National Defence University of Finland

Transcription

1 National Defence University of Finland Holistic Military Capability Life Cycle Model IEEE 7 th System of Systems Conference 2012, Genoa, Italy Commander, NDU

2 Contents of the Presentation Introduction motivation problem objective of the paper Theoretical background existing capability models capability life cycle capability frameworks Methodology ISO framework The holistic military capability life cycle model system of interest enabling systems The entire model Discussion and conclusions IEEE SoSE

3 Introduction 1 Capabilities based approach h IEEE SoSE

4 Introduction 2 problem, gap and objective Problem: The term military capability means different things in different contexts and is only meaningful when defined within a context Number of military capability models exist to manage and understand capabilities. Military capability life cycle models focus heavily on the acquisition stage of the capability life cycle and systems capability model Research gap: Only a few attempts provide a comprehensive and systematic view of the military capability models Objective of the paper to review existing capability models and to propose p a holistic capability life-cycle model (HCLCM) that combines capability systems with related capability models IEEE SoSE

5 Theoretical foundation Existing capability models Existing capability models functional capabilities effects to execute tasks systems capability as systems fighting power through military units Other military capability models military power an instrument of foreign power weapon systems or platforms IEEE SoSE

6 Existing capability models a. Military capability as an effect to execute tasks Military capabilities considered as effects or functions of armed forces to execute their tasks Examples of effects command and control situational awareness application of force The model is used by capability planners Concepts are used to define future military operations IEEE SoSE

7 Existing capability models b. Military capability as systems Military capability as a system of interlocking and interdependent d t components Examples of system components doctrine materiel personnel The model is used by acquistion community Capability is built i.a.w. acquistion processes as programmes Each capability system has a defined life cycle IEEE SoSE

8 Existing capability models c. Military Capability as fighting power through military units Military capability seen as military units manifesting the fighting power Measures of capability force structure prepardeness sustainability The model is used by military commanders Capabilities are used with the help of doctrines and tactcis Readiness and sustainability are time dependent factors of this capability model IEEE SoSE

9 Existing capability models Other military capability models d. Military power, a synonym for military capability an instrument of foreign power Measures of capability military expenditure number of military personnel and strategic weapon systems The model is used by political decision makers Source: The Military Balance 2011, e. Military capability function of a specific weapons system or military platform and its performance Measures of capability Speed, range, kinetic energy The model is used by end users Source: 5. syyskuuta g IEEE SoSE

10 Theoretical foundation Existing capability life cycle models ISO standard introduces a systems life cycle concept and is applicable to any man-made system that provides services in defined environments for the benefit of users and other stakeholders A life cycle model is a conceptual segmentation of the definition of a system s purpose, its realisation as a product or service and its utilisation, evolution and disposal. The life cycle model is typically segmented into stages to facilitate planning, provisioning, operation and support of the system The existing capability life cycle models focus primarily on specific stages the acquisition and in-service of the life cycle and leans primarily on the systems capability model IEEE SoSE

11 Related studies capability frameworks Only a few studies provide a comprehensive and systematic view of military capability models, i.e. capability frameworks The HCLCM provides a holistic and a generic capability life cycle model based on the existing framework, ISO The HCLCM builds on the work of Anteroinen (2012) IEEE SoSE

12 Methodology ISO (24748 TR) The ISO technical report approaches life cycles from the systems perspective System-of-interest refers to a particular system that is of interest to an observer Enabling system facilitates the progression of the system-of-interest through its life cycle During any particular stage in the system s life cycle, the relevant enabling systems and the system-of-interest should be considered together. Since they are interdependent, they can also be viewed as a system IEEE SoSE

13 The Holistic military capability life cycle model (HCLCM) IEEE SysCon

14 The HCLCM System of interest The system of intrest in military capability is manifested by the military unit model The generally recognised objective of military capability is the ability or power to achieve a desired d operational effect in a selected environment and to sustain this effect for a designated period This objective is only achieved when real-life military units are engaged in an operation Military units, i.e., force elements, represent the elements of military power that bring military power directly to bear and manifest real-life life fighting power, which is defined as the ability to fight and operate. Fighting g power comprises a conceptual component (how to fight), a morale component (the ability to get people to fight) and a physical component (the means to fight) IEEE SysCon

15 The comprehensive capability meta model includes the six perspectives of the capability, each of which represents a different role or perspective, a different set of constraints, and therefore different model structures The functioning enterprise perspective of the ZFEA, i.e. the working system, depicts the operational system (J. Anteroinen Integration of existing military capability models into the Comprehensive Capability Meta-model. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Systems Conference. March 2012, Vancouver, Canada) IEEE SysCon

16 The HCLCM Enabling systems 1 concept system The purpose p of the concept stage in accordance with ISO report is to identify stakeholders needs, explore concepts and propose viable solutions In the military organisation, i this stage corresponds to the concept development and experimentation (CD&E) CD&E plays an important role in driving strategic transformation in the military community by enabling the structured development of creative and innovative ideas into viable solutions for capability development Military concepts can be seen as visualisations of future operations. They describe how a military commander, using military art and science, might employ the necessary capabilities to meet future military challenges. Therefore, functional capabilities and their requirements are defined through military concepts IEEE SysCon

17 The HCLCM Enabling systems 2 Development system: capability planning The purpose of the concept stage in accordance with ISO report is to identify stakeholders needs, explore concepts and propose viable solutions The corresponding enabling capability system in military organisation is the capability planning system and its related capability model is the functional model. The capability developers ultimately refine the functional capability requirements initially identified in the CD&E stage into viable functional capability goals and systems solutions. IEEE SysCon

18 The HCLCM Enabling systems 3 Production system: procurement The capability procurement system enables the production life cycle stage, with the purpose of producing the system of interest, i.e., military units The capability solutions are procured as capability systems by taking into account the defence lines of development such as TEPIDOIL (capability systems model). The procurement of the capability systems are usually carried out in a dispersed manner IEEE SysCon

19 The HCLCM Enabling systems 4 Support and retirement t system: in service i support The enabling support system provides sustained system capability, while the retirement system disposes of the system In order to sustain in-use military units, it is necessary provide continuous support to maintain the suitability and effectiveness of the units to meet contemporary and emerging requirements In the disposal stage, either the whole unit is disbanded or some of its elements are retired as unfit for purpose The material part of the in-service support system is usually managed by a single in-service support organisation, such as DE&S in the United Kingdom In contrast, the military command of the unit is usually responsible for the overall in-service support of the units IEEE SysCon

20 The Holistic ostcmilitary capability life cycle model The entire HCLCM shows how the in use military capability system, i.e., the military unit and its evolution is facilitated from the concept to the disposal stage by enabling capability systems. It also illustrates how existing military capability models support each enabling capability system IEEE SoSE

21 The information model of the HCLCM Operational environment provides services In use capability system supports Military unit model Military capability consists of provides services Enabling capability system enables the conduct of consists of Capability life cycle model Life cycle stage consists of consists of Capability model Functional capability model consists of supports CD&E Capability planning enables enables Concept Development Systems capability model supports Procurement enables Production supports In service support enables In use Disposal IEEE SoSE

22 Conclusions, 1 The paper presented the holistic capability life cycle model (HCLCM) The HCLCM combines existing capability models and capability systems into a single model using ISO life cycle concept as the structure of the model. The HCLCM provides a holistic view of military capability throughout its life cycle and shows how existing capability models fit into this life cycle. IEEE SoSE

23 Conclusions, 2 The main contribution of this paper is conceptual in nature. The model complements the existing, but still evolving understanding of military capability and its life cycle in a holistic and systemic way. The HCLCM is generic, i.e. it is applicable anywhere. It is based on the existing capability models, it is holistic. It connects a standard-based system life cycle model to the widely used military capability models In practice, the model increases understanding and facilitates communication among various military capability stakeholders all of whom are focused on specific capability concerns and consider these concerns at particular stages in the capability life cycle helps to align each capability model in a larger context within the life cycle of military capability IEEE SoSE

24 Further research Future research on military capability should address the systems engineering g (SE) issues related to the capability life cycle, such as requirements management or the systems engineering life cycle. These elements would further enhance the HCLCM by showing how stakeholders needs are satisfied throughout the capability life cycle with the help of related capability models. IEEE SoSE

25 Thank you Questions or comments? National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland IEEE SoSE