGHT CONTROLS Acceptable performance in this Unit will be the satisfactory achievement of the standards set out in this part of the specification. All sections of the statement of standards are mandatory and cannot be altered without reference to SQA. OUTCOME 1. OUTLINE THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF PRIMARY FLIGHT CONTROLS AND TRIM CONTROLS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (d) The primary controls are correctly identified. The principles of operation and movement of the primary controls are correctly The requirements for trim control are correctly identified. The principles of operation and movement of trim controls are correctly RANGE STATEMENT Primary controls: longitudinal axis; lateral axis; normal axis; longitudinal control; lateral control; directional control. Trim control: movement of Centre of Gravity; movement of Centre of Pressure; trimming devices. EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS Written and/or oral evidence of the candidate s ability to identify and explain the requirements of aircraft flight and trim controls as detailed in performance criteria to (d) and the range. 3

4 OUTCOME 2. OUTLINE THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF HIGH LIFT DEVICES AND DRAG INDUCING DEVICES PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (d) The requirement for high lift devices are correctly The types of high lift devices are correctly identified and their principles of operation are correctly The requirements for drag inducement devices are correctly The types of drag inducement devices are correctly identified and their principles of operation are correctly RANGE STATEMENT High Lift devices: take off and landing requirements; leading edge devices; trailing edge devices. Drag inducement devices: lift dumpers; spoilers; speed brakes. EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS Written and/or oral evidence of the candidate s ability to identify and explain the requirements and operation of aircraft high lift and drag inducement devices as detailed in performance criteria to (d) and the range. OUTCOME 3. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS METHODS INCORPORATED FOR THE OPERATING OF FLIGHT CONTROLS SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA (d) The operation of a manually operated control system is correctly The operation of electro-mechanically operated control system is correctly The operation of hydraulically operated control system is correctly The operation of a fly by wire control system is correctly RANGE STATEMENT The range statement for this outcome is fully expressed within the performance criteria. 4

5 EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS Written and/or oral evidence of the candidate s ability to describe and explain the operation of aircraft flight control systems as detailed in performance criteria to (d) and the range. OUTCOME 4. EXPLAIN AIRCRAFT STALL WARNING AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE CRITERIA Stalling of an aircraft is correctly Methods used for sensing of impending stall are correctly Systems used for stall warning and protection are correctly RANGE STATEMENT Stall: cause; effect; stall angle; stall speed. Sensors: vane/reed; angle of airflow sensor. EVIDENCE REQUIREMENTS Written and/or oral evidence of the candidate s ability to explain the operation of aircraft stall warning and protection systems as detailed in performance criteria to and the range. MERIT STATEMENT: To gain a pass in this unit, a candidate must meet the standards set out in the outcomes, performance criteria, range statements and evidence requirements. To achieve a merit in this unit, a candidate must demonstrate a superior or more sophisticated level of performance. In this unit this might be shown in the following ways: (d) (e) (f) understanding; knowledge; enthusiasm, conscientiousness and application; initiative; innovative ability; timeous and neat presentation of achievements. 5

6 ASSESSMENT In order to achieve this unit, candidates are required to present sufficient evidence that they have met all the performance criteria for each outcome within the range specified. Details of these requirements are given for each outcome. The assessment instruments used should follow the general guidance offered by the Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) assessment model and an integrative approach to assessment is encouraged. (See references at the end of support notes). Accurate records should be made of the assessment instruments used showing how evidence is generated for each outcome and giving marking schemes and/or checklists, etc. Records of candidates achievements should be kept. These records will be available for external verification. SPECIAL NEEDS Proposals to modify outcomes, range statements or agreed assessment arrangements should be discussed in the first place with the external verifier. Copyright SQA 1998 Please note that this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that: (i) (ii) no profit is derived from the reproduction; if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. 6

7 HIGHER NATIONAL UNIT SPECIFICATION SUPPORT NOTES Unit number: Unit title: AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS: FLIGHT CONTROLS SUPPORT NOTES: This part of the unit specification is offered as guidance. None of the sections of the support notes is mandatory. NOTIONAL DESIGN LENGTH: SQA allocates a notional design length to a unit on the basis of time estimated for achievement of the stated standards by a candidate whose starting point is as described in the access statement. The notional design length for this unit is 40 hours. The use of notional design length for programme design and timetabling is advisory only. PURPOSE This is a specialised unit devised for the Principles and Technology section of an HND in Aeronautical Engineering. The purpose of this unit is to provide the general details of aircraft flight control systems for candidates who are undertaking a programme of study in aircraft maintenance engineering and/or aircraft design and construction. This unit is aligned to Chapter 27 of the ATA Specification 100 and will provide the knowledge element to partly meet JAR 66 aircraft maintenance licence requirements for aircraft flight control systems. The unit will also provide underpinning knowledge required for the study of specific aircraft types in detail. CONTENT/CONTEXT The candidate should achieve a level of competence of someone who may be expected to install, set up and test the operational aspect of an aircraft flight control system within an engineering environment. Safe practices to aerospace standards should be stressed throughout. Corresponding to outcomes: 1. Full description of and identification of each individual primary flight control; inboard and outboard ailerons, elevators, rudder, all flying tail plane, lateral spoiler control. Movement and operation of the controls giving control about the axes of an aircraft. Control surface aerodynamic balance. Control surface mass balance. Requirement for the need for trim systems; changes in centre of gravity and centre of pressure positions, changes in aircraft speed and angle of attack. Trimming methods used; trim tabs, variable incidence tail place, mach trim. 7

8 2. Full description of and identification of high lift devices; trailing edge devices slotted flap, extension flap, multi-element slotted extension flap, leading edge devices extending slat, Kruger flap, dropped leading edge. Movement and principle of operation of the high lift devices described and identified; effect on stalling angle, stalling speed, lift formula L = ½PV 2 S, take off and landing speeds, take off and landing distances. Requirements for and full description and identification of drag inducement devices; lift dumpers, spoilers, speed brakes. Movement and principle of operation of the drag inducement devices described and identified. 3. Aircraft control system diagrams should be used to explain the system operation and to indicate the system inputs and outputs with the role of the system components being A minimum of two (2) examples for each system operation as per the performance criteria to (d). The system diagrams selected should be from aircraft manuals or design drawings and represent a wide representation of the controls discussed within learning outcomes 1 and Stalling of an aerofoil, stalling of aircraft, angle of attack, relative airflow, burbling of airflow, separation point, stalling angle, stalling speed. Aerofoil pressure distribution and centre of pressure movement at selected angles of attack up to the stalling angle. Methods of sensing airflow pressure changes due to an impending stall and how these sensors are used to operate a stall warning and/or stall prevention system. The use of aircraft manuals or design drawings should be used to demonstrate the operation of typical stall warning and sensing systems used in aircraft. APPROACHES TO GENERATING EVIDENCE This unit should be delivered sequentially by outcome. A mix of formal assessment and assignment using aircraft manuals or aircraft design drawings is recommended. Coursework and assignment reports must be the work of the individual. It is recommended that this unit be delivered using both imperial and metric units as appropriate to normal practice in the aviation industry. ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES Centres may use the Instruments of Assessment which are considered by them to be most appropriate. Short answer/restricted response questions could be used for learning outcomes 1 and 2, with outcomes 3 and 4 being assessed by short answer/response questions using example of systems from aircraft manuals or design drawings. PROGRESSION This unit provides an overview of aircraft flight control systems and can stand alone as such. 8

9 REFERENCES 1. Guide to unit writing, SQA, 1993 (Code: A018). 2. Guide to assessment, SQA, 1993 (Code: B005). 3. Guide to certification, SQA, 1996 (Code: F025). 4. Notes for unit writers, SQA, 1995 (Code: A041). For details of other SQA publications, please contact staff in the Sales and Despatch section (Tel: ) who can supply you with a copy of the publication list (Code: X037). Copyright SQA 1998 Please note that this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that: (i) (ii) no profit is derived from the reproduction; if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. 9