Worksheet Structure of DNA and Replication

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1 Eastern Intermediate High School Honors Biology Name: Period: Date: Worksheet Structure of DN and Replication Directions: Label the diagram below with the following choices: Nucleotide Deoxyribose Phosphate group Base pair Hydrogen bond Nitrogenous base

2 Directions: omplete each sentence. 7. uanine, cytosine, thymine, and are the four in DN. 8. In DN, guanine always forms hydrogen bonds with. 9. he process of produces a new copy of an organism s genetic information, which is passed on to a new cell. 10. he double coiled, staircase shape of DN is called a. Directions: nswer each question in complete sentences. 11. What do the letters DN stand for? 12. Where is DN found? 13. Label the nucleotides (,,, ) in the DN molecule below: 14. What is the first step in the process of DN replication? 15. What is the first step in the process of DN replication?

3 16. Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DN double helix? 17. Which enzyme is responsible for facilitating the hydrogen bonding between nucleotides in a new DN molecule? 18. Which enzyme is responsible for creating the covalent bonds that connect the sugarphosphate backbone of the new DN molecules? 19. If the sequence of one single strand of DN is , what is the sequence of the complementary strand? 20. Describe the origin of each strand of the new double helices created after DN replication. 21. Why is DN replication important to the growth and development of a multi-cellular organism? 22. List the 3 basic steps of DN replication: a. b. c.

4 23. he model of DN below is ready to be copied. ompared to the original double helix, evaluate the copies made during three attempts of DN replication. List any errors with the replication if they occurred: Replication #1 ND List problems if any: Replication #2 ND List problems if any: 24. omplete the diagram on the left. hen circle the areas in the diagram on the right that show a genetic mutation. DN orrectly opied DN Incorrectly opied 25. Explain how the mutations might have been caused in the diagram above.

5 Base Pair Practice: For each example below, please give the correct complementary strand of DN Replication Practice: Label the parts of the diagram, write the correct letters in the boxes:

6 Name: DN Worksheet Date: Period: DN Structure 1. What does DN stand for? What are the two main functions of DN? a. b. 3. Monomer of nucleic acid? Polymers? _ 4. How many strands does DN have? What is its shape? Skip this question 6. DN in eukaryotes can be found in the DN in prokaryotes can be found in the What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Draw lines linking the following terms to their location on the DN diagram on the right. Phosphate Deoxyribose sugar Hydrogen bond Nitrogen base 10. Write in the complimentary base pair names a. pairs with b. pairs with he backbone of the double helix has alternating and 12. What bond holds complimentary bases of DN together? In a DN molecule, the number of cytosines equals the number of In a DN molecule, the number of adenines equals the number of _ DN and enes 15. What part of a nucleotide contains the genetic code? Don t worry about it. DN Replication 17. What is the purpose of DN replication? he location where the DN is unzipped is called a

7 19. Look over there, what is it? WOODHUK!! 20. fter the result of DN replication, one strand is new and one strand is old, this type of replication is called he strand has DN made continuously. 22. he strand has DN made in short segments call Okazaki fragments. DN Replication Enzymes 23. What enzyme unzips (unwinds) the DN? What enzyme attaches new nucleotides to the original DN strands? he diagram on the right is demonstrating DN PO 4 replication. Draw in the main enzymes required for DN replication and label the enzymes, replication fork, new strand, 5 and 3 ends and original strand. PO 4

8 Name Period Date DN: he Molecule of Heredity Worksheet DN Structure 1. On the diagram to the right: ircle and label a nucleotide. Label the sugar and phosphate molecules. Label the bases that are not already labeled. Label a base pair. Label the sugarphosphate backbones. Label the hydrogen bonds. 2. nucleotide is made of three parts: a group, a five carbon, and a base. 3. In a single strand of DN, the phosphate group binds to the of the next group. 4. hargaff's rule states that the DN of any species contains equal amounts of & and also equal amounts of &. 5. In DN, thymine is complementary to (or pairs with) ; cytosine is complementary to. 6. In a strand of DN, if the percentage of thymine is 30%, what would the percentage of cytosine in the same DN strand be?. 7. James Watson and Francis rick with, the help of Rosalind Franklin and others, determined that the shape of the DN molecule was a. 8. Why do purines pair with pyrimidines? 9. What type of bonds connect the deoxyribose sugars to the phosphate groups? 10. What type of bonds connect the bases to each other?

9 DN Replication 1. Number the steps of DN replication in the correct order (1, 2, 3): Daughter strands are formed using complementary base pairing. DN unwinds he DN of the daughter strands winds with together with its parent strand. 2. Why is DN replication called semi-conservative? 3. What enzyme unwinds or unzips the parent strand? 4. What enzyme connects the new bases to the old bases in the DN template? 5. What enzyme connects the new nucleotides together and proofreads them? 6. Show the complimentary base pairing that would occur in the replication of the short DN molecule below. Use two different colored pencils (or different pens, markers, etc.) to show which strands are the original and which are newly synthesized. DN Strand 1 DN Strand 2 DN Strand 1 (copy from left) New DN Strand + New DN Strand DN Strand 2 (copy from left)

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