Strategic Planning for Sustainable Metropolitan Transport

Transcription

1 Monitoring Strategic Vision Goals Objectives Operations Strategic Planning for Sustainable Metropolitan Transport Problem Identification Priority Setting, Implementation Alternatives Decision on Strategic Plan Analysis & Evaluation I-1

2 Conversation Between Alice (in Wonderland) and the Cheshire Cat* Alice: Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here? Cat: 'That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,' Alice: 'I don't much care where----' Cat: 'Then it doesn't matter which way you go' *Lewis Carroll

3 When you come to a fork in the road, take it * * Yogi Berra, American Baseball Player and Philosopher

4 Strategic Planning for Metropolitan Transport: Why? Transport problems growing in magnitude and complexity Related to other strategic issues: Land use Climate change, energy, local air quality Safety, security, health Economic competitiveness Transport too often implemented and operated in pieces with too little decision support information I-4

5 Strategic Metropolitan Transport Planning (SMTP) Purpose of process is to serve strategic decisions for metropolitan transport Focuses on: Major investment needs/priorities Strategic (long-term, regional) operating and management policies I-5

6 Good Strategic Planning: Key to Successfully Dealing with Growing Challenges Improves decision making by providing essential decision support information Improves coordination of all transport and related policies and investments Helps achieve consensus Transparency Involvement Helps make best use of scarce resources of all kinds I-6

7 SMTP 5-C Process Effective SMTP The 5-C Process Comprehensive: Whole area, all modes Continuous: Monitoring Cooperative: All stakeholders Connected: To $ decisions Championed I-7

8 Monitoring Strategic Vision Goals Objectives Operations Problem Identification Priority Setting, Implementation Alternatives Decision on Strategic Plan Analysis & Evaluation I-8

9 Metropolitan Vision What Should the Metropolitan Area Look Like in 20 Years? Related to outcomes, e.g., safe, clean, affordable, not outputs, e.g., 4 ring roads + 50 km metro Transport perspective goes beyond congestion considerations: Access as well as mobility Safety Vision has more than transport dimensions I-9

10 Quality of Life: More than Green House Gas Emissions Land use Social and economic development, equity Gender equality Needs of disabled All aspects of the local and global environment, e.g., open space, emissions Energy I-10

11 Role of Land Use Visual illustration of future quality of life Macro scale (10,000 meter altitude view) Balance among jobs, housing, other activities Guide as well as serve land use Site-plan concepts I-11

12 What kind of future? I-12

13 What kind of future? I-13

14 4 Define and Understand the Problems Needing Solutions Analyze current and future (if current trends continue?) transport and related conditions, e.g., Congestion Health Safety Local air quality Climate change Logistics costs Economic, social development Sustaining existing system I-14

15 Identify Underlying Causes Causes, not symptoms Congestion is only one symptom; There are others Focus on: Demographic, social characteristics Land use Operations and management Pricing Network characteristics e.g., structure, capacity, design, condition I-15

16 Symptom: Traffic Congestion Manila Beijing Xian Bangkok I-16

17 Poor Land Use, Site Planning A Possible Cause of Congestion Widely dispersed, single-purpose developments ( bedroom communities) Site planning not pedestrian or transit friendly Auto dependent Residential Site planning forces dependency on private, motorized modes I-17

18 Dispersal of Urban Activities China: Building Institutions for Sustainable Transport, Zhi Liu, Smith, et al, World Bank, 2006 I-18

19 Pedestrian, Bicycle, Public Transport Friendly? Beijing I-19

20 Demand Side A Possible Cause of Congestion Explosive population, income and motorization (2, 4 wheelers) growth Declining household sizes Grown children moving to own homes More trips per capita Changing travel patterns Less core-focused, smaller O/D volumes More non-work travel I-20

21 2004 Changing PT Demand Patterns Accra, Ghana 2013

22 Supply Side Causes of Congestion Pedestrian/Bicycle Public transport Roads I-22

23 Pedestrian/Bicycle Problems Missing connectivity and coverage Poor infrastructure condition Little or no street lighting Few protected crossings Encroachment by hawkers, parking Poor enforcement I-23

24 Panjin Poor Pedestrian Environment I-24

25 Public Transport Problems Little or no regulation Safety, service quality Buses stuck in traffic Route network Redundant, confusing, unmatched to needs Insufficient and/or excess capacity Inefficient fare collection Poor quality infrastructure and equipment I-25

26 Roadway Problems Insufficient arterial connectivity, capacity Poor/non-existent secondary road system Insufficient off-street parking Poor traffic engineering Poor design standards Poor enforcement of traffic, parking rules Infrastruture condition I-26

27 Poor/No Secondary Street Network Bangkok Manila I-27

28 Encroachment, Enforcement I-28

29 Is Congestion the Only Transport Problem?

30 Other Transport Problems Safety, security Air quality Climate change Economic competitiveness, logistics Sustaining the existing system

31 Other Problems with a Transport Dimension Economic competiveness and development Equity/Equality Health Access to housing Etc.

32 Consider the Right Alternatives Begin with current and expected no project future issues Be multi-modal: In public transport studies, consider transit-supportive highway improvements, and vice-versa Include land use, systems management and operations policies in package I-32

33 There Is No One, Always Best, Type of Transport Improvement Cover a range of alternatives Types of modes Levels of investment: Not just high cost options!!!!! Consider more than just metros, ring roads and flyovers. Better management and operations Street/roadway priority, other bus improvements BRT LRT HOV lanes Arterial/secondary road improvements I-33

34 Rapid Transit Options I-34

35 Road Improvements I-35

36 Be Multi-Modal Each alternative should be judicious combinations of: Modes: Roadway, parking, and public transport Actions: Investment, management, and operations improvements New highway capacity projects (e.g., road and expressway widening, new facilities) are excellent opportunities for dedicated public transport facilities I-36

37 Road/PT Projects Barcelona LRT, Arterial Brisbane BRT Leeds UK Mexico City Metro, Expressway Paris, Expressway Median Transitway Beijing BRT, Expressway I-37

38 Land Use/Transport Relationship Land Use Induce Serve Transport I-38

39 Strategic Metropolitan Transport and Land Use Alternatives Transport Emphasis exclusively NMT, PT/RT Continue current trend Land Use Create new medium density mixed use nodes, strengthen CBD Homogeneous high-density??? Mixed modes?????? Road emphasis? Consistent LU/Transport Strategy I-39

40 6 Develop Complete, Objective, Reliable Decision Information Quantitative and qualitative factors Focus on people rather than vehicles Travel times Accessibility Reliability Economic, environment, land use, energy, and social benefits and impacts I-40

41 Money Matters Life-cycle costs (initial Invst., ongoing Ops.) Financial sustainability Risk Higher costs than expected Fewer resources than expected

42 Do Not Slant Analysis to Favor Pre-determined Solutions!! Biased assumptions e.g., fares, capacity standards Non-competitive alternatives Under-estimated costs Inflated benefits Ignored risk I-42

43 7 Strive for Open Decision-Making Make decision information available to the general public in a timely fashion Hear from all stakeholders, including citizens - before decisions are made Inform decision makers of stakeholder concerns before they choose Reflect outstanding stakeholder concerns in next development phase I-43

44 Do Not be Afraid to Defer Some Decisions to After Additional Planning For major investments, before selecting mode(s), general alignments, may need more detailed studies to nail down: Costs Benefits Environmental, social impacts Operational, physical feasibility

45 Number of Alternatives and Metropolitan Priority Corridors, Alternatives Level of Detail AlternativesHighest Number of Alternatives Lowest Project Identification (Alternatives Analysis) Feasibility Study/ Preliminary Design Minimal 30% Level of Engineering Definition, Design Analysis Detail Final Design I-45

46 Monitoring Strategic Vision Goals Objectives Operations Remember the Basics! Problem Identification Priority Setting, Implementation Alternatives Decision on Strategic Plan Analysis & Evaluation I-46