Transport of Radioactive Material

Transcription

1 Transport of Radioactive Material Jim Stewart Transport Safety Unit, International Atomic Energy Agency What is transport? 1

2 Why is transport different? Road crashes kill nearly 1.3 million people every year, and leave millions more injured or permanently disabled. Impaired driving, unsafe roads and other dangers shatter lives in a matter of seconds. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon 11 May 2011 Transport of radioactive material 2

3 Basis Conventions Mandates Resolutions Conventions and agreements SOLAS Instrument No. of Contracting Date of entry States / into forceparties % world tonnage* SOLAS May SOLAS Protocol May SOLAS Protocol Feb

4 Conventions and agreements European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), of 30 September 1957 Entry into force: 29 January 1968, in accordance with article 7. Registration: 29 January 1968, No Status: Signatories: 9,Parties: 48. Conventions and agreements Convention on Civil Liability for Damage caused during Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road, Rail and Inland Navigation Vessels (CRTD), of 10 October 1989 Not yet in force: see article 23 Status: Signatories: 2,Parties: 1. 4

5 Conventions and agreements COTIF ( ) Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail of 9 May 1980 version applicable as from 1st November 1996 (47 MS) SMGS Conventions and agreements CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION SIGNED AT CHICAGO ON 7 DECEMBER 1944 Entry into force: The Convention entered into force on 4 April 1947, in accordance with Articles 91(b) and 92(b), Status: 190 Contracting States. 5

6 Air transport - rules Annex 1 Personnel Licensing. Annex 2 Rules of the Air. Annex 3 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation. Annex 4 Aeronautical Charts. Annex 5 Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground Operations. Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft. Annex 7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks. Annex 8 Airworthiness of Aircraft. Annex 9 Facilitation. Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunications. Annex 11 Air Traffic Services. Annex 12 Search and Rescue. Annex 13 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation. Annex 14 Aerodromes. Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services. Annex 16 Environmental Protection. Annex 17 Security. Annex 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air. Annex 18 Dangerous Goods the TI Chapter 2 provides for Technical Instructions which currently include: Part 1 GENERAL Part 2. CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS Part 3. DANGEROUS GOODS LIST, SPECIAL PROVISIONS AND LIMITED AND EXCEPTED QUANTITIES Part 4. PACKING INSTRUCTIONS Part 5. SHIPPER S RESPONSIBILITIES Part 6. PACKAGING NOMENCLATURE, MARKING, REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS Part 7. OPERATOR S RESPONSIBILITIES Part 8. PROVISIONS CONCERNING PASSENGERS AND CREW 6

7 Part 5. SHIPPER S RESPONSIBILITIES Chapter 1. General Chapter 2. Package markings Chapter 3. Labelling Chapter 4. Documentation Chapter 4. Documentation 4.1 Dangerous goods transport information 4.2 Air waybill 4.3 Additional documentation for other than radioactive material 4.4 Retention of dangerous goods transport information 7

8 Mandate ARTICLE III: Functions A. The Agency is authorized: 6. To establish or adopt, in consultation and, where appropriate, in collaboration with the competent organs of the United Nations and with the specialized agencies concerned, standards of safety for protection of health and minimization of danger to life and property (including such standards for labour conditions), GC.1/1 35.The transport of radioisotopes and radiation sources has brought to light many problems and involves the need for uniform packaging and shipping regulations The Agency may find it desirable to study these problems in relation to questions of international transport in consultation with other international organizations concerned The Preparatory Commission recommends 40.International transport. The Agency should study, in consultation with other international organizations concerned, take measures for the international transport of radioisotopes 8

9 GC.1/1 92.the need to facilitate the acceptance of such materials by sea and air carriers. The Preparatory Commission recommends 98.Transport of radioactive materials. The Agency should undertake studies with a view to the establishment of regulations relating to the international transportation of radioactive materials. In particular the Agency should obtain information on, and consider the formulation of regulations governing the international transport of radioactive materials ECOSOC resolution 724 C XXVIII Requests the Secretary-General To inform International Atomic Energy Agency of the desire of the Council that the Agency be entrusted with the drafting of recommendations on the transport of radio-active substances, providing that they are consistent with the framework and general principles of recommendations of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods of the United Nations, and that they are established in consultation with the United Nations and specialized agencies concerned Reports - INFCIRC 17, INFCIRC 28 9

10 Map of UN requirements UNOB Recommendation 1-way streams? ICAO-TI IMO-IMDG UNECE-ADR, RID, ADN SSR 6 Mandatory for Safety MSs ratified the treaty Air & Sea Transport Reg. Minimum requirement for facilitation Land & Rail Transport Reg. Domestic Regulations Depends on country Land & Rail Transport Reg. Development of requirements Modes Every 2 years all DG Common text updated Based on Orange Book - UNECE Radioactive material requirements Incorporated into Orange Book Includes updated common text from the Orange Book 10

11 Elements of requirements Classification, classification, classification UN number, Proper Shipping Name Package Standards (graded approach) Routine, Normal and Accident Thermal, Containment, Dose, Criticality Operational Controls (graded approach) Loading, Marking, Labeling, Accumulation, Segregation, Maintaining Regulatory Oversight (graded approach) Checking, Package Approval, Shipment Notification, Shipment Approval Compliance Classification State of shipment Package Standards Self certified, regulator certified (U/M) Operational Controls Modal controls Loading, Marking, Labeling, Accumulation, Segregation Maintaining Regulatory Oversight Checking Package Approval, Shipment Notification, Shipment Approval 11

12 Responsibilities - examples Consignor Designer Owner Carrier Packer Typical international transport medical Small packages Large numbers Distribution style Short shelf life (patient specific?) Road/Air/Road 12

13 Typical international transport - industrial Larger packages Sealed sources Carried with operator Road Delivery to facility Road/Sea/Road Typical international transport - nuclear Security major issue Direct delivery Dedicate organisations 13

14 Difficult issues emergency and liability Emergency who responds Car accident Sea/air (SAR) Who pays for damage Failure to ratify Difficult issues international compliance Safety often depends on people in other countries Right to carry out checks Ability to perform checks Investigation rights and responsibilities Prosecution 14

15 Difficult issues Freedoms and Rights Sea Freedom of navigation Right of innocent passage Human rights 50 years of transport regulations enviable record in 2002, an estimated 1.18 million people died from road traffic crashes carriage of radioactive material does not contribute to this number provisions that are there to protect against the abnormal (the safety and security events) should be balanced against the need for normal transport 15