A Framework for Integrating Planning Activities in Container Terminals

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1 A Framework for Integrating Planning Activities in Container Terminals August 30th, 2007 S. H. Won and K. H. Kim Dept. of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, South Korea

2 Contents 1 Introduction The framework for planning procedure Resource planning Conclusions

3 2 Introduction The framework for a planning procedure Resource planning Conclusions

4 Port container terminals 3 Transferring containers between vessels and land transportation modes

5 Operations in container terminals 4 Discharging Quay Crane Loading Internal Vehicle outbound containers inbound containers External Vehicle Yard Crane Receiving Delivery

6 Related researches 5 Reviewed the planning problems for operations in container terminals Berth planning QC scheduling Space planning Discharge/load sequencing Equipment deployment Equipment dispatching Locating containers Long Long Long Short Short Real time Real time Planning berthing activities of vessels Scheduling QC operations Allocating storage space for containers Determining discharging and loading operations Allocate yard cranes or vehicles to a type of jobs Assign a vehicle or crane to a handling task Assign a storage slot to a container

7 Operations in container terminals 6 What is operation planning in container terminals? Planning operations Assignment of resources to tasks The assignment of resources to tasks have been major concerns of planning activities.

8 Approach in this study 7 This study provides an integrated framework for various planning activities in container terminals View the planning problems as resource scheduling problems Identify resources related to each planning activity Develop a resource constrained planning method for each problem

9 8 Introduction The framework for operation planning procedure Resource planning Conclusions

10 Operational Plans in Container Terminals 9

11 Decision for operational plans 10 Activity to be planned Resources Contents of decision to be made Berth planning Berthing of each vessel Berth, storage space, quay cranes, yard trucks Berthing position and time of each vessel

12 Decision for operational plans (Cont.) 11 Activity to be planned Resources Contents of decision to be made QC work scheduling Loading or unloading task on deck or in hold of a bay by a QC QC, storage space, yard cranes Schedule for a QC to discharge and load containers on a vessel QC #1 QC #2 QC #3 Unloading Loading

13 Decision for operational plans (Cont.) 12 Activity to be planned Resources Contents of decision to be made Yard planning Receiving outbound containers of a group for a vessel or unloading inbound containers by a QC for a vessel for a period Storage space, yard cranes, transfer area Storage positions for receiving or unloading containers

14 Decision for operational plans (Cont.) 13 Activity to be planned Resources Contents of decision to be made Remarshal planning Moving a set of containers from one block to another for a period Storage space, yard cranes, YTs, transfer area Containers to be moved and their source and destination positions for a period Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Other group Current Layout Target Layout

15 Previous Approaches 14 Example of Space planning Outbound containers for a vessel must not be distributed over more than three blocks. Containers bound for the same port must be distributed over more than one block. Containers bound for the same port must be grouped together in the yard. Inbound containers must not be discharged at the same block where large amount of arrivals of outbound containers are expected. Congestion in truck traffic must be avoided. Difficult to define problems Too many requirements from people in practice Too many constraints to be satisfied by the algorithm Some requirements contradict each other.

16 Current practice of planning process 15 Hierarchical planning process Plans in higher hierarchies constrain plans in lower hierarchies, which results in lower adaptability to changes. Long planning time Inflexibility to the last minutes changes, longer lead time for shippers Inconsistency among different plans Lack of global view of individual planner local optimal decision

17 Approaches for new solutions 16 Allow distributed/unsynchronized decisionmaking by planners Provide a tool to communicate among different planners Share information on the available amount of resources Among planners

18 Resources in container terminals 17 Container terminals are carrying out various handling operations by utilizing the following facilities Quay or berth Quay crane Storage yard Yard crane Straddle carrier Yard truck

19 Operational plans considering resources 18 Berth capacity Berth planning Truck capacity QC work scheduling (split) Quay crane capacity Traffic area capacity Yard crane capacity Yard planning Storage yard capacity Remarshal planning Unload / load scheduling

20 Estimating resources required 19 Berth (Length of vessel) (Occupation time of vessel) Quay crane (Number of containers) (Standard handling time per container) Yard truck (Number of containers) (Average transportation time per container) Yard crane (Number of containers) (Standard handling time per container) Traffic area Expected future occupation time of TAs by trucks Storage yard (Reservation before storage of containers) + (Actual occupation by containers)

21 20 Introduction The framework for a planning procedure Resource planning Conclusions

22 Example of a berth planning problem 21 Input parameters Decision variables Objectives Constraints Calling schedule Favorable berthing location of each vessel Length of each vessel Draft required for each vessel Number of unloading and loading containers of each vessel Resource profiles Berthing position of each vessel Berth time of each vessel To minimize delays in departure of vessels To minimize travel distances between shore and yard for all containers of vessels Depth of water for berths Due time for departure of vessels Availability of resources

23 Resource profile for berthing a vessel 22 For outbound containers consumption of resource Berth berth QC TR YC handling (receiving) handling (loading) transportation (SY to berth) handling (loading) SY storage (outbound containers) receiving loading period

24 Resource profile for berthing a vessel 23 For inbound containers consumption of resource Berth berth QC TR YC handling (unloading) transportation (berth to SY) handling (unloading) handling (delivery) SY storage (inbound containers) unloading delivery period

25 Notations 24 r t a t s ar Index for the type of resources where r = H (berth), C (QC), R (TR), Y (YC), A (TA), and S (SY) Index for periods where t = 1, 2,, m Index for activities where a = 1, 2,, n Unit amount of resource r which must be used with time offset of t for carrying out activity a In berth planning, for example, if a vessel is decided to berth at quay at period p (let this be activity B), the unit operation time of QCs at period ( p + t ) will t be required by amount of s BC This is a basic datum for calculating resource profile

26 Example of calculating resource profiles 25 For activity of berthing, resource Y (YC), and t < 0 t s BY = (Time for a YC to receive an outbound container from an external truck) (Percentage of containers, among all outbound containers, arriving at SY on t th day before loading) Time for a YC to receive an outbound container from an external truck = minutes Percentage of containers arrived at SY on t th day before loading t % t t s BY

27 Data for calculating resource profile in berth planning 26 Length of the vessel plus allowance between adjacent vessels Berthing duration of the vessel Number of loading containers for the vessel Number of unloading containers for the vessel Time for a QC to transfer an outbound container to a slot of the vessel Time for a QC to transfer an inbound container to a TR Turnaround time for a TR to travel between shore and yard Time for a YC to transfer an inbound container to an external truck Time for a YC to transfer an outbound container to a TR Time for a YC to receive an inbound container from a TR Storage duration of the container for a period 300 m 18 hrs mins 1.9 mins 10 mins mins mins mins 24 hrs Percentage of containers left the terminal on nth day after unloading n %

28 27 Resource profile for berthing a vessel ,440 1,440 1, Storage YC 10 Truck 1.9 QC Quay t r 324,000

29 Resource profile of space allocation for an outbound container 28 period Unit: minute resources Truck 10 Yard crane Transfer area Storage space ,440 1,440

30 Resource profile of space allocation for an inbound container 29 period resource Truck 10 Yard crane Transfer area Storage space 1,440 1,

31 An Example of a Space Plan 30 Storage block Number of inbound containers Number of outbound containers

32 An Example of a Capacity Plan of Block 1 for Storage Planning 31 t Yard Crane Capacity 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,440 Reserved 1,255 1,200 1,108 1,100 1,090 1,050 1,070 1,050 Available ,440 Required Transfer Area Capacity 4,320 4,320 4,320 4,320 4,320 4,320 4,320 4,320 4,320 Reserved 3,010 3,770 3,700 3,600 3,500 3,400 3,300 3,200 Available 1, ,020 1,120 4,320 Required Storage Space Capacity 1,512 1,512 1,512 1,512 1,512 1,512 1,512 1,512 1,512 Reserved 1,157 1,140 1,104 1,103 1,102 1,101 1,100 1,099 Available ,512 Required

33 Sharing information on resources among planners 32 Berth planner Rail operation planner Space planner for discharging Remarshaling planner Information on resource availability Space planner for receiving Ship operation planner for vessel 1 Ship operation planner for vessel 2

34 33 Introduction The framework for a planning procedure Resource profiles for berth planning Conclusions

35 Conclusions 34 Proposed an integrated framework for various planning activities in container terminals Applied a concept of the resource planning to each planning activity Illustrated the resource profile and resource planning process Conventional method Handling capacities have been considered as constraints or rules during planning process New framework using resource planning Handling capacities can be explicitly considered by using the resource profile during planning process

36 Future Studies 35 Redesign processes of various planning activities Redefining operation planning problems Redesign software framework, data base structure for terminal operation systems Developing decisionmaking methods for various planning activities