Australian Standard. Guide to the sampling of particulate materials. Part 1: Sampling procedures AS

Transcription

1 AS Australian Standard Guide to the sampling of particulate materials Part 1: Sampling procedures

2 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee MN/10, Sampling of Minerals. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 16 September 1996 and published on 5 January The following interests are represented on Committee MN/10: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Australian Coal Association Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia Chamber of Mines of Western Australia CSIRO, Division of Mathematics and Statistics CSIRO, Division of Minerals Minerals Council of Australia The Royal Australian Chemical Institute Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest editi on, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR and DR

3 AS Australian Standard Guide to the sampling of particulate materials Part 1: Sampling procedures PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 ISBN

4 AS PREFACE This Guide was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Sampling of Minerals, as a basis for preparing Standards for sampling a range of minerals from moving streams and stationary situations. This Guide is Part 1 of the AS 4433 series for the sampling of particulate materials, which is to be used as a basis for preparing sampling Standards for a number of mineral commodities. Other Guides in the series are as follows: Part 2: Preparation of samples Estimating sampling precision Checking for bias An investigation of sampling theory has been carried out to justify the principles adopted. The terms normative and informative have been used in this Guide to define the application of the Appendices to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is for guidance and information only. Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.

5 3 AS CONTENTS Page 1 SCOPE REFERENCEDDOCUMENTS DEFINITIONS NOTATION PRINCIPLESOFSAMPLING ESTABLISHING A SAMPLING SCHEME MINIMIZATIONOFBIAS NUMBEROFINCREMENTS MASSOFLOTANDSUBLOTSAMPLES MASS-BASISSAMPLING TIME-BASISSAMPLING STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING FIXED MASS OR TIME INTERVALS MECHANICAL SAMPLING FROM MOVING STREAMS MANUALSAMPLINGFROMMOVINGSTREAMS STOPPED-BELTSAMPLING SAMPLING FROM STATIONARY SITUATIONS PACKINGANDMARKINGOFSAMPLES APPENDICES A DEFINITIONS B NOTATION C EXAMPLES OF VARIANCE CALCULATIONS D MECHANICALSAMPLINGIMPLEMENTS E MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS MOVING STREAMS F MANUAL SAMPLING IMPLEMENTS STATIONARY SITUATIONS First published as AS

6 AS STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Guide to the sampling of particulate materials Part 1: Sampling procedures 1 SCOPE This Guide sets out the basic methods for sampling particulate materials from moving streams and stationary situations, including stopped-belt sampling, to provide samples for measuring one or more variables in an unbiased manner and with a known degree of precision. The variables are measured by chemical analysis, physical testing or both. These sampling methods are applicable to materials that require inspection to verify compliance with product specifications or contract settlements, to calculate the value of a quantity as a basis for settlement between trading partners or to estimate the set of variables and variances that describes a system or procedure. Stopped-belt sampling is the reference method against which other sampling procedures are compared. Sampling from moving streams is the preferred method. Both falling-stream and cross-belt samplers are described. Sampling from stationary situations is used only where sampling from moving streams is not possible. The procedures described in this Guide for sampling from stationary situations merely minimize some of the systematic sampling errors. This Guide will be used as the basis for preparation and revision of sampling Standards for ores, concentrates and coal. It is also applicable to the sampling of other particulate materials for which no sampling Standards exist. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Guide: AS 1152 Specification for test sieves 4433 Guide to the sampling of particulate materials Part 2: Preparation of samples ISO 3084 Iron ores Experimental methods for evaluation of quality variation 3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Guide, the definitions given in Appendix A apply. 4 NOTATION A list of symbols used in this Guide is presented in Appendix B. 5 PRINCIPLES OF SAMPLING 5.1 General Inspections or evaluations of bulk materials are based on collecting for a lot sample a set of unbiased primary increments from the lot (cargo or shipment), preparing a test sample from the lot sample without introducing a systematic error, and taking a test portion from the test sample and analysing it by applying an appropriate and properly calibrated analytical method or test procedure under prescribed conditions. However, taking interleaved sublot samples from the bulk material may be necessary in some cases to check the precision of the result. COPYRIGHT

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