LNG Bunkering introduction

Transcription

1 LNG Bunkering introduction Fabrizio Cadenaro, LR Trieste TSO 10 March 2016 Working together for a safer world

2 LNG as fuel for ships - Drivers Environmental: Emission Control Areas (ECA, SECA) impose either the use of clean fuels or treatment of exhaust gas (or both) Economical: price of LNG is competitive and may be even more in the long term Availability & politics: Gas market is somewhat detached from oil market

3 Is it going to happen? According to LR Bunkering Infrastructure Survey 2014, carried out involving 22 major seaports in Europe, North America and Asia: - 59% of them either have in place or have plan to provide LNG bunkering infrastructure for local shipping. - 86% consider LNG as likely or very likely to be a viable bunker fuel for deep sea shipping - 76% of them have a timeframe of 0 to 5 years for LNG bunkering operations to commence. For the others the time frame is no more than 10 years. The answer therefore is yes, it is happening and there are good reasons to expect that it will eventually grow up quickly.

4 Bunker basics Bunkering means supplying a ships with fuel for its propulsion plant, auxiliary engines, boilers. Several alternatives and technologies available Can be with or without vapour return line NO straightforward or one-fits-all choice! BUNKER FUEL FLOW SHORE BUNKERING: SHIP / SHORE INTERFACE SHIP

5 Regulatory Framework Regulatory Framework Ship LR Rules for GF ships IMO IGF Code IACS Bunkering guidelines (under development) Port National/local rules & laws ISO/TS 18683:2015 LR approach Supports & develops IACS bunkering guidelines Requires a detailed risk assessment of the ship LNG system which includes bunkering operation LR can provide technical support and expertise in the risk assessment of the port bunkering infrastructure as well

6 Port & Bunkering Risk Assessment Intended to evaluate risks during bunkering operations Split between the vessel and the port/land side Ship side bunkering focuses on the interaction between bunkering facility and ship, part of the LR Risk Based Design (RBD) procedure: based on ship technology and chosen bunkering system/provider Port side assesses the risk which may have an impact on personnel, neighbour installations, marine traffic, etc: Focussed on port installation and intended bunkering system (e.g. land facility, bunkering barge, trucks, etc).

7 Main technical aspects & choices for ports Bunkering & storage technology Supply of LNG fuel Assessment and management of risks Shore facility, trucks, container swap, bunker ship Ship, pipeline, trucks, incorporation into LNG terminal Vessel, port, personnel, neighbour installations & ships, equipment, environment, emergencies - HAZID: Hazard Identification study - HAZOP: Hazard Operability study - Hazardous areas - Exclusion zones - Emergency plans

8 Source of bunker fuel: ship or shore SHIP-TO-SHIP SHORE-TO-SHIP

9 Ship to ship bunkering Requires a dedicated bunkering ship Can be done at quay or even at sea (STS) Does not require a dedicated bunkering quay Can be done while loading/unloading the ship at berth Risk associated with the operation and place of operation shall be thoroughly evaluated and managed Little investment for port (eg: bunker ship owned by 3 rd party) & high flexibility Main storage facility (where LNG is taken) need not necessarily to be in close proximity If a receiving plant is available -> large and flexible availability of gas at competitive price Bunker ship could match and be shared with small-scale LNG projects

10 Shore to ship bunkering Fixed facility The basic idea is a land based storage system with a dedicated bunkering quay Ideal installation when stand alone with no major gas terminal nearby Risk component due to storage but dedicated space and quay means different risk during operations Small-scale tanker or trucks for smaller installations needed to reload the tank Can be not necessarily inside a port but on route along major shipping lanes Maximum flexibility of receiving ship storage technology

11 Shore to ship bunkering Truck, trailers, containers LNG is brought through road transport, such as truck/trailers or ISO containers. Suitable for small quantities of bunkered LNG Very little cost for facility, but high cost of transport LNG storage facility needed in a range of a few hundred km on road May not work for certain storage technology (e.g. membrane tanks) Option: satellite storage system (e.g. Samso, Norway) Another options: hot-swap ISO containers secured on board

12 Summarizing: Infrastructure & Technology drivers Driver Technical Economical Logistic Risk Market Aspects Storage technology, Receiving ships requirements, engineering purchase and reselling price, investments Where & How does it come from Impact on port, people, existing/neighbour activities & facilities type of ships, routes, owners, small-scale LNG

13 Questions?

14 Fabrizio Cadenaro Senior Specialist, Gas Fuelled Ships LR Trieste TSO T E fabrizio.cadenaro@lr.org Lloyd s Register EMEA Galleria Protti 1, Trieste, Italy Working together for a safer world Lloyd s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates. Copyright Lloyd s Register EMEA A member of the Lloyd s Register group.